63-572: 35°29′20″N 86°27′8″W / 35.48889°N 86.45222°W / 35.48889; -86.45222 Calsonic Arena is an arena in Shelbyville, Tennessee . It is best known as the home of the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration , but it hosts a variety of events throughout the year, including motocross competitions, 4-H events, dog shows , rodeos and circuses . Calsonic Arena
126-572: A HBCU established in October 1885 with support from the Kentucky Annual Conference AME Church . Bishop Henry M. Turner was its founding leader, and eventually the school was renamed for him. A private school supported by local people, there was a high school, a normal school , an "industrial institute," and a Bible study institute included in the institution. Located in two brick buildings, between 1920 and 1924
189-691: A kiln . By varying the ratio of graphite to clay, the hardness of the graphite rod could also be varied. This method of manufacture, which had been earlier discovered by the Austrian Joseph Hardtmuth , the founder of the Koh-I-Noor in 1790, remains in use. In 1802, the production of graphite leads from graphite and clay was patented by the Koh-I-Noor company in Vienna. In England, pencils continued to be made from whole sawn graphite. Henry Bessemer 's first successful invention (1838)
252-470: A porte-crayon ...the pencil stub can be inserted into the end of a shaft...Extenders were especially common among engineers and draftsmen, whose favorite pencils were priced dearly. The use of an extender also has the advantage that the pencil does not appreciably change its heft as it wears down." Artists use extenders to maximize the use of their colored pencils . Graphite pencils are the most common types of pencil, and are encased in wood. They are made of
315-467: A steno pencil , are expected to be very reliable, and their lead is break-proof. Nevertheless, steno pencils are sometimes sharpened at both ends to enhance reliability. They are round to avoid pressure pain during long texts. Golf pencils are usually short (a common length is 9 cm or 3.5 in) and very cheap. They are also known as library pencils , as many libraries offer them as disposable writing instruments. A standard, hexagonal, "#2 pencil"
378-457: A "little tail" (see penis ; pincellus ) originally referred to an artist's fine brush of camel hair, also used for writing before modern lead or chalk pencils. Though the archetypal pencil was an artist's brush, the stylus , a thin metal stick used for scratching in papyrus or wax tablets , was used extensively by the Romans and for palm-leaf manuscripts . As a technique for drawing,
441-679: A cabinetmaker in Concord , Massachusetts, made the first American wood pencils in 1812. This was not the only pencil-making occurring in Concord. According to Henry Petroski , transcendentalist philosopher Henry David Thoreau discovered how to make a good pencil out of inferior graphite using clay as the binder ; this invention was prompted by his father's pencil factory in Concord, which employed graphite found in New Hampshire in 1821 by Charles Dunbar. Munroe's method of making pencils
504-636: A center of wood-cased pencil manufacturing. It is still a site for manufacture of writing instruments. In 1982, National Pen Corporation purchased its largest competitor, U.S. Pencil and Stationery Company. Sanford Corporation produced the Sharpie , the world's top-selling writing instrument, in the city. It was in Shelbyville in 1991 that the world's longest pencil was produced, a plastic-cased pencil 1,091 feet (333 m) long, weighing 27 pounds (12 kg). One of last four pencil manufacturers in
567-603: A graphite stick inserted, and the halves then glued together—essentially the same method in use to this day. The first attempt to manufacture graphite sticks from powdered graphite was in Nuremberg , Germany, in 1662. It used a mixture of graphite, sulphur , and antimony . English and German pencils were not available to the French during the Napoleonic Wars ; France, under naval blockade imposed by Great Britain,
630-439: A household in the city was $ 27,593, and the median income for a family was $ 30,465. Males had a median income of $ 23,754 versus $ 16,065 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 11,260. About 14.4% of families and 25.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 22.1% of those age 65 or over. Shelbyville is known as "The Pencil City" because of its historical importance as
693-442: A lengthy patent fight the two companies agreed to share their formulas. Charcoal pencils are made of charcoal and provide fuller blacks than graphite pencils, but tend to smudge easily and are more abrasive than graphite. Sepia-toned and white pencils are also available for duotone techniques. Carbon pencils are generally made of a mixture of clay and lamp black , but are sometimes blended with charcoal or graphite depending on
