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21-616: The original essay was published in Mute magazine in 1995 and later appeared on the nettime Internet mailing list for debate. A final version was published in Science as Culture in 1996. The critique has since been revised in several different versions and languages. Andrew Leonard of Salon called Barbrook and Cameron's essay "one of the most penetrating critiques of neo-conservative digital hypesterism yet published." In contrast, Wired magazine publisher Louis Rossetto criticized

42-399: A biannual print compilation combining selections from current issues and other online content with specially commissioned and co-published projects. Contributors to Mute have included Heath Bunting , James Flint , Hari Kunzru , Anthony Davies and Simon Ford , Stewart Home , Kate Rich , Jamie King , Daniel Neofetou , Nils Norman , and Peter Linebaugh . The magazine was supported by

63-417: A specific (albeit somewhat illogical) meaning when used in relation to malaria (see below). In malaria , recurrence can take place due to recrudescence ; or relapse ; or re-infection (via mosquito transmission). Relapse means that a recurrence has been precipitated by a dormant stage in the liver called a "hypnozoite". Thus, relapse is applied only for those plasmodial species that have hypnozoites in

84-488: Is a British online magazine that covers a wide spectrum of subjects related to cyberculture , artistic practice, left-wing politics , urban regeneration , biopolitics , direct democracy , net art , the commons , horizontality and UK arts. Founded in 1994 by art school graduates Simon Worthington and Pauline van Mourik Broekman, the magazine is an experimental hybrid of web and print formats, publishing articles weekly online, contributed by both staff and readers, and

105-506: Is also used for malarial recurrence caused by drug-resistant strains of P. vivax and P. ovale where parasites remained in the bloodstream despite treatment. In melioidosis , a recurrent infection can be due to re-infection and relapse . Re-infection is a recurrence of symptoms due to an infection with a new strain of Burkholderia pseudomallei following the eradication therapy of melioidosis. Meanwhile, relapse are those who presented with melioidosis symptoms due to failure to clear

126-545: Is not one, but a multitude of different ideologies at work. Andrew Leonard of Salon calls the essay "a lucid lambasting of right-wing libertarian digerati domination of the Internet" and "one of the most penetrating critiques of neo-conservative digital hypesterism yet published." Leonard also notes what he refers to as the "vitriolic" response from Louis Rossetto , former editor and publisher of Wired magazine. Rossetto's rebuttal, also published in Mute , criticized

147-565: The Arts Council of England from 1999 to 2012. In 2009, the magazine produced an anthology, Proud to be Flesh: A Mute Magazine Anthology of Cultural Politics After the Net ( ISBN   978-1-906496-28-9 ), published by Autonomedia . This British magazine or academic journal–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See tips for writing articles about magazines . Further suggestions might be found on

168-534: The Objectivist philosophy of Ayn Rand . While in general agreement with Barbrook and Cameron's central thesis, David Hudson of Rewired takes issue with their portrayal of Wired magazine's position as representative of every viewpoint in the industry. "What Barbrook is saying between the lines is that the people with their hands on the reins of power in all of the wired world...are guided by an utterly skewed philosophical construct." Hudson maintains that there

189-496: The counterculture of the 1960s , and techno-utopianism . Proponents believed that in a post-industrial , post-capitalist , knowledge-based economy , the exploitation of information and knowledge would drive growth and wealth creation while diminishing the older power structures of the state in favor of connected individuals in virtual communities . Critics contend that the Californian Ideology has strengthened

210-496: The entrepreneurial class in the information technology industry in Silicon Valley vocally promoted an ideology that combined the ideas of Marshall McLuhan with elements of radical individualism , libertarianism , and neoliberal economics, using publications like Wired magazine to promulgate their ideas. This ideology mixed New Left and New Right beliefs together based on their shared interest in anti-statism ,

231-426: The article's talk page . Recrudescence Recrudescence is the recurrence of an undesirable condition. In medicine , it is usually defined as the recurrence of symptoms after a period of remission or quiescence , in which sense it can sometimes be synonymous with relapse . In a narrower sense, it can also be such a recurrence with higher severity than before the remission. "Relapse" conventionally has

