Primary health care ( PHC ) is a whole-of-society approach to effectively organise and strengthen national health systems to bring services for health and wellbeing closer to communities.
40-485: [REDACTED] Look up Care , care , -care , carer , or caring in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Care may refer to: Organizations and projects [ edit ] CARE (New Zealand) , Citizens Association for Racial Equality, a former New Zealand organisation CARE (England) West Midlands, Central Accident Resuscitation Emergency team,
80-547: A term in Heideggerian terminology Cura (mythology) or Care, figure in ancient Roman Fabulae of Hyginus Duty of care , a legal obligation in tort law Ethics of care , a normative ethical theory Theology of relational care , a theology of understanding how contemporary followers of Jesus can relate to others Vulnerability and Care Theory of Love , the view that care is an integral part of romantic love Social concepts [ edit ] Child care ,
120-486: A term in Heideggerian terminology Cura (mythology) or Care, figure in ancient Roman Fabulae of Hyginus Duty of care , a legal obligation in tort law Ethics of care , a normative ethical theory Theology of relational care , a theology of understanding how contemporary followers of Jesus can relate to others Vulnerability and Care Theory of Love , the view that care is an integral part of romantic love Social concepts [ edit ] Child care ,
160-570: A 2000 British television crime drama film "Care", a 2001 episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit "Care" ( Law & Order: UK ) , the 2009 premiere episode of the British television series, Law & Order: UK A 2018 BBC drama co-written by Jimmy McGovern Other uses [ edit ] Cahir , a town in County Tipperary, Ireland (pronounced roughly 'care') Career Average Revalued Earnings, another name for
200-448: A 2000 British television crime drama film "Care", a 2001 episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit "Care" ( Law & Order: UK ) , the 2009 premiere episode of the British television series, Law & Order: UK A 2018 BBC drama co-written by Jimmy McGovern Other uses [ edit ] Cahir , a town in County Tipperary, Ireland (pronounced roughly 'care') Career Average Revalued Earnings, another name for
240-722: A Christian lobby group in the United Kingdom Credit Abuse Resistance Education , an American national program Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment , a 2014 ISRO experimental vehicle People with the surname [ edit ] Danny Care (soccer) (born 1974), American soccer player Danny Care (born 1987), English rugby union player Henry Care (1646–1688), English political writer and journalist Peter Care (born 1953), British film and video producer Terry John Care (born 1947), American politician Philosophy and science [ edit ] Care or Sorge ,
280-699: A NASA project concerning dust in space Christian Action Research and Education , a Christian lobby group in the United Kingdom Credit Abuse Resistance Education , an American national program Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment , a 2014 ISRO experimental vehicle People with the surname [ edit ] Danny Care (soccer) (born 1974), American soccer player Danny Care (born 1987), English rugby union player Henry Care (1646–1688), English political writer and journalist Peter Care (born 1953), British film and video producer Terry John Care (born 1947), American politician Philosophy and science [ edit ] Care or Sorge ,
320-477: A community. PHC initiatives allow for the full participation of community members in implementation and decision making. Services are provided at a cost that the community and the country can afford at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination . In other words, PHC is an approach to health beyond the traditional health care system that focuses on health equity -producing social policy. PHC includes all areas that play
360-860: A comprehensive health system and in coordination with other sectors: In sum, PHC recognizes that healthcare is not a short-lived intervention, but an ongoing process of improving people's lives and alleviating the underlying socioeconomic conditions that contribute to poor health. The principles link health, development, and advocating political interventions rather than passive acceptance of economic conditions. The primary health care approach has seen significant gains in health where applied even when adverse economic and political conditions prevail. The Alma-Ata declaration proposed PHC (Primary Health Care) goals but faced global criticism for being vague, costly, and unattainable. This led to diverse PHC approaches, including SPHC (Selective Primary Health Care), accommodating resource disparities and local health priorities After
400-443: A former New Zealand organisation CARE (England) West Midlands, Central Accident Resuscitation Emergency team, a team of doctors & paramedics CARE International , Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, an international aid and development organization Care.com , a company operating an online portal Carpet America Recovery Effort , an American carpet recycling project Charged Aerosol Release Experiment ,
440-575: A healthcare professional at the community level with community ties. Barefoot Doctors were a diverse array of village health workers who lived in rural areas and received basic healthcare training. They stressed rural rather than urban healthcare, and preventive rather than curative services. They also provided a combination of western and traditional medicines. The Barefoot Doctors had close community ties, were relatively low-cost, and perhaps most importantly they encouraged self-reliance through advocating prevention and hygiene practices. The program experienced
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#1732765959851480-416: A least-cost method. The targets and effects of selective PHC are specific and measurable. The approach aims to prevent most health and nutrition problems before they begin: Given global demographic trends, with the numbers of people age 60 and over expected to double by 2025, PHC approaches have taken into account the need for countries to address the consequences of population ageing . In particular, in