SECTION 10
#1732797908271756-479: A mark of identical tone nor have the same hardness. Most manufacturers, and almost all in Europe, designate their pencils with the letters H (commonly interpreted as "hardness") to B (commonly "blackness"), as well as F (usually taken to mean "fineness", although F pencils are no more fine or more easily sharpened than any other grade. Also referred as "firm" by many manufacturers ). The standard writing pencil
819-423: A mixture of clay and graphite and their darkness varies from light grey to black. Their composition allows for the smoothest strokes. Solid graphite pencils are solid sticks of graphite and clay composite (as found in a 'graphite pencil'), about the diameter of a common pencil, which have no casing other than a wrapper or label. They are often called "woodless" pencils. They are used primarily for art purposes as
882-611: A monopoly on the production of pencils until a method of reconstituting the graphite powder was found in 1662 in Germany. However, the distinctively square English pencils continued to be made with sticks cut from natural graphite into the 1860s. The town of Keswick , near the original findings of block graphite, still manufactures pencils, the factory also being the location of the Derwent Pencil Museum . The meaning of "graphite writing implement" apparently evolved late in
945-491: A plasticised graphite mix within a wood-composite core. Residual graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous, and graphite is harmless if consumed. Although lead has not been used for writing since antiquity, such as in Roman styli, lead poisoning from pencils was not uncommon. Until the middle of the 20th century the paint used for the outer coating could contain high concentrations of lead, and this could be ingested when
1008-404: A sharp point. Mechanical pencils have more elaborate casings which are not bonded to the core; instead, they support separate, mobile pigment cores that can be extended or retracted (usually through the casing's tip) as needed. These casings can be reloaded with new cores (usually graphite) as the previous ones are exhausted. Pencil , from Old French pincel , from late Latin penicillus
1071-409: A softer, oily core that can leave marks on smooth surfaces such as glass or porcelain . The most common pencil casing is thin wood , usually hexagonal in section, but sometimes cylindrical or triangular , permanently bonded to the core. Casings may be of other materials, such as plastic or paper. To use the pencil, the casing must be carved or peeled off to expose the working end of the core as
1134-831: A trail of solid core material that adheres to a sheet of paper or other surface. They are distinct from pens , which dispense liquid or gel ink onto the marked surface. Most pencil cores are made of graphite powder mixed with a clay binder. Graphite pencils (traditionally known as "lead pencils") produce grey or black marks that are easily erased , but otherwise resistant to moisture , most solvents , ultraviolet radiation and natural aging. Other types of pencil cores, such as those of charcoal , are mainly used for drawing and sketching . Coloured pencils are sometimes used by teachers or editors to correct submitted texts , but are typically regarded as art supplies, especially those with cores made from wax-based binders that tend to smear when erasers are applied to them. Grease pencils have
1197-407: Is available, but is not considered a standard ISO size. Pioneered by Taiwanese stationery manufacturer Bensia Pioneer Industrial Corporation in the early 1970s, Pop a Point Pencils are also known as Bensia Pencils , stackable pencils or non-sharpening pencils. It is a type of pencil where many short pencil tips are housed in a cartridge-style plastic holder. A blunt tip is removed by pulling it from
1260-413: Is cut to a hexagonal height of 6 mm ( 1 ⁄ 4 in), but the outer diameter is slightly larger (about 7 mm or 9 ⁄ 32 in) A standard, "#2", hexagonal pencil is 19 cm (7.5 in) long. On 3 September 2007, Ashrita Furman unveiled his giant US$ 20,000 pencil – 23 metres (76 ft) long, 8,200 kilograms (18,000 lb) with over 2,000 kilograms (4,500 lb) for
1323-470: Is graded HB . This designation, in the form "H. B.", was in use at least as early as 1814. Softer or harder pencil grades were described by a sequence or successive Bs or Hs such as BB and BBB for successively softer leads, and HH and HHH for successively harder ones. The Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth pencil manufacturers claim to have first used the HB designations, with H standing for Hardtmuth, B for