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252-480: The corporate take-over of the Net and the exposure of the NSA's mass surveillance programmes ." In 2022, Hasmet M. Uluorta and Lawrence Quill wrote that "The recent tech-lash, concerns over the gig-economy, and the dubious imperatives of datamining, require us to reconsider the prospects for open societies that rely upon platforms as we enter the next phase of the Californian Ideology." Mute (magazine) Mute

273-407: The essay as showing "a profound ignorance of economics". "This new faith has emerged from a bizarre fusion of the cultural bohemianism of San Francisco with the hi-tech industries of Silicon Valley...the Californian Ideology promiscuously combines the free-wheeling spirit of the hippies and the entrepreneurial zeal of the yuppies." Richard Barbrook and Andy Cameron During the 1990s, members of

294-719: The essay as showing "a profound ignorance of economics". Rossetto also criticized the essay's suggestion that "a uniquely European (but not even vaguely defined) mixed economy solution" would be better for the internet, arguing that Europe's technological development is hampered by "huge plutocratic organizations like Siemens and Philips [who conspire] with bungling bureaucracies to hoover up taxes collected by local and Euro-wide state institutions and shovel them into mammoth technology projects which have proven to be, almost without exception, disasters." and by "High European taxes which have restricted spending on technology and hence retarded its development". Gary Kamiya, also of Salon , recognized

315-412: The immigrant poor and defense funding...government subsidies for corporations and exploitation of non-citizen poor: a model for future administrations." In the 2011 documentary, All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace , Curtis concludes that the Californian Ideology failed to live up to its claims: The original promise of the Californian Ideology, was that the computers would liberate us from all

336-425: The infection in the bloodstream after completion of eradication therapy. On the other hand, recrudescence is the recurrence of melioidosis symptoms during the eradication therapy. The bovine viral diarrhoea virus ( bovine virus diarrhea ) is said to be recrudescent for some time after clinical signs have abated, because antibodies plateau c. weeks 10–12, and are not lifelong, auto infection may potentially occur in

357-490: The life cycle, such as Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale . On the other hand, recrudescence means that circulating, multiplying parasites are detected after having persisted in the bloodstream (or elsewhere) at undetectable levels for a period of time, as merozoites (as opposed to hypnozoites). This term is applied for Plasmodium species that are not associated with hypnozoite-mediated recurrences, such as P. falciparum , P. malariae , and P. knowlesi . Recrudescence

378-465: The long-term goal of liberating everyone will never be reached, the short-term rule of the digerati can last forever." According to Fred Turner , sociologist Thomas Streeter of the University of Vermont notes that the Californian Ideology appeared as part of a pattern of Romantic individualism with Stewart Brand as a key influence. Adam Curtis connects the origins of the Californian Ideology to

399-468: The old forms of political control, and we would become Randian heroes , in control of our own destiny. Instead, today, we feel the opposite—that we are helpless components in a global system—a system that is controlled by a rigid logic that we are powerless to challenge or to change. In 2015, Wired wrote that "Denounced as the work of 'looney lefties' by Silicon Valley's boosters when it first appeared, The Californian Ideology has since been vindicated by

420-439: The power of corporations over the individual and has increased social stratification, and remains distinctly Americentric . Barbrook argues that members of the digerati who adhere to the Californian Ideology, embrace a form of reactionary modernism . According to Barbrook, "American neo-liberalism seems to have successfully achieved the contradictory aims of reactionary modernism: economic progress and social immobility. Because

441-464: The validity of the main points in the essay, but like Rossetto, Kamiya attacked Barbrook and Cameron's "ludicrous academic-Marxist claim that high-tech libertarianism somehow represents a recrudescence of racism." Architecture historian Kazys Varnelis of Columbia University found that in spite of the privatization advocated by the Californian Ideology, the economic growth of Silicon Valley and California were "made possible only due to exploitation of

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