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112-656: The Cardston Alberta Temple (formerly the Alberta Temple ) is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Cardston , Alberta . It was the eighth temple constructed and is the sixth still in operation. The intent to build the temple was announced on October 12, 1912, by church president Joseph F. Smith , during the church's general conference . It was both the first temple built in Canada and outside
224-496: A general apostasy and maintains that it is a restoration of 1st-century Christianity and the only true and authorized Christian church. Church leaders assert it is the only true church and that other churches do not have the authority to act in Jesus' name. This, the refutation of the authority of all other Christian churches, is a doctrine common to almost all Christian churches. The church's cosmology and plan of salvation include
336-530: A belief in the Bible, the divinity of Jesus , his atonement and resurrection , and a form of apostolic succession . Nevertheless, the LDS Church differs from other churches within contemporary Christianity in other ways. Differences between the LDS Church and most of traditional Christianity include disagreement about the nature of God, belief in a theory of human salvation that includes three heavens ,
448-554: A doctrine of exaltation which includes the ability of humans to become gods and goddesses in the afterlife , a belief in continuing revelation and an open scriptural canon, and unique ceremonies performed privately in temples, such as the endowment and sealing ceremonies. A number of major Christian denominations view the LDS Church as standing apart from creedal Christianity. However, church members self-identify as Christians. The faith itself views other modern Christian faiths as having departed from true Christianity by way of
560-475: A floor area of 88,562 square feet (8,227.7 m2). Spanning an area of 81,700 square feet (7,590 m) on 10 acres of land and is constructed with white granite sourced from a quarry near Kootenai Lakes in Nelson , British Columbia . The exterior features a singular central tower with a pyramid roof, hand-shaped stone, and stained-glass windows, while the interior consists of woods and materials imported from all over
672-426: A full tithe is a requirement, regardless of one's temporal circumstances. Members are also encouraged to fast (abstain from food and drink) on the first Sunday of each month for two consecutive meals. They donate at least the cost of the two skipped meals of the fast as a "fast offering", which the church uses to assist people in need and expand its humanitarian efforts . Nelson, British Columbia Nelson
784-425: A lively nighttime street market in the heart of Nelson's downtown, happens twice each summer. The markets all offer regional farm produce, delicious foods, and a variety of locally hand-crafted products. Two local hiking trails are popular. The Pulpit Rock Trail offers a short but somewhat challenging hike that ends with a view of the city. After Pulpit Rock, the trail continues up the spine of Elephant Mountain (as
896-470: A portion of God's kingdom. According to LDS Church theology, men and women may be sealed to one another so that their marital bond continues into the eternities. Children may also be sealed to their biological or adoptive parents to form permanent familial bonds, thus allowing all immediate and extended family relations to endure past death. The most significant LDS ordinances may be performed via proxy in behalf of those who have died, such as baptism for
1008-802: A small city southwest of Nelson, were jointly voted the best ski locales in North America by the readers of California-based Powder magazine. Mountain biking is part of the local culture, and Nelson offers a wide variety of MTB-oriented trails for all experience levels. Rock climbing is also a popular summer activity. Kootenay Crag, Hall Siding, Grohman Narrows and CIC Bluffs are popular city crags. Slocan Bluffs and Kinnaird are in nearby Slocan City and Castlegar. 2003 saw bouldering take off in Nelson, with extensive new development of bouldering areas in Grohman Narrows and nearby Robson. Nelson
1120-500: Is restorationist and nontrinitarian ; the church strongly identifies as Christian including a belief in the doctrine of salvation through Jesus Christ and his substitutionary atonement on behalf of mankind. It is often included in the lists of larger Christian denominations , though some Catholics , mainline Protestants and Evangelicals have considered the church to be distinct and separate from mainstream Christianity . The church has an open canon of four scriptural texts :
1232-400: Is a central place of worship and spiritual ceremonies for members of the church. Entry into the temple is available to those who hold a valid temple recommend . The temple is used for living and proxy (acting on behalf of someone who has passed on) ordinances such as baptisms for the dead , endowment ceremonies, and sealings which are fundamental to church doctrine. Before its dedication,
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#17327929609891344-701: Is a city located in the Selkirk Mountains on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake in the Southern Interior of British Columbia , Canada. Known as "The Queen City" and acknowledged for its impressive collection of restored heritage buildings from its glory days in a regional silver rush , Nelson is one of the three cities forming the commercial and population core of the West Kootenay region, the others being Castlegar and Trail . The city
1456-541: Is a foundational sacred book for the church; the terms "Mormon" and "Mormonism" come from the book itself. The LDS Church teaches that the Angel Moroni told Smith about golden plates containing the record, guided him to find them buried in the Hill Cumorah , and provided him the means of translating them from Reformed Egyptian . It claims to give a history of the inhabitants from a now-extinct society living on
1568-649: Is also encouraged. The theology of the LDS Church consists of a combination of biblical doctrines with modern revelations and other commentary by LDS leaders, particularly Joseph Smith. The most authoritative sources of theology are the faith's canon of four religious texts, called the " standard works ". Included in the standard works are the Bible , the Book of Mormon, the D&;C and the Pearl of Great Price . The Book of Mormon
