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40-649: Cass Technical High School (simply referred to as Cass Tech ) is a magnet high school in Midtown Detroit , Michigan, United States. It was established in 1907 and is part of the Detroit Public Schools Community District . It is named after Lewis Cass . Until 1977, Cass was Detroit's only magnet school and the only non-neighborhood enrollment school in Detroit. It remains one of few magnet schools in Detroit. Entrance

80-554: A US district court judge required the state of Missouri to fund the creation of magnet schools in the Kansas City Public Schools to reverse the white flight that had afflicted the school district since the 1960s. The district's annual budget more than tripled in the process. The expenditure per pupil and the student-teacher ratio were the best of any major school district in the nation. Many high schools were given college-level facilities. Still, test scores in

120-601: A child centered approach." Magnet schools have been the most successful of the ideas that originated from the Open Schools movement. It was expounded in 1971 by educator Nolan Estes, superintendent of Dallas Independent School District . The Magnet Schools Assistance Program was developed in the early 1980s as a way to encourage schools to address de facto racial segregation. Funds were given to school districts that implemented voluntary desegregation plans or court orders to reduce racial isolation. From 1985 to 1999,

160-500: A diverse learning environment. Within a few years, in locations such as Richmond, Virginia , additional magnet school programs for children with special talents were developed at facilities in locations that parents would have otherwise found undesirable. That effort to both attract voluntary enrollment and achieve the desired racial balance met with considerable success and helped improve the acceptance of farther distances, hardships with transportation for extracurricular activities, and

200-651: A list that included public and private schools. In 2006, Cass represented DPS at the National Academic Games Olympics and won the Team Sweepstakes award. The school's Harp program was established in 1925. There are beginner, intermediate, advanced and jazz band classes, as well as a marching band. The CTMB (marching band), under the direction of Sharon Allen, has performed for Patti LaBelle , Sinbad, and Jay Z as well as various college and university homecomings. The marching band

240-445: A lottery among applicants. Most magnet schools concentrate on a particular discipline or area of study, while others (such as International Baccalaureate schools) have a more general focus. Magnet programs may focus on academics ( mathematics , natural sciences , and engineering ; humanities ; social sciences ; fine or performing arts ) or may focus on technical/vocational/agricultural education . Access to free transportation

280-586: A multi-use center including arts spaces, retail, and residences, but in July 2007 a fire damaged the 1922 section. The school district listed the building for demolition later that year. Demolition began in December 2010 and was completed in August 2011. At the time of demolition, the school building was approximately 830,000 square feet (77,000 m) and weighed more than 100,000 short tons (91,000 t). Over 90% of

320-475: A pattern later characterized as white flight , the hypersegregation of blacks and whites, as the latter moved to the suburbs . The first charter school, McCarver Elementary School, opened in Tacoma, Washington , in 1968. This second type of magnet can often take the form of "a school within a school," meaning that the school may have no competitive admissions for the majority of the school population, and even

360-643: A single "center," such as Skyline High School in Dallas . Other countries have similar types of schools, such as specialist schools in the United Kingdom . Most of these are academically selective. Other schools are built around elite-sporting programs or teach agricultural skills such as farming or animal husbandry. In 1965, then Vice President Hubert Humphrey came to John Bartram High School in Southwest Philadelphia to declare it

400-407: Is decentralized , some magnet schools are established by school districts and draw only from the district, while others are set up by state governments and may draw from multiple districts . Other magnet programs are within comprehensive schools , as is the case with several "schools within a school". In large urban areas, several magnet schools with different specializations may be combined into

440-483: Is a high school football program in Division 1 Public School League, representing Cass Technical High School. Cass Tech won the 2011, 2012 and 2016 MHSAA Division I state championships. Cass Tech's track and field history goes back to 1926 when Eddie Tolan and his teammate Loving won the interscholastic track meet at Northwestern University . Tolan came to be known as the "Midnight Express". He set world records in

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480-549: Is a key component in facilitating racial diversity in magnet schools. According to a survey distributed at the Magnet Schools of America's (MSA) 2008 annual meeting, in magnet schools with free transportation services, non-white students comprise almost 33% of the student body, which is higher than the 23% found in magnet schools without such services. Moreover, 11.9% of magnet schools that do not provide transportation are largely one-race, while only 6.4% of magnet schools with

520-481: Is based on test scores and middle school grades. Students are required to choose a curriculum path—roughly equivalent to a college " major " —in the ninth grade. Areas of study include among others arts and communication, business management and marketing, engineering and manufacturing, human services , and science and arts. The school was founded in 1907 on the third floor of Cass Union School on Grand Union Avenue, subsequently moving to its own wing. After that school

