Banalités ( French pronunciation: [banalite] ; from ban ) were, until the 18th century, restrictions in feudal tenure in France by an obligation to have peasants use the facilities of their lords. These included the required use-for-payment of the lord 's mill to grind grain , his wine press to make wine, and his oven to bake bread. Both the manorial lord's right to these dues and the banality-dues themselves are called droit de banalité . The object of this right was qualified as banal , e.g. the four banal or taureau banal .
7-517: A castellania was the smallest administrative subdivision of land in medieval Malta, Poland, Hungary and the Netherlands, signifying the territory over which the master of a castle exercised his ordinary rights . At its centre was the castle, the most important place in the castellania, administered by a castellan ( castellanus in Latin). In south-eastern France from the 11th century onwards such
14-464: A subdivision was called a castellania , a châtellenie or a mandement (from the Latin mandamentum ) and covered the administrative, military and financial functions of a territory held, exploited from and protected by a castle. In France the term mandement or châtellenie were used for a new territory which gathered around a motte and bailey castle built by a member of the rural aristocracy after
21-475: The count or prince's judicial and military rights. By extension and by tort , any owner of a castle (whether received, taken over as a fiefdom or raised on his allod ) over which a lord exercised his rights was also called a castellan. Banalit%C3%A9 The peasants could also be subjected to the banalité de tor et ver , meaning that only the lord had the right to own a bull or a boar . The deliberate mating of cattle or pigs incurred fines. The lord of
28-586: The failure of central power. They appeared very early on in the north of what is now the Drôme département, more specifically in the Romanais , which during that period was overrun by around twelve motte and bailey castles, including eight outside the ancient Carolingians districts. Over time the mandement became an admninistrative district in its own right and a name for an area. In the Romanais each mandement
35-550: The manor could also require a certain number of days each year of the peasants' forced labor . This practice of forced labor was called the corvée . In New France , the only banality was the mandatory use of the lord's mill. Similar laws, especially pertaining to mills, were common in medieval Europe and continued after the medieval period in many places (e.g., banrecht in the Netherlands, Ehaft in Germany). Free peasants and tenant farmers were obligated to take their grain to
42-416: The manorial lord's mill. In England, feudal duty obligated many peasants to use bannal mills and ovens. In Scotland, thirlage tied land to a particular mill, whose owner took a proportion of the grain as multure . In France these monopolistic rights were abolished on the night of the 4th of August 1789 but feudal lords continued to be reimbursed until 1793 . This French history –related article
49-431: Was of a reduced size and covered only two or three parishes - the largest, that of Peyrins, was made up of six parishes, the equivalent of four communes today. The castellan was an officer appointed and paid by a count or prince. He could be dismissed or moved to head another castellania. His main function was as guardian of the castle and regularly having to present its accounts. He was also delegated to exercise all of
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