SECTION 20
#17327979082711386-626: Is host to a number of popular annual events. The Lone Star Rodeo has been held there for 25 years, and includes such traditional rodeo events as bull riding and calf roping , as well as trick riding . The Spotted Saddle Horse World Championship show is held at Calsonic Arena, as is the Great Celebration Mule and Donkey Show. The most popular annual event held at Calsonic Arena, however, is the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration,
1449-482: Is one of 46 institutions in the Tennessee Board of Regents System, the seventh largest system of higher education in the nation. This system comprises six universities, fourteen community colleges, and twenty-six technology centers. More than 80 percent of all Tennessee students attending public institutions are enrolled in a Tennessee Board of Regents institution. Shelbyville was the home of Turner College ,
1512-468: Is still mandated by law for voting paper ballots in elections and referendums. Eye liner pencils are used for make-up. Unlike traditional copying pencils, eyeliner pencils usually contain non-toxic dyes. Unlike wax-based colored pencils, the erasable variants can be easily erased. Their main use is in sketching, where the objective is to create an outline using the same color that other media (such as wax pencils, or watercolor paints) would fill or when
1575-422: Is usually still considered incomplete at this point. Each pencil has a shoulder cut on one end of the pencil to allow for a metal ferrule to be secured onto the wood. A rubber plug is then inserted into the ferrule for a functioning eraser on the end of the pencil. Graphite pencils are made of a mixture of clay and graphite and their darkness varies from black to light grey. A higher amount of clay added to
1638-421: The 2020 United States census , there were 23,557 people, 7,257 households, and 5,025 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 16,105 people, 6,066 households, and 4,155 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,041.3 inhabitants per square mile (402.0/km ). There were 6,550 housing units at an average density of 423.5 per square mile (163.5/km ). The racial makeup of
1701-561: The Supreme Court of the United States ruled against Reckendorfer, declaring the patent invalid. Historian Henry Petroski notes that while ever more efficient means of mass production of pencils has driven the replacement cost of a pencil down, before this people would continue to use even the stub of a pencil. For those who did not feel comfortable using a stub, pencil extenders were sold. These devices function something like
1764-401: The 16th century. Around 1560, an Italian couple named Simonio and Lyndiana Bernacotti made what are likely the first blueprints for the modern, wood-encased carpentry pencil . Their version was a flat, oval, more compact type of pencil. Their concept involved the hollowing out of a stick of juniper wood. Shortly thereafter, a superior technique was discovered: two wooden halves were carved,
1827-715: The 2010 census. The town is a hub of the Tennessee Walking Horse industry and has been nicknamed "The Walking Horse Capital of the World". Shelbyville is in Middle Tennessee on a Highland Rim limestone bluff upon the banks of Duck River , which flows around the southern and eastern sides of town. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 18.6 square miles (48.2 km ), all land. As of
1890-524: The United States the AME Church opened a school for African-American children. The public school system graduated its first black class in 1890. The schools for African-American children operated by the district were East Bedford School and Bedford County Training School for Negroes (a.k.a. John McAdams High School and also Harris High School for Negroes). Schools racially integrated after 1964. The Tennessee College of Applied Technology - Shelbyville
1953-437: The United States, Musgrave Pencil Company , is located in Shelbyville. Other major business operations in Shelbyville include manufacturers Calsonic Kansei , Newell Rubbermaid , Cebal America, and Jostens ; it is also home to a Tyson Foods facility and a distribution center for Wal-Mart , as well as several nationwide trucking businesses. Shelbyville is at the intersection of U.S. Route 231 and U.S. Route 41A . It
Calsonic Arena - Misplaced Pages Continue
2016-421: The breed's World Grand Champion and over 20 World Champions are named. The Celebration is a festival event where more than $ 650,000 in prizes and awards are given. The Celebration began in 1939, and the first winner was Strolling Jim . Bedford County School District operates primary and secondary schools. Shelbyville Central High School is the local public high school. After the end of non-penal slavery in