1680-542: Is also located close to Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park . On January 13, 2007, Nelson was the broadcast location for the annual Hockey Day in Canada special. Highways 3A and 6 pass through Nelson, while a scheduled commercial airline service is available at the West Kootenay Regional Airport in Castlegar, approximately 43 kilometres (27 mi) southwest of the city. Trail Airport
1792-484: Is another nearby airport, while Nelson Airport is several blocks away from downtown Nelson. Public transit in Nelson is provided by the West Kootenay Transit System , which runs several routes within the city and to neighbouring communities. Both Level 2 and Level 3 (DC fast-charging) electric vehicle charging stations have been installed in the city. A carsharing service is available in
1904-637: Is believed to bind its participant to Jesus Christ, who saves them in their imperfection if they continually keep their promises to him. Baptism is performed by immersion, and is typically administered to children starting at age eight. Church members believe that through the ordinances of temple sealing and temple endowment , anyone can reach the highest level of salvation in the celestial kingdom and eternally live in God's presence, continue as families, become gods , create worlds, and make spirit children over whom they will govern. Other ordinances performed in
2016-532: Is home to the Tenth Street and Silver King campuses of Selkirk College , which absorbed Kootenay School of the Arts as a department and was renamed Kootenay Studio Arts. Kootenay Columbia College of Integrative Health Sciences has three campuses on Baker Street in Nelson. The Nelson Daily News was a local newspaper which began publishing in 1902. In 2010, it was announced the paper would shut down following
2128-552: Is led by a president , who is considered a "prophet, seer, and revelator." Within the church, he is referred to as "the Prophet" or the "President of the Church." He is considered the only person who is authorized to receive revelation from God on behalf of the whole world or entire church. As such, the church teaches that he is essentially infallible when speaking on behalf of God—although the exact circumstances when his pronouncements should be considered authoritative are debated within
2240-597: Is responsible for the administration of its operations and spiritual guidance for both patrons and staff. The first temple president, Edward James Wood, served from 1923 to 1948. Under his leadership, the temple established itself as a center of spiritual activity and community engagement in Cardston, Alberta. As of 2022, Forast Brent Thomas is serving as temple president. Other notable temple presidents, or matrons , include Merlin R. Lybbert (1994–97); Elaine L. Jack (1997–2000); and Ardeth G. Kapp (2000–03). The temple
2352-470: Is said to occur through thoughts and feelings from the Holy Ghost , in response to prayer . Similarly, the church teaches its members may receive individual guidance and counsel from God through blessings from priesthood holders. In particular, patriarchal blessings are considered special blessings that are received only once in the recipient's life, which are recorded, transcribed, and archived. In
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#17327929609892464-615: Is the seat of the Regional District of Central Kootenay . It is represented in the provincial legislature by the riding of Nelson-Creston , and in the Parliament of Canada by the riding of Kootenay—Columbia . The city of Nelson is situated in the western Kootenay region of British Columbia, which is part of the traditional territories of the Sinixt (or Lakes) and Ktunaxa (Kutenai) peoples. Gold and silver were found in
2576-747: The Bear River Massacre , and the Black Hawk War . After Young's death in 1877, he was followed in the church presidency by John Taylor and Wilford Woodruff successively, who resisted efforts by the United States Congress to outlaw Mormon polygamous marriages. In 1878, the United States Supreme Court, in Reynolds v. United States , decreed that "religious duty" to engage in plural marriage
2688-485: The Great Depression , the church also began operating a church welfare system, and it has conducted humanitarian efforts in cooperation with other religious organizations such as Catholic Relief Services , as well as secular organizations like Care International . The church supported its members serving in the armed forces during World Wars I and II, both in the U.S. and internationally. From 1913 to 2020
2800-714: The Holy Bible , the Book of Mormon , the Doctrine and Covenants (D&C), and the Pearl of Great Price . Other than the Bible, the majority of the church canon consists of material the church's members believe to have been revealed by God to Joseph Smith, including texts described as lost parts of the Bible , and other works believed to be written by ancient prophets, including the Book of Mormon. Members adhere to church laws of sexual purity , health , fasting , and Sabbath observance , and contribute ten percent of their income to
2912-680: The LDS Church or Mormon Church , is the largest Latter Day Saint denomination . Founded by Joseph Smith during the Second Great Awakening , the church is headquartered in Salt Lake City , Utah, and has established congregations and built temples worldwide. According to the church, as of 2023, it has over 17.2 million members of which over 6.8 million live in the U.S . The church also reports over 99,000 volunteer missionaries and 350 temples . The church
3024-636: The Mormon pioneers , westward to Nebraska and then in 1847 on to what later became the Utah Territory , which at the time had been part of the lands of the Ute, Goshute, and Shoshone nations, and claimed by Mexico until 1848 . Around 80,000 settlers arrived between 1847 and 1869, who then branched out and colonized a large region now known as the Mormon Corridor . Meanwhile, efforts to globalize
3136-572: The Mountain Meadows massacre , in which leaders of a local Mormon militia ordered the massacre of a civilian emigrant party who was traveling through Utah during the escalating military tensions. After the massacre was discovered, the church became the target of significant media criticism for it. After the Army withdrew, Young agreed to step down from power and be replaced by a non-Mormon territorial governor, Alfred Cumming . Nevertheless,
