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38-606: Canberra Hospital is a public hospital located in Garran , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory . It is the largest district general hospital in the region with 672 beds catering to a population of about 550,000. It was formed when the Woden Valley Hospital and the Royal Canberra Hospital were amalgamated in 1991, and was renamed Canberra Hospital in 1996. It is the main teaching hospital for

76-411: A food web based on as-yet-undiscovered detritivores and grazers on micro-organisms. Millipedes from Cowie Formation such as Cowiedesmus and Pneumodesmus were considered as the oldest millipede from the middle Silurian at 428–430 million years ago, although the age of this formation is later reinterpreted to be from the early Devonian instead by some researchers. Regardless, Pneumodesmus

114-745: A government school, Garran Primary; a special school for the intellectually disabled , Malkara School and a Catholic school, Sts. Peter & Paul Primary School. Silurian One important event in this period was the initial establishment of terrestrial life in what is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution : vascular plants emerged from more primitive land plants, dikaryan fungi started expanding and diversifying along with glomeromycotan fungi, and three groups of arthropods ( myriapods , arachnids and hexapods ) became fully terrestrialized. Another significant evolutionary milestone during

152-519: A high degree of development in relation to the age of its fossil remains. Fossils of this plant have been recorded in Australia, Canada, and China. Eohostimella heathana is an early, probably terrestrial, "plant" known from compression fossils of Early Silurian (Llandovery) age. The chemistry of its fossils is similar to that of fossilised vascular plants, rather than algae. Fossils that are considered as terrestrial animals are also known from

190-490: A large ocean occupied most of the northern half of the globe. The high sea levels of the Silurian and the relatively flat land (with few significant mountain belts) resulted in a number of island chains, and thus a rich diversity of environmental settings. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian icecaps were less extensive than those of

228-423: A minor mass extinction and associated with rapid sea-level change. Each one leaves a similar signature in the geological record, both geochemically and biologically; pelagic (free-swimming) organisms were particularly hard hit, as were brachiopods , corals , and trilobites , and extinctions rarely occur in a rapid series of fast bursts. The climate fluctuations are best explained by a sequence of glaciations, but

266-704: A multi-storey car park to the south of the Canberra Region Cancer Centre between Bateson Road and Hospital Road. Transport Canberra buses also serve Canberra Hospital from the Woden Bus Station, and interstate coach services are available to Queanbeyan and Yass. Garran, Australian Capital Territory Garran is a suburb in the Woden district of Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory . Garran

304-525: A second supercontinent known as Euramerica . When the proto-Europe collided with North America, the collision folded coastal sediments that had been accumulating since the Cambrian off the east coast of North America and the west coast of Europe. This event is the Caledonian orogeny , a spate of mountain building that stretched from New York State through conjoined Europe and Greenland to Norway. At

342-546: Is meant to be complete in August 2024. Canberra Hospital provides a wide range of services across more than 25 buildings on its campus, including acute inpatient and day services, outpatient services, women's and children's services, paediatrics and pathology. A hospital campus map of the Canberra Hospital is available online. Free public parking is available in numerous locations across the hospital campus including

380-561: Is still an important fossil as the oldest definitive evidence of spiracles to breath in the air. The first bony fish, the Osteichthyes , appeared, represented by the Acanthodians covered with bony scales. Fish reached considerable diversity and developed movable jaws , adapted from the supports of the front two or three gill arches. A diverse fauna of eurypterids (sea scorpions)—some of them several meters in length—prowled

418-724: The Australian National University Medical School. It is also a teaching hospital for the University of Canberra 's School of Nursing. Furthermore, the hospital has strong links with the John Curtin School of Medical Research . The hospital is also a major regional centre for Clinical Pastoral Education , offering courses through the Canberra and Region Centre for Spiritual Care and Clinical Pastoral Education in association with

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456-616: The Silurian Age. Deakin volcanics purple and green tuff is under the Canberra hospital, around Ingamells Street in the north and the base of Davidson Hill. Deakin Volcanics coarse dark purple rhyodacite is under Fitchett Street and Couvreur Street areas. Deakin Volcanics green grey and purple rhyodacite is in the centre and south of Garran. The Canberra Hospital is located in Garran. The suburb also contains three primary schools:

494-580: The South Pole until they almost disappeared in the middle of Silurian. Layers of broken shells (called coquina ) provide strong evidence of a climate dominated by violent storms generated then as now by warm sea surfaces. The climate and carbon cycle appear to be rather unsettled during the Silurian, which had a higher frequency of isotopic excursions (indicative of climate fluctuations) than any other period. The Ireviken event , Mulde event , and Lau event each represent isotopic excursions following

