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25-594: The Canadian Birkebeiner is named after the Norwegian Birkebeinerrennet , which commemorates an important historical event. In 1206 a group of Birkebeiner loyalists, who fought for Sverre Sigurdsson and his descendants in the Norwegian civil war , smuggled Haakon IV , the widely regarded illegitimate son of Norway's King Håkon Sverresson , from Lillehammer to safety in Trondheim . As in

50-403: A backpack weighing at least 3.5 kg, symbolizing the weight of the then one-year-old king. The inaugural edition was won by Trygve Beisvåg. An own class for women was established in 1976. Until 1991, the start city was alternated between Lillehamer (finish at Rena) and Rena (finish at Lillehamer). The last time that Birkebeinerrenet started at Lillehammer, the start was located on the site where

75-565: A distance of 54 kilometres (34 mi). The number of participants has been steadily increasing each year, and for the 2011 race, the limit was set at 16,000. The following aid stations are present: The Birkebeinerrennet has been held since 1932, and commemorates a trip made by the Birkebeiner loyalists Torstein Skevla and Skjervald Skrukka to save the infant heir to the Norwegian throne , Håkon Håkonsson , in 1206. All participants carry

100-603: A lesser known figure, with whom he shared his power. Regent: Queen Mother Ingeborg (1280–1283) Haakon Magnusson the Elder 1299–1319 Ingeborg of Norway as regent (circa 24 years, 14 days, de jure ) Regents: Queen Mother Ingeborg (1319–1323) and Erling Vidkunsson (1323–1332) Haakon Magnusson the Younger 15 August 1343 – 11 September 1380 (37 years, 27 days) (6 years, 346 days) Margaret Estridsen as regent

125-561: Is generally held as the ruler of Norway from 970 to 995. After the Battle of Svolder , the Danes recaptured Norway under Sweyn Forkbeard. As before, the Danes controlled the petty kingdoms of Viken as vassals, while the two Earls of Lade, Eric Haakonsson and Sweyn Haakonsson, ruled Western Norway and Trøndelag, nominally as earls under Sweyn. Eric is generally held as the de facto ruler of Norway from 1000 to 1015, together with his brother Sweyn,

150-702: Is the 64th monarch according to the official list. During interregna , Norway has been ruled by variously titled regents. Several royal dynasties have possessed the Throne of the Kingdom of Norway: the more prominent include the Fairhair dynasty (872–970), the House of Sverre (1184–1319), the House of Oldenburg (1450–1481, 1483–1533, 1537–1818, and from 1905),including branches Holstein-Gottorp (1814–1818) and Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (from 1905), and

175-405: The House of Bernadotte (1818-1905). During the civil war era (1130–1240), several pretenders fought each other, and as a consequence, some rulers from this era are not traditionally considered lawful kings and are usually omitted from lists of monarchs. Between 1319 and 1905, Norway was part of various unions. Kings of Norway used many additional titles between 1450 and 1905, such as King of

200-622: The Lysgårdsbakken ski jumping arena were built for the 1994 Winter Olympics . In 2002, the race was included as the last event in the FIS World Cup . The World Cup class was won by Thomas Alsgaard and Anita Moen Guidon finishing in 2:24:08.7 and 2:43:39.1, respectively, faster than all records set prior to 2012 for men and prior to 2015 for women. However, the participants in the World Cup class were not required to carry

225-1525: The Semiramis of the North 2 February 1388 – 28 October 1412 (24 years, 269 days) with Eric III (1389–1412) (52 years, 269 days) Regents: Philippa of England (1423-1425) and Sigurd Jonsson (1439–1442) (5 years, 216 days) (174 days) (31 years, 8 days) (29 years, 215 days) (9 years, 182 days) (8 years, 248 days) (21 years, 275 days) (29 years, 94 days) (59 years, 330 days) Regency Council led by: Niels Kaas (1588–1594) and Jørgen Rosenkrantz (1594–1596) (21 years, 218 days) (29 years, 197 days) (31 years, 48 days) Regent: Queen Consort Louise (1708–1709) (15 years, 298 days) (19 years, 161 days) (42 years, 59 days) Regents: Hereditary Prince Frederick (1772–1784) and Crown Prince Frederick (1784–1808) (5 years, 331 days) (89 days) (3 years, 93 days) Regent: Crown Prince Charles John Bernadotte (26 years, 32 days) Adopted by Charles II on 21 August 1810 (15 years, 122 days) Regent: Crown Prince Charles (1857–1859) 18 September 1872 (13 years, 102 days) (32 years, 262 days or 33 years, 38 days) Carl of Denmark

250-606: The 2015 edition in 2 hours, 41 minutes and 46 seconds and set a new record for female skiers. The 2020 edition was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic . Course record in bold . In the week preceding Birkebeinerrennet, several cross-country skiing races are held during the Birken Ski Festival: [REDACTED] Media related to Birkebeinerrennet at Wikimedia Commons List of Norwegian monarchs The list of Norwegian monarchs ( Norwegian : kongerekken or kongerekka ) begins in 872:

275-431: The 3.5 kg backpack, and these times set in 2002 were therefore not considered as records. In 2007, the race was cancelled for the first time in history due to extremely high winds (90 km/h or 55 mph). However, at the time of cancellation, the event had been under way for nearly an hour, with roughly a quarter of the 13,000 competitors already on course. Despite the efforts of officials to send everyone back to