3248-650: The New Jerusalem in North America, called Zion . In 1831, the church moved to Kirtland, Ohio , and began establishing an outpost in Jackson County, Missouri , where Smith planned to eventually move the church headquarters. However, in 1833, Missouri settlers violently expelled the Latter Day Saints from Jackson County . The church attempted to recover the land through a paramilitary expedition , but did not succeed. Nevertheless,
3360-749: The Parliament Buildings in Victoria, the Vancouver Provincial Courthouse , and the second Hotel Vancouver , designed chateau-style civic buildings made of granite, which stand today. By the 1900s, Nelson boasted several fine hotels, a Hudson's Bay Company store and an electric streetcar system. The local forestry and mining industries were well established. The town built its own hydroelectric generating system. English immigrants planted lakeside orchards, and Doukhobors from Russia, sponsored by Tolstoy and
3472-568: The Quakers , tilled the valley benchlands. The Doukhobor museum is located nearby, close to the neighbouring town of Castlegar. Nelson 1917-1920 used Single transferable vote (STV), a form of proportional representation, to elect its councillors. Councillors were elected in one at-large district. Each voter casts just a single vote using a ranked transferable ballot. During the Vietnam War , many American draft evaders settled in Nelson and
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3584-584: The United States . There are four temples in the province of Alberta and ten operated by the church in Canada. The temple's distinctive cross shape, one of two such temples built in this style (the other being the Laie Hawaii Temple ), and absence of spires are distinctive characteristics of the structure. The temple was crafted by Harold W. Burton and Hyrum Pope , drawing inspiration from American architect Frank Lloyd Wright . Their design
3696-575: The primitive Church of Christ. This restoration is associated with a number of events which are understood to have been necessary to re-establish the early Christian church found in the New Testament , and to prepare the earth for the Second Coming of Jesus. In particular, Latter-day Saints believe that angels appeared to Joseph Smith and a limited number of his associates, and bestowed various priesthood authorities on them. The church
3808-455: The resurrection of Jesus . On June 27, 1844, Smith and his brother, Hyrum , were killed by a mob in Carthage, Illinois , while being held on charges of treason. Because Hyrum was Joseph's designated successor, their deaths caused a succession crisis , and Brigham Young assumed leadership over a majority of the church's membership. Young had been a close associate of Smith's and
3920-470: The American continent and their distinct Judeo-Christian teachings. The Book of Mormon is very important to modern Latter-day Saints, who consider it the world's most correct text. The Bible, also part of the church's canon, is believed to be the word of God—subject to an acknowledgment that its translation may be incorrect, or that authoritative sections may have been lost over the centuries. Most often,
4032-489: The Church Historic Landmark list. The temple received the “Cardston Beautiful Annual Beautification Award” in 2010, a local award for making the city more beautiful. Stan Johnson, a previous mayor of Cardston (and as of 2010, a counselor in the temple presidency), said the award was “a tremendous contribution that (was) made to the overall beautification of our community by the temple.” In 2020, like all
4144-409: The Church distances itself from them. During the 20th century, the church grew substantially and became an international organization. In 2000, the church reported over 60,000 missionaries and global church membership stood at just over 11 million. Nominal worldwide membership surpassed 16 million in 2018. Slightly under half of church membership lives within the U.S. Academics have called
4256-660: The Church of Jesus Christ , based in Monongahela, Pennsylvania . Like the LDS Church, these faiths believe in Joseph Smith as a prophet and founder of their religion. They also accept the Book of Mormon, and most accept at least some version of the Doctrine and Covenants . However, they tend to disagree to varying degrees with the LDS Church concerning doctrine and church leadership. For two years after Smith's death, conflicts escalated between Mormons and other Illinois residents. Brigham Young led his followers, later called
4368-642: The Father and his son, Jesus Christ, are separate beings with bodies of flesh and bone, while the Holy Ghost lacks such a physical body. According to statements by church leaders, God sits at the head of the human family and is married to a Heavenly Mother , who is the mother of human spirits. However, church leaders have also categorically discouraged prayers to her and counseled against speculation regarding her. Church members believe in Jesus Christ as
4480-420: The Father, thus allowing the children of God to become divine beings—that is, gods—themselves. This view on the doctrine of theosis is also referred to as becoming a "joint-heir with Christ". The process by which this is accomplished is called exaltation, a doctrine which includes the reunification of the mortal family after the resurrection and the ability to have spirit children in the afterlife and inherit
4592-616: The Kootenay Country Co-op is "the largest independent member-owned natural food store in Canada and a respected player nationally in organic retail circles." The Save-On-Foods in Nelson is that company's leading store for organic and natural foods. The Nelson Brewing Company is a microbrewery in Nelson. Nelson is noted as a cultural centre. Nelson has benefited from art education opportunities for many decades. While high-school-level art classes had always existed, in 1960, art instruction became more centralized when
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4704-470: The LDS Church still wielded significant political power in the Utah Territory. Coterminously, tensions between Mormon settlers and Indigenous tribes continued to escalate as settlers began colonizing a growing area of tribal lands. While Mormons and Indigenous peoples made attempts at peaceful coexistence, skirmishes ensued from about 1849 to 1873 culminating in the armed conflicts of Walkara's War ,