560-640: The 100-yard dash and 100 meters event and Olympic records in the 100 meters and 200 meters events. He was the first African-American to receive the title of the "world's fastest human" after winning gold medals in the 100 and 200 meters events at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. In March 1935, Tolan won the 75, 100 and 220-yard events at the World Professional Sprint Championships in Melbourne, Australia to become

600-701: The Cass Tech bands from 1947 through 1964. Under his baton, the concert band performed twice at the Mid-West Band and Orchestra Clinic, and played literature at a level far beyond that normally performed by a public high school band, including the Symphony in B-flat by Paul Hindemith and La Fiesta Mexicana by H. Owen Reed . The Cass Tech Technicians football team (also referred to as the Technicians)

640-488: The United States, and although there is some overlap, their origins and missions remain largely distinct. The first type of magnet school is the fully competitive admissions magnet school. These schools use competitive admissions, usually rely on a standardized assessment score, and are structured to serve and support populations that are 100% gifted and/or talented students. Schools in this group generally rank among

680-514: The application text itself. Symphony in B-flat for Band (Hindemith) Symphony in B-flat for Band was written by the German composer Paul Hindemith in 1951. It was premiered on April 5 of that year by the U.S. Army Band "Pershing's Own" with the composer conducting. The Symphony is scored for: The contrapuntal textures used by Hindemith throughout the symphony highlight many instruments individually. This writing takes advantage of

720-637: The building opened in September 1922. It had a capacity of 3,600 students and was connected to the High School of Commerce , which opened earlier the same year in Cass Tech's former building, by Victory Memorial Arch, a pedestrian bridge over Main Street that was a memorial to students killed in the war. By 1942 the school had more than 4,500 students and was the largest in Michigan. In 1985, an addition on

760-518: The country, including Ivy League representatives eager to attract the top minority applicants. However, in 2019, Cass Tech was not among the 78 Michigan high schools with the highest average SAT scores. In 2021, U.S. News ranked Cass Tech 84th among Michigan high schools, and reported a 62.9% percentile score on the SAT. In 1984, Cass Tech was honored by the U.S. Department of Education among 262 schools that should "shine as inspirational model for others,"

800-461: The first magnet school in the country. Bartram's curriculum was concentrated in the commercial field, offering commercial and business training to students from all over Philadelphia. In the United States, the term "magnet school" refers to public schools with enrichment programs that are designed to attract and serve certain targeted subgroups of potential students and their families. There are two major categories of public magnet school structures in

840-550: The first man to win both the amateur and professional world sprint championships. In his full career as a sprinter, Tolan won 300 races and lost only 7. A new campus opened in May 2005 in an adjacent lot on Grand River Avenue to the north of the original building. The former building, including the extension, was left vacant (with classroom fittings and supplies inside). The alumni association announced plans in April 2007 to renovate it as

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880-486: The magnet program itself may not have fully competitive admissions. This is consistent with the equity-based objectives of such programs. With the magnets designed to increase equity, at first school districts tried using involuntary plans which involved court-ordered attendance, the busing of children far from their homes, and building closer schools to achieve the required balance. Later, voluntary school integration plans were developed. One approach that educators within

920-517: The magnet schools did not rise; the black-white gap did not diminish; and there was less, not greater, integration. Finally, on September 20, 2011, The Missouri Board of Education voted unanimously to withdraw the district's educational accreditation status from January 1, 2012. Districts started embracing the magnet school models in the hope that their geographically open admissions would end racial segregation in "good" schools and decrease de facto segregation of schools in poorer areas. To encourage

960-502: The material in the building was recycled for other uses or as backfill. The indie rock band Mattiel 's 2017 song, "Cass Tech", laments the building's 2011 demolition. As of 2022, approximately 2,400 students attended Cass Technical High School: 583 students in the ninth grade, 637 students in the tenth grade, 606 in the eleventh grade, and 575 in the twelfth grade. In 2022 MJ Galbraith of Model D Media stated that "a sizable" group of students of Bengali heritage attend Cass Tech. Of

1000-420: The number of magnet schools has risen dramatically. Over 232 school districts housed magnet school programs in the early 1990s. By the end of the decade, nearly 1,400 magnet schools were operating across the country. Traditionally, these magnet schools are found in neighborhoods with large minority populations. They advertise their unique educational curricula in order to attract white students who do not live in

1040-571: The older term " specialized school " instead of "magnet school" to refer to them ). Another type of "magnet school" or "magnet program" emerged in the United States in the 1970s as one means of remedying racial segregation in public schools, and they were written into law in Section 5301 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Authorization. Demographic trends following the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education US Supreme Court decision revealed

1080-488: The provision of transportation are characterized as one-race schools. Such services are integral in ensuring that potential out-of-neighborhood students have access to these schools of choice. Ultimately, the presence of free transportation contributes to more integrated magnet environments. Across the country, magnet school application forms assume that its readers are proficient in reading and writing in English, understand