2079-570: The city was 77.14% White , 14.98% African American , 0.70% Asian , 0.35% Native American , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 5.02% from other races , and 1.78% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 14.55% of the population. Of the 6,066 households, 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 16.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. A total of 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who
2142-537: The closest predecessor to the pencil was silverpoint or leadpoint until in 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), a large deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from the hamlet of Seathwaite in Borrowdale parish , Cumbria , England. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid, and it could easily be sawn into sticks. It remains the only large-scale deposit of graphite ever found in this solid form. Chemistry
2205-774: The darkness and manufacturer. They produce a fuller black than graphite pencils, are smoother than charcoal, and have minimal dust and smudging. They also blend very well, much like charcoal. Colored pencils , or pencil crayons, have wax-like cores with pigment and other fillers. Several colors are sometimes blended together. Grease pencils can write on virtually any surface (including glass, plastic, metal and photographs). The most commonly found grease pencils are encased in paper (Berol and Sanford Peel-off), but they can also be encased in wood (Staedtler Omnichrom). Watercolor pencils are designed for use with watercolor techniques. Their cores can be diluted by water. The pencils can be used by themselves for sharp, bold lines. Strokes made by
2268-660: The end of the nineteenth century, over 240,000 pencils were used each day in the US. The favoured timber for pencils was Red Cedar as it was aromatic and did not splinter when sharpened. In the early twentieth century supplies of Red Cedar were dwindling so that pencil manufacturers were forced to recycle the wood from cedar fences and barns to maintain supply. One effect of this was that "during World War II rotary pencil sharpeners were outlawed in Britain because they wasted so much scarce lead and wood, and pencils had to be sharpened in
2331-440: The fact that they may never need sharpening. Lead types are based on grade and size; with standard sizes being 2.00 mm (0.079 in), 1.40 mm (0.055 in), 1.00 mm (0.039 in), 0.70 mm (0.028 in), 0.50 mm (0.020 in), 0.35 mm (0.014 in), 0.25 mm (0.0098 in), 0.18 mm (0.0071 in), and 0.13 mm (0.0051 in) ( ISO 9175-1 )—the 0.90 mm (0.035 in) size
2394-522: The graphite centre – after three weeks of creation in August 2007 as a birthday gift for teacher Sri Chinmoy . It is longer than the 20-metre (65 ft) pencil outside the Malaysia HQ of stationers Faber-Castell. Mechanical pencils use mechanical methods to push lead through a hole at the end. These can be divided into two groups: with propelling pencils an internal mechanism is employed to push
2457-643: The institution had 385 students. Apparently the fiscal support for the school didn't continue though, and in the late 1920s the "starving little school" was permanently closed. The City of Shelbyville, Tennessee Government consists of an elected mayor, six member elected city council, and appointed city manager. The Bedford County Post launched in August 2023 when the Shelbyville Times-Gazette closed its doors. Shelbyville has two news media outlets, "Bedford County Post" www.bedfordcountypost.com & Shelbyville Times-Gazette . Shelbyville
2520-409: The intended pencil hardness (lower proportions of clay makes the core softer), and the amount of time spent on grinding the mixture determines the quality of the lead. The mixture is then shaped into long spaghetti -like strings, straightened, dried, cut, and then tempered in a kiln . The resulting strings are dipped in oil or molten wax, which seeps into the tiny holes of the material and allows for
2583-486: The lack of casing allows for covering larger spaces more easily, creating different effects, and providing greater economy as the entirety of the pencil is used. They are available in the same darkness range as wood-encased graphite pencils. Liquid graphite pencils are pencils that write like pens . The technology was first invented in 1955 by Scripto and Parker Pens . Scripto's liquid graphite formula came out about three months before Parker's liquid lead formula. To avoid
Calsonic Arena - Misplaced Pages Continue
2646-413: The largest show for the Tennessee Walking Horse . The Celebration itself encompasses a wide variety of activities besides the horse show, and includes a trade fair and barbecue cookout. Shelbyville, Tennessee Shelbyville is a city in and the county seat of Bedford County, Tennessee . The town was laid out in 1810 and incorporated in 1819. Shelbyville had a population of 20,335 residents at