4816-527: The Lord had revealed to him, to allow righteous people to become gods in the afterlife, and a secular institution to govern the Millennial kingdom. He also introduced the church to a full accounting of his First Vision , in which he claimed that two heavenly "personages" appeared to him at age 14. This vision would come to be regarded by the LDS Church as the most important event in human history since
4928-793: The Missouri settlers. Believing the Latter Day Saints to be an insurrection, the Missouri governor ordered that they be " exterminated or driven from the State ". In 1839, the Latter Day Saints converted a swampland on the banks of the Mississippi River into Nauvoo, Illinois , which became the church's new headquarters. Nauvoo grew rapidly as missionaries sent to Europe and elsewhere gained new converts who flooded into Nauvoo. Meanwhile, Smith introduced polygamy to his closest associates. He also established ceremonies , which he stated
5040-748: The Pearl of Great Price. Another source of authoritative doctrine is the pronouncements of the current Apostles and members of the First Presidency. The church teaches that the First Presidency and the Quorum of Twelve Apostles are prophets and that they are therefore authorized teachers of God's word. In addition to doctrine given by the church as a whole, individual members of the church believe that they can also receive personal revelation from God in conducting their lives, and in revealing truth to them, especially about spiritual matters. Generally, this
5152-402: The area as refugees and established a settlement at Lee Creek, Alberta, now Cardston. A tabernacle was built to support the church's membership expansion. Cardston was chosen for the site to construct a temple in Canada. Since the church already owned the land where the tabernacle stood, the decision was made to dismantle it and build the temple in its place. The temple has made an impact on both
5264-610: The area in 1867. Following the discovery of silver at nearby Toad Mountain in 1886, the town's population quickly expanded, leading to incorporation in 1897. Two railways were built to pass through Nelson. Due to its location near transportation corridors, Nelson grew to supply the local mining activity and soon became the region's transportation and distribution centre. Nelson was named in 1888 after Hugh Nelson , then Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. Francis Rattenbury , an architect most noted in British Columbia for
5376-574: The belief in a Godhead composed of God the Father , his son, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost as three separate persons who share a unity of purpose or will; however, they are viewed as three distinct beings. This is in contrast with the predominant Christian view, which holds that God is a Trinity of three distinct persons in one essence . The Latter-day Saint conception of the Godhead is similar to what contemporary Christian theologians call social trinitarianism . The church also believes that God
5488-486: The bonds of matrimony", and that successful marriages and happy families are most likely established when founded upon the teachings of Jesus Christ. The proclamation also promotes specific roles essential to maintaining the strength of the family unit—the traditional roles of a husband and father as the family's breadwinner and those of a wife and mother as a nurturing caregiver. It concludes by inviting its audience to "promote those measures designed to maintain and strengthen
5600-438: The buildings to their original brilliance. Local designer Bob Inwood, one of Nelson's many American immigrants, played a significant role as a consultant. By 1985, Baker Street was completely transformed. Affirmation of the street's success came in 1986 when Steve Martin chose to produce his feature film Roxanne primarily in Nelson, using the local fire hall as a primary set and many historic locations for others. More broadly,
5712-468: The church as the Church of Christ , on April 6, 1830, in western New York ; the church's name was later changed to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Initial converts were drawn to the church in part because of the newly published Book of Mormon , a self-described chronicle of Indigenous American prophets that Smith said he had translated from golden plates . Smith intended to establish
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#17327929609895824-559: The church began in earnest around this time, with missionaries being sent off to the Sandwich Islands (present-day Hawaii ), India , Chile , Australia , China , South Africa , and all over Europe. Young incorporated the LDS Church as a legal entity, and initially governed both the church and the state as a theocratic leader. He also publicized the practice of plural marriage in 1852. Modern research suggests that around 20 percent of Mormon families may have participated in
5936-610: The church flourished in Kirtland as Smith published new revelations and the church built the Kirtland Temple , culminating in a dedication of the building similar to the day of Pentecost . The Kirtland era ended in 1838, after a financial scandal rocked the church and caused widespread defections. Smith regrouped with the remaining church in Far West, Missouri , but tensions soon escalated into violent conflicts with
6048-497: The church has responded to various challenges to its doctrine and authority. Challenges have included rising secularization , challenges to the correctness of the translation of the Book of Abraham , and primary documents forged by Mark Hofmann purporting to contradict important aspects of official early church history. The church's positions regarding women , Black people , and homosexuality have all been publicly criticized during this timeframe. LDS Church theology includes
6160-418: The church in tithing . The church teaches ordinances through which adherents make covenants with God, including baptism , confirmation , the sacrament , priesthood ordination, endowment and celestial marriage . Members of the church, known as Latter-day Saints or informally as Mormons , believe that the church president is a modern-day " prophet, seer, and revelator " and that Jesus Christ, under
6272-518: The church include confirmation , the sacrament (analogous to the Eucharist or holy communion), and priesthood ordination. The LDS Church asks its members to adhere to a dietary code called the Word of Wisdom, in which they abstain from the consumption of alcohol, coffee, tea, tobacco, and illicit or harmful substances. The Word of Wisdom also encourages the consumption of herbs and grains along with