520-839: A massive expansion of rural medical services in China, with the number of Barefoot Doctors increasing dramatically between the early 1960s and the Cultural Revolution (1964-1976). Although many countries were keen on the idea of primary healthcare after the Alma Ata conference, the Declaration itself was criticized for being too “idealistic” and “having an unrealistic time table”. More specific approaches to prevent and control diseases - based on evidence of prevalence, morbidity, mortality and feasibility of control (cost-effectiveness) - were subsequently proposed. The best known model
560-629: A more economically feasible approach to PHC by only targeting specific areas of health and choosing the most effective treatment plan in terms of cost and effectiveness. One of the foremost examples of SPHC is "GOBI" (growth monitoring, oral rehydration, breastfeeding, and immunization), focusing on combating the main diseases in developing nations. GOBI is a strategy of UNICEF consisting of (and an acronym for) four low-cost, high impact, knowledge mediated measures introduced as key to halving child mortality by James P. Grant at UNICEF in 1983. The measures are: Three additional measures were introduced to
600-735: A prominent example is the Barefoot Doctors of China. The ultimate goal of primary healthcare is the attainment of better health services for all. It is for this reason that the World Health Organization (WHO), has identified five key elements to achieving this goal: Behind these elements lies a series of basic principles identified in the Alma Ata Declaration that should be formulated in national policies in order to launch and sustain PHC as part of
640-455: A role in health, such as access to health services, environment and lifestyle. Thus, primary healthcare and public health measures, taken together, may be considered as the cornerstones of universal health systems. The World Health Organization, or WHO , elaborates on the goals of PHC as defined by three major categories, "empowering people and communities, multisectoral policy and action; and primary care and essential public health functions as
680-412: A team of doctors & paramedics CARE International , Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, an international aid and development organization Care.com , a company operating an online portal Carpet America Recovery Effort , an American carpet recycling project Charged Aerosol Release Experiment , a NASA project concerning dust in space Christian Action Research and Education ,
720-506: A variety of techniques intended to reduce the cost of providing health benefits and improve the quality of care Palliative care Music [ edit ] Care (band) , a 1980s alternative rock band from Liverpool Care (How to Dress Well album) , 2016 Care (Shriekback album) , 1983 "Care", a song by Beabadoobee from Fake It Flowers , 2020 "Care", a song by Marillion from An Hour Before It's Dark , 2022 Film and television [ edit ] Care (film) ,
760-506: A variety of techniques intended to reduce the cost of providing health benefits and improve the quality of care Palliative care Music [ edit ] Care (band) , a 1980s alternative rock band from Liverpool Care (How to Dress Well album) , 2016 Care (Shriekback album) , 1983 "Care", a song by Beabadoobee from Fake It Flowers , 2020 "Care", a song by Marillion from An Hour Before It's Dark , 2022 Film and television [ edit ] Care (film) ,
800-424: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Care [REDACTED] Look up Care , care , -care , carer , or caring in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Care may refer to: Organizations and projects [ edit ] CARE (New Zealand) , Citizens Association for Racial Equality,
840-502: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Primary healthcare Primary health care enables health systems to support a person’s health needs – from health promotion to disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, palliative care and more. It is essential health care that is based on scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology. This makes universal health care accessible to all individuals and families in
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#1732765959851880-697: The career average pension model of occupational pension Continuous time Algebraic Riccati equation , a matrix equation Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement , a cordon sanitaire policy implemented in Indonesia to combat the COVID-19 pandemic See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Care All pages with titles containing Care Cair (disambiguation) Cares (disambiguation) Carle (disambiguation) Cari (disambiguation) Carre (disambiguation) Kare (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
920-584: The career average pension model of occupational pension Continuous time Algebraic Riccati equation , a matrix equation Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement , a cordon sanitaire policy implemented in Indonesia to combat the COVID-19 pandemic See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Care All pages with titles containing Care Cair (disambiguation) Cares (disambiguation) Carle (disambiguation) Cari (disambiguation) Carre (disambiguation) Kare (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
960-476: The " Alma Ata Declaration "), and became a core concept of the World Health Organization 's goal of Health for all . The Alma-Ata Conference mobilized a "Primary Health Care movement" of professionals and institutions, governments and civil society organizations, researchers and grassroots organizations that undertook to tackle the "politically, socially and economically unacceptable" health inequalities in all countries. There were many factors that inspired PHC;
1000-401: The act of caring for and supervising minor children Day care , the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's parents or legal guardians Elderly care , the fulfillment of the special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens Foster care , a system by which a certified, stand-in "parent(s)" cares for minor children or young people Health care ,
1040-401: The act of caring for and supervising minor children Day care , the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's parents or legal guardians Elderly care , the fulfillment of the special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens Foster care , a system by which a certified, stand-in "parent(s)" cares for minor children or young people Health care ,