2709-403: The late 19th century for press copying and as a practical substitute for fountain pens. Their markings are often visually indistinguishable from those of standard graphite pencils, but when moistened their markings dissolve into a coloured ink, which is then pressed into another piece of paper. They were widely used until the mid-20th century when ball pens slowly replaced them. In Italy their use
2772-445: The lead out from an internal compartment, while clutch pencils merely hold the lead in place (the lead is extended by releasing it and allowing some external force, usually gravity, to pull it out of the body). The erasers (sometimes replaced by a sharpener on pencils with larger lead sizes) are also removable (and thus replaceable), and usually cover a place to store replacement leads. Mechanical pencils are popular for their longevity and
2835-403: The more conservative manner – with knives." It was soon discovered that incense cedar , when dyed and perfumed to resemble Red Cedar, was a suitable alternative. Most pencils today are made from this timber, which is grown in managed forests. Over 14 billion pencils are manufactured worldwide annually. Less popular alternatives to cedar include basswood and alder . In Southeast Asia,
2898-538: The moulds for cannonballs ; the mines were taken over by the Crown and were guarded. When sufficient stores of graphite had been accumulated, the mines were flooded to prevent theft until more was required. The usefulness of graphite for pencils was discovered as well, but graphite for pencils had to be smuggled. Because graphite is soft, it requires some form of encasement . Graphite sticks were initially wrapped in string or sheepskin for stability. England would enjoy
2961-648: The objective is to scan the color sketch. Some animators prefer erasable color pencils as opposed to graphite pencils because they do not smudge as easily, and the different colors allow for better separation of objects in the sketch. Copy-editors find them useful too as markings stand out more than those of graphite, but can be erased. Also known as non-photo blue pencils, the non-reproducing types make marks that are not reproducible by photocopiers (examples include "Copy-not" by Sanford and "Mars Non-photo" by Staedtler) or by whiteprint copiers (such as "Mars Non-Print" by Staedtler). Stenographer 's pencils, also known as
3024-537: The pencil can also be saturated with water and spread with brushes. Carpenter's pencils are pencils that have two main properties: their shape prevents them from rolling, and their graphite is strong. The oldest surviving pencil is a German carpenter's pencil dating from the 17th Century and now in the Faber-Castell collection. Copying pencils (or indelible pencils) are graphite pencils with an added dye that creates an indelible mark. They were invented in
3087-463: The pencil makes it harder, leaving lighter marks. There is a wide range of grades available, mainly for artists who are interested in creating a full range of tones from light grey to black. Engineers prefer harder pencils which allow for a greater control in the shape of the lead. Manufacturers distinguish their pencils by grading them, but there is no common standard. Two pencils of the same grade but different manufacturers will not necessarily make
3150-413: The pencil was sucked or chewed. The lead of the pencil is a mix of finely ground graphite and clay powders. Before the two substances are mixed, they are separately cleaned of foreign matter and dried in a manner that creates large square cakes. Once the cakes have fully dried, the graphite and the clay squares are mixed together using water. The amount of clay content added to the graphite depends on
3213-401: The smooth writing ability of the pencil. A juniper or incense-cedar plank with several long parallel grooves is cut to fashion a "slat," and the graphite/clay strings are inserted into the grooves. Another grooved plank is glued on top, and the whole assembly is then cut into individual pencils, which are then varnished or painted. Many pencils feature an eraser on the top and so the process
SECTION 50
#17327979082713276-513: The wood Jelutong may be used to create pencils (though the use of this rainforest species is controversial). Environmentalists prefer the use of Pulai – another wood native to the region in pencil manufacturing. On 30 March 1858, Hymen Lipman received the first patent for attaching an eraser to the end of a pencil. In 1862, Lipman sold his patent to Joseph Reckendorfer for $ 100,000, who went on to sue pencil manufacturer Faber-Castell for infringement . In Reckendorfer v. Faber (1875),