6384-424: The church itself. The physical establishment of the church by Smith in 1830 is seen as simply the reestablishment of the same primitive church that existed under Jesus and his Apostles. Similarly, the church teaches that Jesus leads the church presently through its apostles and prophets, especially its current president. The LDS Church shares various teachings with other branches of Christianity. These include
6496-425: The church teaches this atonement began in the garden of Gethsemane and continued to his crucifixion (rather than the orthodox belief that the crucifixion alone was the physical atonement). The church also teaches that Jesus appeared to other peoples after his death, including spirits of the dead in the spirit world, and Indigenous Americans. The church also teaches that Jesus is the true founder and leader of
6608-567: The church uses the Authorized King James Version . Two extended portions of the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible have been canonized and are thus considered authoritative. Additionally, over 600 of the more doctrinally significant verses from the translation are included as excerpts in the current LDS Church edition of the Bible. Other revelations from Smith are found in the D&C, and in
6720-578: The church was a major sponsor of Scouting programs for boys, particularly in the United States. The LDS Church was the largest chartered organization in the Boy Scouts of America , but in 2020, the church ended its relationship with the BSA and began an alternate, religion-centered youth program, which replaced all other youth programs. During the second half of the 20th century and early 21st,
6832-506: The church's growth, first throughout the Intermountain West , and more recently as a national and international organization. The church has been criticized throughout its history. Modern criticism includes disputes over the church's historical claims, treatment of minorities, and finances . The church's practice of polygamy was controversial until it was curtailed in 1890 and officially rescinded in 1904 . Church theology
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#17327929609896944-467: The church's other temples, the temple was closed for a time in response to the COVID-19 pandemic . The architectural style of the temple is characterized by a fusion of Grecian and subtle Peruvian influences, resembling designs of Aztec temples with traditional temple designs by the church. Its architecture reflects both the cultural heritage of the town of Cardston and the spiritual significance of
7056-443: The church, an ordinance is a sacred rite or ceremony that has spiritual and symbolic meanings, and acts as a means of conveying divine grace . Ordinances are physical acts which signify or symbolize an underlying spiritual act; for some ordinances, the spiritual act is the finalization of a covenant between the ordinance recipient and God . Ordinances are generally performed under priesthood authority. The ordinance of baptism
7168-596: The church. In any case, modern declarations with broad doctrinal implications are often issued by joint statement of the First Presidency ; they may be joined by the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles as well. Church members believe Joseph Smith was the first modern-day prophet. Normally, the Prophet and two other ordained apostles he chooses as counselors form the First Presidency, the presiding body of
7280-456: The church. Inspired by the designs of architect Frank Lloyd Wright, the temple embodies a fusion of Mayan -Aztec and Prairie School architectural styles. At the time, the temple was unique, due to it not needing a large assembly hall. The Deseret Evening News said that the inside design would have similarities with contemporary temples, but “outside it is totally unlike any of them.” The temple has four ordinance rooms, five sealing rooms, and
7392-417: The church. Women are not ordained to the priesthood but occupy leadership roles in some church organizations . Both men and women may serve as missionaries . The church maintains a large missionary program that proselytizes and conducts humanitarian services worldwide. The church also funds and participates in humanitarian projects independent of its missionary efforts. Joseph Smith formally organized
7504-401: The church; twelve other apostles form the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. When a president dies, his successor is chosen from the remaining apostles, and is invariably the longest-tenured of the group. Apostles are chosen by the church president after the death of an existing apostle. Following the death of church president Thomas S. Monson on January 2, 2018, senior apostle Russell M. Nelson
7616-577: The cultural landscape and the local community. Since its establishment in 1913, the temple has been a place of worship for members of the church, while also representing the history of the pioneers who settled the area. At the time, the temple symbolized growth and expansion of the church beyond the United States. The temple and its surrounding grounds often serve as a gathering place for various community events, including open houses, weddings, church activities, worshiping God, and performing ordinances and ceremonies members consider sacred. These events highlight
7728-444: The dead . The church teaches that all will have the opportunity to hear and accept or reject the gospel of Jesus Christ, either in this life or the next. Within church cosmology, the fall of Adam and Eve is seen positively. The church teaches that it was essential to allow humankind to experience separation from God, to exercise full agency in making decisions for their own happiness. The LDS Church teaches that, subsequent to
7840-438: The death of Jesus and his original apostles, his church, along with the authority to act in Jesus Christ's name and the church's attendant spiritual gifts, were lost , due to a combination of external persecutions and internal heresies. The "Restoration"—as begun by Joseph Smith and embodied in the church itself—refers to a return of the authentic priesthood power, spiritual gifts , ordinances, living prophets and revelation of