532-679: The Sydney College of Divinity and New South Wales College of Clinical Pastoral Education . In May 1914 the Canberra Community Hospital, the first hospital for Canberra, was opened in Balmain Crescent, Acton with eight beds. Tents were used to supplement the isolation ward. There were no obstetric facilities and obstetrics patients had to travel to the Queanbeyan hospital. In 1943 a new hospital

570-588: The superseded buildings on the Acton peninsula were demolished by implosion , killing a 12-year-old girl named Katie Bender who was hit by flying debris. In 2010, the second operating theatre in Australia capable of performing intraoperative MRI scanning during surgery was completed. In July 2022, construction commenced for the Surgical Procedures, Interventional Radiology and Emergency (SPIRE) Centre, with an estimated $ 661 million cost. The construction

608-683: The Llandovery and Wenlock. Trilobites started to recover in the Rhuddanian, and they continued to enjoy success in the Silurian as they had in the Ordovician despite their reduction in clade diversity as a result of LOME. The Early Silurian was a chaotic time of turnover for crinoids as they rediversified after LOME. Members of Flexibilia, which were minimally impacted by LOME, took on an increasing ecological prominence in Silurian seas. Monobathrid camerates, like flexibles, diversified in

646-490: The Llandovery, whereas cyathocrinids and dendrocrinids diversified later in the Silurian. Scyphocrinoid loboliths suddenly appeared in the terminal Silurian, shortly before the Silurian-Devonian boundary, and disappeared as abruptly as they appeared very shortly after their first appearance. Endobiotic symbionts were common in the corals and stromatoporoids. Rugose corals especially were colonised and encrusted by

684-596: The Order in which the Older Sedimentary Strata Succeed each other in England and Wales, which was the germ of the modern geological time scale . As it was first identified, the "Silurian" series when traced farther afield quickly came to overlap Sedgwick's "Cambrian" sequence, however, provoking furious disagreements that ended the friendship. The English geologist Charles Lapworth resolved

722-475: The Silures show little correlation ( cf . Geologic map of Wales , Map of pre-Roman tribes of Wales ), Murchison conjectured that their territory included Caer Caradoc and Wenlock Edge exposures - and that if it did not there were plenty of Silurian rocks elsewhere 'to sanction the name proposed'. In 1835 the two men presented a joint paper, under the title On the Silurian and Cambrian Systems, Exhibiting

760-486: The Silurian was the diversification of jawed fish , which include placoderms , acanthodians (which gave rise to cartilaginous fish ) and osteichthyan ( bony fish , further divided into lobe-finned and ray-finned fishes )， although this corresponded to sharp decline of jawless fish such as conodonts and ostracoderms . The Silurian system was first identified by the Scottish geologist Roderick Murchison , who

798-518: The Silurian. The definitive oldest record of millipede ever known is Kampecaris obanensis and Archidesmus sp. from the late Silurian (425 million years ago) of Kerrera . There are also other millipedes, centipedes , and trigonotarbid arachnoids known from Ludlow (420 million years ago). Predatory invertebrates would indicate that simple food webs were in place that included non-predatory prey animals. Extrapolating back from Early Devonian biota, Andrew Jeram et al. in 1990 suggested

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836-650: The Tethys, the Proto-Tethys and Paleo-Tethys , the Rheic Ocean , the Iapetus Ocean (a narrow seaway between Avalonia and Laurentia), and the newly formed Ural Ocean . The Silurian period was once believed to have enjoyed relatively stable and warm temperatures, in contrast with the extreme glaciations of the Ordovician before it and the extreme heat of the ensuing Devonian; however, it is now known that

874-482: The Woden Valley Hospital opened and the first patients were admitted. In 1979 the Canberra Community Hospital was renamed the Royal Canberra Hospital. Services were transferred to the Woden Valley Hospital when the Royal Canberra Hospital closed on 27 November 1991. In 1996 Woden Valley Hospital was renamed Canberra Hospital and its first IVF baby was born on 26 December 1996. On 13 July 1997

912-497: The conflict by defining a new Ordovician system including the contested beds. An alternative name for the Silurian was "Gotlandian" after the strata of the Baltic island of Gotland . The French geologist Joachim Barrande , building on Murchison's work, used the term Silurian in a more comprehensive sense than was justified by subsequent knowledge. He divided the Silurian rocks of Bohemia into eight stages. His interpretation

950-459: The edge of the continental shelf) can be identified, and the highest Silurian sea level was probably around 140 metres (459 ft) higher than the lowest level reached. During this period, the Earth entered a warm greenhouse phase, supported by high CO 2 levels of 4500 ppm, and warm shallow seas covered much of the equatorial land masses. Early in the Silurian, glaciers retreated back into