1120-479: The public school system came up with was open schools. During the Open Schools movement of the 1970s, several ideas designed to influence public education were put into practice, including Schools without Walls, Schools within a School, Multicultural Schools, Continuation Schools, Learning Centers, Fundamental Schools, and Magnet Schools. "These schools were characterized by parent, student, and teacher choice, autonomy in learning and pace, non-competitive evaluation, and

1160-477: The racial integration aspects, such as Capital Prep Magnet School, a high school in Hartford, Connecticut . Capital Prep, a year-round school where more than 80% of its students are black and Latino, boasts a near-0% dropout rate; 100% of its 2009 senior class was sent to a four-year college. According to the school's principal, the goal is to prepare all of its students for college. Since coming into fruition,

1200-505: The school's curriculum, and recognize what kinds of resources are offered to students at that respective school. In diverse urban contexts especially, these assumptions privilege some families over others. Parents who seek out magnet schools tend to be Asian, educated, middle-class, and English-fluent. Thus, in order to break down the racial disparities these schools were intended to dismantle, magnet school programs have to be intentional in not only their outreach efforts, but also how they create

1240-479: The separation of siblings. Even as districts such as Richmond were released from desegregation court orders, the parental selection of magnet school programs has continued to create more racially diverse schools than would have otherwise been possible. With a wide range of magnet schools available, a suitable program could be found for more children than only the "bright" ones for whom the earliest efforts were directed. Some 21st-century magnet schools have de-emphasized

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1280-407: The south side was opened, designed by Albert Kahn & Associates, which included performing arts facilities, a new pool, and a student cafeteria, and a wing of the building was remodeled for computer and business classes. Departments in the 1922 building were grouped by floor; facilities included a foundry and machine shops that were used for training by Ford outside school hours, and the auditorium

1320-421: The students attending Cass Technical High School in 2021–22, 1,832 (76.2%) of them are Black, 277 (11.5%) are Hispanic, 223 (9.3%) are Asian, 57 (2,4%) are White, 6 (0.2%) are American Indian or Alaska Native, and 9 (0.4%) are multi-racial. 65.0% of the students are female. Magnet school There are magnet schools at the elementary , middle , and high school levels. In the United States, where education

1360-469: The surrounding area. In this way, the schools act as a "magnet" pulling out-of-neighborhood students that would otherwise go to a school in their traditional attendance zone. Some magnet schools have a competitive entrance process, requiring an entrance examination , interview , or audition . Other magnet schools either select all students who apply, or use a lottery system among students who apply, while others combine elements of competitive entrance and

1400-662: The top 100 public high schools in the United States. Examples of this type of school and program include the Maine School of Science and Mathematics , Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in Virginia, The School Without Walls in the District of Columbia, and nine schools that all use competitive admissions and are overseen by the New York City Department of Education (which still uses

1440-414: The vast color palette that this combination of instruments offers. Richard Franko Goldman , a bandmaster himself and a music critic of the mid-20th century, called the piece "singularly dead". He states that composing for band is difficult because "the agglomeration of instruments is irrational and exasperating". He previously lamented that the piece falls "between the effort to be popular and obvious, and

1480-569: The voluntary desegregation, districts started developing magnet schools to draw students to specialized schools all across their districts. Each magnet school would have a specialized curriculum that would draw students based on their interests. One of the goals of magnet schools is to eliminate, reduce, and prevent minority group isolation while providing the students with a stronger knowledge of academic subjects and vocational skills. Magnet schools still continue to be models for school improvement plans and provide students with opportunities to succeed in

1520-723: Was also a part of the 2007 Orange Bowl in Miami , Florida, but was not televised. In 2008, the band performed at Texas Southern University . In 2010, the CTMB participated in Norfolk State University's Homecoming and won first place in the McDonald's Battle of the Bands. The CTMB went to the 2013 inauguration for President Barack Obama. The concert band program rose to prominence under the direction of Harry Begian , who led

1560-535: Was mostly destroyed by a fire, a building for Cass Tech was built on the site and opened in October 1912, but was soon overcrowded. A new building nearby on Second Avenue was designed in Collegiate Gothic style by Malcolmson and Higginbotham with Albert Kahn as construction architect; construction began in 1916, the cornerstone was laid in 1917, and after delays caused by World War I austerity measures,

1600-697: Was used as a practice hall by the Detroit Symphony Orchestra . The 1922 building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in March 2011. In 2008, due to declining enrollment, teacher staffing was reduced and some classes that were not very popular with students were removed. Cass offers over twenty advanced placement courses including language composition, history, chemistry, calculus, and physics. Cass Tech students' strong academic performances draw recruiters from across

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