7952-471: The denomination a Restorationist church, a new religious movement , and a potential world religion . The church has become a strong proponent of the nuclear family and at times played a prominent role in political matters, including opposition to MX Peacekeeper missile bases in Utah and Nevada , the Equal Rights Amendment , legalized gambling, same-sex marriage , and physician-assisted death . A number of official changes have taken place to
8064-605: The design are symbolic elements from the Bible , which provide deeper spiritual meaning to the temple's appearance and function. Symbolism is an important subject to members of the church. The temple is situated on top of a small hill with prairies. The landscaping around the temple features large trees, flower gardens, and paved walkways surrounding the temple. The temple has undergone two major renovations to preserve its structural integrity, update facilities, and enhance its spiritual and aesthetic appeal. The most significant renovation project commenced in 1988. The renovations ensured
8176-683: The design of the time, Nelson merchants 'modernized' their buildings with aluminum siding. In the early 1980s, Nelson suffered a devastating economic downturn when the local Kootenay Forest Products sawmill was closed. Downtown merchants were already suffering from the opening of a large, regional shopping centre on Nelson's central waterfront, the Chahko Mika Mall. At the time, Victoria and Vancouver were experimenting with historical restorations of their oldest areas, with some success. To save downtown and Baker Street from blight, Nelson quickly followed suit, stripping aluminum facades and restoring
8288-410: The direction of God the Father , leads the church by revealing his will and delegating his priesthood keys to its president. The president heads a hierarchical structure descending from areas to stakes and wards . The church has a volunteer clergy at the local and regional levels; wards are led by bishops . Male members may be ordained to the priesthood , provided they are living the standards of
8400-399: The doctrines of a pre-existence , an earthly mortal existence, three degrees of heaven and exaltation. According to these doctrines, every human spirit is a spiritual child of a Heavenly Father and each has the potential to continue to learn, grow, and progress in the eternities, eventually achieving eternal life, which is to become one with God in the same way that Jesus Christ is one with
8512-447: The family as the fundamental unit of society". Senior church leaders have continued to emphasize conservative teachings on marriage and gender to the present time. LDS Church members are encouraged to set aside one evening each week, typically Monday, to spend together in " Family Home Evening " (FHE), which typically consists of gathering as a family to study the faith's gospel principles, and other family activities. Daily family prayer
8624-605: The final two years dedicated to interior furnishing and preparation for public use. As construction began, the Relief Society General Board started a penny subscription. They saved a penny each week, allowing them to contribute more than $ 13,000 to the construction of the Cardston Alberta and Laie Hawaii temples. The temple was dedicated on August 26, 1923, by church president Heber J. Grant . The site expanded to more than 10 acres (4.0 ha) in
8736-511: The forbidding of coffee, tea, tobacco, and alcohol, but not the other guidelines concerning meat, grains, and herbs. In 2019, the church further clarified through its New Era magazine that the usage of marijuana and opioids is prohibited except as prescribed by a competent physician for medical purposes. Church members are expected to follow a moral code called the law of chastity, which prohibits adultery , homosexual behavior, and sexual relations before or outside of marriage. As part of
8848-733: The former Notre Dame buildings. The independent artists-run Oxygen Art Centre was developed by the Nelson Fine Art Centre Society (founded in 2002) by former writing and visual art faculty from the Kootenay School of the Arts. In 2005, the Society opened the Oxygen Art Centre in downtown Nelson, offering classes, exhibitions, and residencies. The Nelson Museum, Archives & Gallery provides gallery space for travelling exhibitions, and work by some of
8960-564: The importance of a heterosexual, nuclear family. The proclamation defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman and stated that the family unit is "central to the Creator's plan for the eternal destiny of His children." The document further says that " gender is an essential characteristic of individual premortal , mortal, and eternal identity and purpose," that the father and mother have differing roles as "equal partners" in raising children, that "children are entitled to birth within
9072-434: The law of chastity, the church strongly opposes pornography, and considers masturbation an immoral act. Law of chastity violations can be grounds for church discipline ; resulting penalties may include having access to the temple and sacrament revoked, as well as excommunication. The church discourages romantic dating until around the age of 16. Church members are expected to donate one-tenth of their income to support
9184-474: The literal Son of God and Messiah , his crucifixion as a conclusion of a sin offering , and his subsequent resurrection . However, Latter-day Saints reject the ecumenical creeds and the definition of the Trinity . Jesus is also seen as the elder brother of all who live in this world. The church teaches that Jesus performed a substitutionary atonement ; in contrast with other Christian denominations,
9296-474: The locals call it) to more postcard views and eventually to the radio towers visible everywhere in the city. Hikers venturing beyond Pulpit Rock should have essential wilderness gear and exercise common sense. Public access to the Pulpit Rock trail has been restored with the opening, in the spring of 2009, of a new access point several hundred metres west of the old trailhead, which was on private land. In
9408-405: The mid-1950s. An addition was dedicated on July 2, 1962, by Hugh B. Brown . The first temple president was Edward J. Wood , who served from 1923 to 1948. The temple was renovated in the 1990s, with Gordon B. Hinckley rededicating it on June 22, 1991. In 1992, the temple was designated a National Historic Site by Parks Canada. A plaque at the temple shows this designation. The temple is also on