988-461: The end of the Silurian, sea levels dropped again, leaving telltale basins of evaporites extending from Michigan to West Virginia, and the new mountain ranges were rapidly eroded. The Teays River , flowing into the shallow mid-continental sea, eroded Ordovician Period strata, forming deposits of Silurian strata in northern Ohio and Indiana. The vast ocean of Panthalassa covered most of the northern hemisphere. Other minor oceans include two phases of

1026-509: The first deep-boring bivalves are known from this period. Chitons saw a peak in diversity during the middle of the Silurian. Hederelloids enjoyed significant success in the Silurian, with some developing symbioses with the colonial rugose coral Entelophyllum . The Silurian was a heyday for tentaculitoids , which experienced an evolutionary radiation focused mainly in Baltoscandia, along with an expansion of their geographic range in

1064-695: The first period to see megafossils of extensive terrestrial biota in the form of moss -like miniature forests along lakes and streams and networks of large, mycorrhizal nematophytes , heralding the beginning of the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution. However, the land fauna did not have a major impact on the Earth until it diversified in the Devonian. The first fossil records of vascular plants , that is, land plants with tissues that carry water and food, appeared in

1102-451: The global climate underwent many drastic fluctuations throughout the Silurian, evidenced by numerous major carbon and oxygen isotope excursions during this geologic period. Sea levels rose from their Hirnantian low throughout the first half of the Silurian; they subsequently fell throughout the rest of the period, although smaller scale patterns are superimposed on this general trend; fifteen high-stands (periods when sea levels were above

1140-464: The lack of tillites in the middle to late Silurian make this explanation problematic. The Silurian period has been viewed by some palaeontologists as an extended recovery interval following the Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME), which interrupted the cascading increase in biodiversity that had continuously gone on throughout the Cambrian and most of the Ordovician. The Silurian was

1178-402: The late-Ordovician glaciation. The southern continents remained united during this period. The melting of icecaps and glaciers contributed to a rise in sea level, recognizable from the fact that Silurian sediments overlie eroded Ordovician sediments, forming an unconformity . The continents of Avalonia , Baltica , and Laurentia drifted together near the equator , starting the formation of

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1216-561: The mass extinction's aftermath, but expanded their range afterwards. The most abundant brachiopods were atrypids and pentamerides; atrypids were the first to recover and rediversify in the Rhuddanian after LOME, while pentameride recovery was delayed until the Aeronian. Bryozoans exhibited significant degrees of endemism to a particular shelf. They also developed symbiotic relationships with cnidarians and stromatolites. Many bivalve fossils have also been found in Silurian deposits, and

1254-495: The second half of the Silurian Period. The earliest-known representatives of this group are Cooksonia . Most of the sediments containing Cooksonia are marine in nature. Preferred habitats were likely along rivers and streams. Baragwanathia appears to be almost as old, dating to the early Ludlow (420 million years) and has branching stems and needle-like leaves of 10–20 centimetres (3.9–7.9 in). The plant shows

1292-516: The shallow Silurian seas and lakes of North America; many of their fossils have been found in New York state . Brachiopods were abundant and diverse, with the taxonomic composition, ecology, and biodiversity of Silurian brachiopods mirroring Ordovician ones. Brachiopods that survived the LOME developed novel adaptations for environmental stress, and they tended to be endemic to a single palaeoplate in

1330-656: Was examining fossil-bearing sedimentary rock strata in south Wales in the early 1830s. He named the sequences for a Celtic tribe of Wales, the Silures , inspired by his friend Adam Sedgwick , who had named the period of his study the Cambrian , from a Latin name for Wales. Whilst the British rocks now identified as belonging to the Silurian System and the lands now thought to have been inhabited in antiquity by

1368-700: Was named after Sir Robert Garran who made numerous contributions to the development of higher education in Canberra. The streets in Garran are named after Australian writers. The suburb was first developed in 1966 and has an area of 2.74 km . At the 2021 census , Garran had a population of 3,706 people. 61.9% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were India (6.8%) and England (3.9%). 66.8% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin (3.0%), Telugu (2.5%) and Malayalam (2.3%). The most common responses for religion were No Religion (38.5%) and Catholic (21.5%). Garran contains volcanic materials from

1406-755: Was opened on the Acton Peninsula . Construction of the building was commenced in 1940. In 1942, the United States Army Medical Corps took over construction and commissioned it as an American military hospital. It was a military hospital for only five months. In February 1943, the hospital buildings were handed over to the Canberra Hospital Board for the development of what in time became the Royal Canberra Hospital on Acton Peninsula. Woden Valley Hospital buildings were constructed between 1969 and 1973. In 1973

1444-409: Was questioned in 1854 by Edward Forbes , and the later stages of Barrande; F, G and H have since been shown to be Devonian. Despite these modifications in the original groupings of the strata, it is recognized that Barrande established Bohemia as a classic ground for the study of the earliest Silurian fossils. With the supercontinent Gondwana covering the equator and much of the southern hemisphere,

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