3339-495: The writing end of the body and re-inserting it into the open-ended bottom of the body, thereby pushing a new tip to the top. Invented by Harold Grossman for the Empire Pencil Company in 1967, plastic pencils were subsequently improved upon by Arthur D. Little for Empire from 1969 through the early 1970s; the plastic pencil was commercialised by Empire as the "EPCON" Pencil. These pencils were co-extruded, extruding
3402-640: Was Eberhard Faber , which built a factory in New York and became the leader in pencil production. Joseph Dixon , an inventor and entrepreneur involved with the Tantiusques graphite mine in Sturbridge , Massachusetts, developed a means to mass-produce pencils. By 1870, The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the world's largest dealer and consumer of graphite and later became the contemporary Dixon Ticonderoga pencil and art supplies company. By
3465-450: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.05. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males. The median income for
3528-606: Was a method of compressing graphite powder into solid graphite thus allowing the waste from sawing to be reused. American colonists imported pencils from Europe until after the American Revolution . Benjamin Franklin advertised pencils for sale in his Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729, and George Washington used a three-inch (7.5 cm) pencil when he surveyed the Ohio Country in 1762. William Munroe ,
3591-524: Was also featured in GADA film's Our Very Own (2005 Film), directed by Cameron Watson. The film, dubbed "a love story to Shelbyville", highlighted some of the peculiar and humorous memories of Shelbyville in the 1970s. The film follows five teenagers who are determined to meet Shelbyville's own Sondra Locke . Filmed in 2004, it highlights the square, Capri Theater, Pope's Cafe, Central High School, Duck River Dam, TWHNC, and many other landmarks. Shelbyville
3654-655: Was featured in Miranda Lambert 's video " Famous in a Small Town ". The city was also profiled in the film Welcome to Shelbyville , as part of the PBS documentary film series Independent Lens . The film spotlights recent demographic changes in the community, with a focus on the growing number of immigrants from Latin America and Somalia (both Somalis and people from the Bantu minority ethnic group). Shelbyville
3717-716: Was in its infancy and the substance was thought to be a form of lead . Consequently, it was called plumbago (Latin for "lead ore "). Because the pencil core is still referred to as "lead", or "a lead", many people have the misconception that the graphite in the pencil is lead, and the black core of pencils is still referred to as lead , even though it never contained the element lead. The words for pencil in German ( Bleistift ), Irish ( peann luaidhe ), Arabic (قلم رصاص qalam raṣāṣ ), and some other languages literally mean lead pen . The value of graphite would soon be realised to be enormous, mainly because it could be used to line
3780-399: Was mentioned in the lyrics of Nashville country duo Birdcloud 's song "Saving Myself For Jesus" Pencil A pencil ( / ˈ p ɛ n s ə l / ) is a writing or drawing implement with a solid pigment core in a protective casing that reduces the risk of core breakage and keeps it from marking the user's hand . Pencils create marks by physical abrasion , leaving
3843-406: Was painstakingly slow, and in the neighbouring town of Acton , a pencil mill owner named Ebenezer Wood set out to automate the process at his own pencil mill located at Nashoba Brook . He used the first circular saw in pencil production. He constructed the first of the hexagon- and octagon-shaped wooden casings. Ebenezer did not patent his invention and shared his techniques with anyone. One of those
SECTION 60
#17327979082713906-460: Was the terminus of a branch line (from Wartrace ), located along what is now known as Railroad Avenue, connecting with what was once known as the Saint Louis, Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad . The Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration takes place each year during the 11 days and nights prior to Labor Day . It is the largest show for the Tennessee Walking Horse , during which
3969-547: Was unable to import the pure graphite sticks from the British Grey Knotts mines – the only known source in the world. France was also unable to import the inferior German graphite pencil substitute. It took the efforts of an officer in Napoleon 's army to change this. In 1795, Nicolas-Jacques Conté discovered a method of mixing powdered graphite with clay and forming the mixture into rods that were then fired in
#270729