9520-445: The moderate consumption of meat. When Joseph Smith published the Word of Wisdom in 1833, it was considered only advice; violation did not restrict church membership. During the 1890s, though, church leaders started emphasizing the Word of Wisdom more. In 1921, church president Heber J. Grant made obeying the Word of Wisdom a requirement to engage in worship inside of the faith's temples. From that time, church leadership has emphasized
9632-423: The night. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Nelson had a population of 11,106 living in 4,948 of its 5,314 total private dwellings, a change of 5.1% from its 2016 population of 10,572. With a land area of 11.93 km (4.61 sq mi), it had a population density of 930.9/km (2,411.1/sq mi) in 2021. Nelson's poverty rate has been ascertained to be more than twice
9744-736: The operations of the church. After initially relying on a communal lifestyle known as the law of consecration throughout most of the 1830s, the church created the law of tithing in July 1838 when the membership was concentrated in Missouri . Church members would frequently tithe by giving ten percent of their livestock and produce; nowadays donations are generally done with money. Annual donations were estimated to total $ 7 billion to $ 33 billion USD donated in 2012 (equivalent to $ 9.3 billion to $ 43.8 billion in 2023 ). To qualify for participation in temple ordinances (which Latter-day Saints believe are necessary for their salvation), paying
9856-436: The organization during the modern era. In 1978, the church reversed its previous policy of excluding Black men of African descent from the priesthood, which had been in place since 1852; members of all races can now be ordained to the priesthood. Also, since the early 1900s, the church has instituted a Priesthood Correlation Program to centralize church operations and bring them under a hierarchy of priesthood leaders. During
9968-605: The post-secondary Nelson School of Fine Art opened. After this closed in 1977, it was succeeded in 1979 by offerings from the University of Victoria-sponsored David Thompson University Centre, located in the buildings of Nelson’s former Notre Dame University. In 1991, the Kootenay School of the Arts opened. It was an independent institution featuring fine crafts. In 2006, it was absorbed by Selkirk College and renamed Kootenay Studio Arts. In addition, Selkirk College offers another respected department, its School of Music & Media, in
10080-469: The practice. By 1857, tensions had again escalated between Mormons and other Americans, largely as a result of accusations involving polygamy and the theocratic rule of the Utah Territory by Young. The Utah Mormon War ensued from 1857 to 1858, which resulted in the relatively peaceful invasion of Utah by the United States Army . The most notable instance of violence during this conflict was
10192-637: The presidencies of the Relief Society, Young Women, and Primary, while men serve as presidents and counselors of the Sunday School and Young Men. The church and its members consider marriage and family highly important, with emphasis placed on large, nuclear families. In 1995, the church's First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve issued " The Family: A Proclamation to the World ", which asserts
10304-473: The provincial and national averages. According to the 2021 census , religious groups in Nelson included: Traditionally, the economy of Nelson and the surrounding area has been primarily resource-based (forestry, in particular). This sector still represents a component of the area’s employment. Nelson is also a provincial administrative center for the Kootenays, and several regional and district offices of
10416-426: The provincial government have been centralized in Nelson, as well as some Federal offices. Tourism has been of growing importance to the city. Many fine craftspeople live in the Nelson region, and the city’s retail sector includes outlets where they can sell their creations. In recent decades, Nelson and its region had been noted for illegal marijuana production, with The Guardian reporting in 2010 that: Nelson
10528-479: The region's artists. In 1998, Nelson was highlighted as the "Number One Small Town Arts Community in Canada" by the publisher of The 100 Best Small Arts Towns in America, and is home to a large and diverse artisan community. The annual Artwalk , a display of artwork at various venues around town, features local talent where trippers and artwalkers (as the locals call them) can get an up close and personal look at
10640-415: The renovation process, care was taken to maintain the temple's historical significance. To ensure the renovations maintained the original design ethos while incorporating modern advancements, attention was given to the architecture and refurbishment of the interior. The renovated temple was rededicated on June 22, 1991, by Gordon B. Hinckley. In 1887, Charles Ora Card and other members of the church came to
10752-648: The studios and creative processes of local artisans. July, August and September mark three months of exhibitions throughout the downtown core in a variety of galleries and local businesses. Each month has a separate grand opening (usually the first Friday evening of the month), which includes refreshments, musicians, panhandlers and artwork for locals and visitors to enjoy as they stroll through downtown Nelson. The Nelson Farmers Market located at Cottonwood Falls Park takes place every Saturday from May through October. The Downtown Farmers Market happens on Baker Street every Wednesday from June through September. Market Night,
10864-469: The surrounding area. This influx of liberal, mostly educated young people significantly impacted the area's cultural and political demographics. Nelson's mountainous geography kept growth confined to the narrow valley bottom, except for specific hillside structures such as the local High School and the former Notre Dame University College (NDU) campus. Throughout the '60s and '70s, when more prosperous cities were tearing down and rebuilding their downtowns to
10976-412: The temple was declared a National Historic Site, and a plaque was dedicated in 1995. A groundbreaking ceremony, to signify the beginning of construction, took place on November 9, 1913, with Smith presiding and was attended by local church members and community leaders. The temple faced various challenges during its construction, including delays due to World War I . Its construction took 10 years, with