1080-466: The community level as well as disease management strategies within health care systems . Some jurisdictions apply PHC principles in planning and managing their healthcare services for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of common mental health conditions at local clinics, and organizing the referral of more complicated mental health problems to more appropriate levels of mental health care. The Ministerial Conference, which took place in Alma Ata, made
1120-552: The core of integrated health services ." Based on these definitions, PHC cannot only help an individual after being diagnosed with a disease or disorder, but can actively contribute to preventing such issues by understanding the individual as a whole. This ideal model of healthcare was adopted in the declaration of the International Conference on Primary Health Care held in Alma Ata , Kazakhstan in 1978 (known as
1160-681: The decision that measures should be taken to support mental health in regard to primary health care. However, there was no such documentation of this event in the Alma Ata Declaration. These discrepancies caused an inability for proper funding and although was worthy of being a part of the declaration, changing it would call for another conference. Individuals with severe mental health disorders are found to live much shorter lives than those without, anywhere from ten to twenty-five-year reduction in life expectancy when compared to those without. Cardiovascular diseases in particular are one of
1200-425: The framework of their primary health care systems, under the umbrella of universal health coverage. [1] A World Report on Hearing (WRH) was published in response to the resolution (WHA70.13), to provide guidance for Member States to integrate ear and hearing care into their national health plans. The "Barefoot Doctors" of China were an important inspiration for PHC because they illustrated the effectiveness of having
1240-444: The future the majority of older people will be living in developing countries that are often the least prepared to confront the challenges of rapidly ageing societies, including high risk of having at least one chronic non-communicable disease , such as diabetes and osteoporosis and conditions like hearing loss . According to WHO, dealing with this increasing burden requires health promotion and disease prevention intervention at
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1280-415: The leading causes of death with individuals already suffering from severe mental health disorders. General health services such as PHC is one approach to integrating an improved access to such health services that could help treat already existing mental health disorders as well as prevent other disorders that could arise simultaneously as the pre-existing condition. Considering that 360 million people across
1320-459: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Care . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Care&oldid=1242938210 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
1360-459: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Care . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Care&oldid=1242938210 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
1400-488: The strategy later (though food supplementation had been used by UNICEF since its inception in 1946), leading to the acronym GOBI-FFF. These strategies focus on severe population health problems in certain developing countries, where a few diseases are responsible for high rates of infant and child mortality. Health care planning is used to see which diseases require most attention and, subsequently, which intervention can be most effectively applied as part of primary care in
1440-601: The treatment and management of illness, and the preservation of health through services offered Care of residents , care given to adults or children outside of the patient's home Home care , health care or supportive care provided in the patient's home by healthcare professionals Primary care , routine health care, usually the first provided a patient sees Primary healthcare , a series of principles geared towards making health care available Intensive care medicine , provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill Managed care ,
1480-601: The treatment and management of illness, and the preservation of health through services offered Care of residents , care given to adults or children outside of the patient's home Home care , health care or supportive care provided in the patient's home by healthcare professionals Primary care , routine health care, usually the first provided a patient sees Primary healthcare , a series of principles geared towards making health care available Intensive care medicine , provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill Managed care ,
1520-434: The world live with disabling hearing loss, including 32 million children and nearly 180 million older adults, and that chronic ear diseases, such as chronic suppurative otitis media, can lead to hearing loss and may cause life-threatening complications, the seventieth World Health Assembly on May 31, 2017 signed the resolution WHA70.13 (Agenda item 15.8) urging member states to integrate strategies for ear and hearing care within
1560-666: The year 1978 Alma Ata Conference, the Rockefeller Foundation held a conference in 1979 at its Bellagio conference center in Italy to address several concerns. Here, the idea of Selective Primary Health Care was introduced as a strategy to complement comprehensive PHC. It was based on a paper by Julia Walsh and Kenneth S. Warren entitled "Selective Primary Health Care, an Interim Strategy for Disease Control in Developing Countries". This new framework advocated
1600-693: Was the Selective PHC approach (described above). Selective PHC favoured short-term goals and targeted health investment, but it did not address the social causes of disease. As such, the SPHC approach has been criticized as not following Alma Ata's core principle of everyone's entitlement to healthcare and health system development. In Africa, the PHC system has been extended into isolated rural areas through construction of health posts and centers that offer basic maternal-child health, immunization, nutrition, first aid, and referral services. Implementation of PHC
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