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300-522: The Birkebeiner races. In 2019 a total of 175 skiers received the award. Birkebeinerrennet Birkebeinerrennet (lit. The Birkebeiner race) is a long-distance cross-country ski marathon held annually in Norway . It debuted in 1932 and has been a part of Worldloppet since Worldloppet's inception in 1979. The Birkebeinerrennet is one of three races held under the Birkebeiner moniker,

325-824: The COVID-19 restrictions in 2021. Since 1990 skiers that have completed all three international Birkebeiner long distance cross-country ski races – Birkebeinerrennet in Norway, the American Birkebeiner and the Canadian Birkebeiner ;– receive the Haakon Haakonson Award. The award is an initiative of the Canadian Birkebeiner Society to recognise the skier's dedication to

350-671: The Norwegian Birkebeinerrennet, the skiers in the Canadian Birkebeiner carry a pack symbolizing the weight of an 18-month-old child. On February 9, 1985, the first Birkebeiner race was organized by the Canadian Birkebeiner Society. In total 127 skiers participated in the cross-country marathon starting in Devon and finishing at Fort Edmonton Park . The Canadian Birkebeiner continued to be held in this area until 1990, when, because of recurring issues with

375-624: The Wends , King of the Goths , Duke of Schleswig , Duke of Holstein , Prince of Rügen , and Count of Oldenburg . They called themselves Konge til Norge ("King of Norway"), usually with the style His Royal Majesty . With the introduction of constitutional monarchy in 1814, the traditional style " by the Grace of God " was extended to "by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the Kingdom", but

400-697: The dates given in Norsk biografisk leksikon / Store norske leksikon . The Danish king Harald Bluetooth had himself hailed as king of Norway after the Battle of Fitjar ( c. 961). Besides gaining direct control of Viken in south-eastern Norway, he let Harald Greycloak rule the rest of Norway as king, nominally under himself. Harald Bluetooth later switched his support to Harald Greycloak's rival, Haakon Sigurdsson , Earl of Lade , who eventually captured Harald Greycloak's kingdom. Haakon thereafter ruled Norway (except Viken), at first nominally under Harald. All dates are estimates and subject to interpretation. Haakon

425-502: The decision. The organizers also decided not to give any refunds, which caused an investigation by the Norwegian Skiing Federation. In 2015, conditions were good for skiing fast and new records were set in both the men's and the women's classes. Petter Eliassen skied in 2 hours, 19 minutes and 28 seconds, more than two minutes faster than the previous record set by Anders Aukland in 2012. Therese Johaug skied

450-404: The latter's death. After Harald's death, Eric ruled as "overking" of his brothers, who also held status as kings and had control over certain regions. Harald Greycloak also ruled as "overking" of his brothers. All dates for the kings of the Fairhair dynasty are approximate and/or just scholarly estimates. Slight differences might therefore occur between different sources. The following table uses

475-524: The level of snow on the Devon–Fort Edmonton Park trail, the event moved permanently to Cooking Lake–Blackfoot Provincial Recreation Area. In 1996 a study of heart rates of cross-country skiers was conducted during the race, and the results reported in the Journal of Human Movement Studies . In 1999 about 2500 people took part in the race; in 2018 the event attracted about 1000 skiers. While

500-484: The metabolic cost for modern ski models is about 2.5 J/kg*m as compared to about 5 J/kg*m for ski models dated 542 AD. They also estimated maximum cross country speed for the 542 AD ski to 5 m/s, compared to about 12 m/s for modern cross country skis; for long distance skiing (several hours) results were 3 and 7 m/s respectively. This corresponds to about 5 hours for the original 1206 AD Birkebeiner flight. The race starts at Rena and ends at Lillehammer ,

525-491: The other two being Birkebeinerrittet (bicycling) and Birkebeinerløpet  [ no ] (cross-country running). The race was inspired by a notable journey made by the Birkebeiner loyalists Torstein Skevla and Skjervald Skrukka to save the infant heir to the Norwegian throne , Håkon Håkonsson , in the winter of 1206. Researchers at the Manchester Metropolitan University found that

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550-462: The race is organized every year, it has occasionally been cancelled because of inappropriate conditions; in 2016 there was not enough snow, and in 2019 the temperature was below −25   °C. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 the Canadian Birkebeiner Society organized their first Virtual Canadian Birkie, which attracted over 1100 participants The traditional Canadian Birkie was cancelled due to

575-461: The starting point, 55 competitors eventually reached the finish in Lillehammer , and upon being interviewed, blasted the decision to cancel the event [1] . The race was also cancelled in 2014, only 15 minutes before the start due to high winds of 15 m/s. Despite the cancellation, thousands of skiers completed the route from Rena to Lillehammer (and from Lillehammer to Rena) and criticized

600-519: The traditional dating of the Battle of Hafrsfjord , after which victorious King Harald Fairhair merged several petty kingdoms into that of his father. Named after the homonymous geographical region , Harald's realm was later to be known as the Kingdom of Norway . Traditionally established in 872 and existing continuously for over 1,100 years, the Kingdom of Norway is one of the oldest states of Europe : King Harald V , who has reigned since 1991,

625-434: Was only briefly in use. The last king to use the by the grace of God style was Haakon VII , who died in 1957. The King's title today is formally Norges Konge ("Norway's King"), with the style "His Majesty". For lists of the prehistoric kings of Norway see List of legendary kings of Norway Besides becoming sole king after his father Harold's death, Eric Bloodaxe was king jointly with his father for three years before

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