11088-764: The temple was open to the public during an open house. This allowed individuals of all faiths to experience the temple's architecture and learn about the practices and beliefs of the faith. The temple was dedicated on July 27, 1913, by Joseph F. Smith. An addition was dedicated on July 2, 1962, by Hugh B. Brown, and following renovations, it was rededicated on June 22, 1991, by Gordon B. Hinckley. Temples in Alberta ( edit ) [REDACTED] = Operating [REDACTED] = Under construction [REDACTED] = Announced [REDACTED] = Temporarily Closed The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , informally known as
11200-403: The temple's compliance with contemporary building standards and accommodated the evolving needs of the church and its members. Some aspects of this modernization included updates to the electrical and mechanical systems , adding an entryway to the front of the building, and renovating the interior. These enhancements were made with consideration of its original decorating and design. Throughout
11312-442: The temple's role in fostering a sense of community and promoting mutual understanding among residents of diverse backgrounds. The government of Canada named the temple a Historic Site on September 16, 1995. Since its dedication in 1923, the temple has been overseen by a series of temple presidents and matrons. Each typically serve a term of three to five years, except the first president, who served for 25 years. The temple president
11424-1086: The town through the Kootenay Carshare Co-operative Nelson is served by the freight-only Kootenay Valley Railway , an internal business unit of the Canadian Pacific Railway . Nelson is the historic headquarters of the CPR Kootenay Division , serving as the meeting point of the CPR Boundary subdivision running towards Castlegar, BC , and the CPR Nelson subdivision running towards Cranbrook. School District 8 Kootenay Lake operates public schools in Nelson and surrounding communities. Nelson Christian Community School. NCCS. K-Gr.8 St. Joseph's Catholic School The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates one French-language school: école des Sentiers-alpins . Nelson
11536-483: The transformation marked the beginning of Nelson's ongoing transition from a resource-based town to an arts and tourism town. A walk down Baker Street through the Historic District is now one of Nelson's promoted visitor activities . Nelson has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold and snowy, while summers are warm and drier, with cool temperatures during
11648-528: The winter, skiing and snowboarding are Nelson's primary outdoor activities. Thirty minutes south of town is the Whitewater Ski Resort , which provides access (via one triple chairlift, one double chairlift, one quad chairlift, and a handle tow) to 396 vertical metres (1,299 ft) of beginner to advanced terrain. The resort also provides access to hundreds of kilometres of off-piste skiing and back-country touring. In 2012, Nelson and Rossland,
11760-410: The world, hand-painted murals , and a sculpted water feature . One of the focal points of the temple is the placement at the town’s central square, enclosed within a stone wall and views of Chief Mountain . Its octagonal shape under a pyramidal capped roof and Greek cross layout with arms facing cardinal directions are distinct features that symbolize its historical significance. Incorporated into
11872-451: Was able to make the transition from a typical rural lumber town into a thriving arts and mountain sports hotbed, due in part to the wealth generated by marijuana growers. If one were to have spent the last three years in this idyllic mountain hamlet, the economic crisis would have been barely noticeable. Nelson has several retail outlets for natural foods, including a year-round market specializing in these products. A local news source claimed
11984-564: Was admitted as a U.S. state in 1896. Relations further improved after 1904, when church president Joseph F. Smith again disavowed polygamy before the United States Congress and issued a " Second Manifesto ", calling for all plural marriages in the church to cease. Eventually, the church adopted a policy of excommunicating its members found practicing polygamy. Some fundamentalist groups with relatively small memberships have broken off and continue to practice polygamy, but
12096-543: Was announced as president on January 16. The general authorities of the church consist of the First Presidency, Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, first two Quorums of Seventy and the Presiding Bishopric . And under the leadership of the general officers are five organizations: the Relief Society , Sunday School , Young Women , Young Men , and Primary . Women serve as presidents and counselors in
12208-473: Was founded as the Church of Christ in western New York , in 1830 by Smith. Under his leadership, the church's headquarters moved successively to Ohio , Missouri , and Illinois . After Smith's 1844 death and a resultant succession crisis , the majority of his followers sided with Brigham Young , who led the church to its current headquarters in Salt Lake City. Young and his successors continued
12320-461: Was not a valid defense to prosecutions for violating state laws against polygamy. Conflict between Mormons and the U.S. government escalated to the point that, in 1890, Congress disincorporated the LDS Church and seized most of its assets. Soon thereafter, Woodruff issued a manifesto that officially suspended the performance of new polygamous marriages in the United States. Relations with the United States markedly improved after 1890, such that Utah
12432-684: Was the president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the church. Other splinter groups followed other leaders around this time. These groups have no affiliation with the LDS Church, however they share a common heritage in their early church history. Collectively, they are called the Latter Day Saint movement. The largest of these smaller groups is the Community of Christ , based in Independence, Missouri , followed by
12544-400: Was unique in use of geometric decorative elements, and with integration of the surrounding natural environment. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on November 9, 1913. The intent to construct the temple was announced by church president Joseph F. Smith on October 12, 1912. It was built on an eight-acre plot named Tabernacle Block, which was given to the church by Charles Ora Card . In 1992,
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