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18-470: Although the number of people registered in the town is around 32,000, the summer population can double or even triple this figure. The town is popular because of its beaches and scenic harbor. Castro Urdiales was originally called Portus Amanum , and was the chief city of the Autrigones . In AD 74 a Roman colony was established under the name Flaviobriga , during the reign of emperor Vespasian . It

36-465: A clear differentiation of other close Celtic tribes, as the Celtiberians . The Autrigones were culturally related to the early Iron Age "Monte Bernorio- Miraveche " cultural group of northern Burgos and Palencia provinces. Additional archeological evidence indicates that by the 2nd Iron Age they came under the influence of the Celtiberians . By the 1st century BC they were organized into

54-542: A federation of autonomous mountain-top fortified towns ( Civitates ) on the mountain ranges of the upper Ebro , protected by stout adobe walls of the " Numantine " type. More archeological evidence have been found, emphasizing their celtiberian culture, such as the hospitality tesserae . These consisted on a zoomorphic-shaped metal tablet with an inscription using a variant of the Northeastern Iberian script (also known as Celtiberian script ), written in

72-620: A federation of ten autonomous mountain-top fortified towns ( Civitates ), chiefly among them their new capital Virovesca in the Oca river valley. They seem to have taken no part in the Celtiberian Wars though as traditional allies of the Berones helped the latter in fighting off the Roman general Sertorius ' incursion into northern Celtiberia in 76 BC, and remained independent until

90-601: A form of celtiberian language . Around the beginning of the 4th century BC the Autrigones migrated to the Peninsula and overrun the entire area corresponding today to the modern provinces of Cantabria and Burgos , which eventually became known as Autrigonia or Austrigonia . By the mid-4th century BC the Autrigones reached the Pisuerga valley where they established their capital Autraca or Austraca , located at

108-728: A pre- Roman tribe that settled in the north of the Iberian Peninsula , in what today is the western Basque Country (western regions of Biscay and Álava ) and northern Burgos and the East of Cantabria, Spain . Their territory limited with the Cantabri territory at west, the Caristii at east, the Berones at the southeast and the Turmodigi at the south. It is discussed whether the Autrigones were Celts , theory supported by

126-482: Is not cited in the seigneury's assemblies thereafter. Until the 18th century, the town recurrently attempted a reincorporation to Biscay (attested in 1799), but its attempts were met with the frontal refusal of Bilbao on account that it could tip the scale against its own trade balance. It was destroyed by the French in 1813, but was speedily rebuilt and fortified. Its rapid rise in population and prosperity dates from

144-556: The Autrigones" and says the only ones worth mentioning are Tritium Autrigonum ( Monasterio de Rodilla , Burgos) and Virovesca (possibly the present-day Briviesca , Burgos; Celtiberian-type mint: Uirouiaz ) in the valley of Oca River. The other Autrigones' towns were Deobriga (near Miranda de Ebro , Burgos), Uxama Barca (Osma de Valdegobia; Celtiberian-type mint: Uarcaz ), Segisamunculum (Cerezo del Riotirón, Burgos), Antecuia (near Pancorbo , Burgos), Vindeleia ( Cubo de Bureba , Burgos), Salionca ( Poza de la Sal , Burgos) and

162-570: The Caristii and Varduli - it is likely they were a Celtic tribe who eventually suffered a process of Basquisation . The known toponyms of the Autrigones are of Celtic origin, as Uxama Barca in present-day Álava , and many others ending in -briga . The toponyms of rivers, as the Nervión , the anthroponyms, the archeological remains, tools and weapons relate them culturally with the Celts, but with

180-566: The banks of the river Autra ( Odra ). They also gained an outlet to the sea by seizing from the Aquitanian -speaking Caristii further east the coastal highland region between the rivers Asón and Neroua ( Nervión ), in the modern eastern Cantabria , Vizcaya , and Álava Basque provinces. However, the Autrigones’ hold to this vast territory was not meant to last; some time after 300 BC they were driven out from southern Autrigonia –

198-456: The existence of toponyms of Celtic origin, such as Uxama Barca and other with -briga endings and that eventually underwent a Basquisation along with other neighboring tribes such as the Caristii and Varduli . Roman historians as Pomponius Mela and Pliny the Elder located them in the northern region of present-day province of Burgos . Pliny the Elder writes about the "ten states of

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216-473: The increased development of iron mining and railway communication which took place after 1879. The monument complex of Castro Urdiales, also known as Puebla Vieja, has medieval origins and is located near the sea. It was declared a Conjunto histórico in 1978. The Church of Santa María de la Asunción is in Gothic style. Built under the protection of King Alfonso VIII of Castile in the 13th century (though it

234-510: The late 1st century BC, when the mounting pressure of Astures and Cantabri raids finally forced them to seek an alliance with Rome . Despite being aggregated in the new Hispania Tarraconensis province at the early 1st century AD, the Autrigones were only partially romanized, never became Christian and continued to provide the Roman Imperial army with auxiliary troops ( Auxilia ) up to the late Empire. The Autrigone people survived

252-629: The overthrow of the Roman Empire in Spain by the Germanic invasions of the late 4th century and briefly recreated their realm in parts of the current provinces of Burgos , Álava , and Biscay which lasted for nearly two centuries, before being conquered by their Varduli neighbours and ultimately destroyed or absorbed by the Vascones in around AD 580. Cubo de Bureba Cubo de Bureba

270-448: The port of Portus Amanus / Flaviobriga ( Castro Urdiales , Cantabria ). The Autrigones are mentioned for the first time on a document by Roman historian Livy in 76 BC, describing the actions of Quintus Sertorius in the Iberian Peninsula . Strabo mentions them in his book Geographica , naming them allótrigones , a word adapted from Greek meaning "strange people". Based on the study of their toponyms - as also happens with

288-544: The western Burgos region – by the Turmodigi allied with the Vaccei , who seized the Autrigones’ early capital Autraca. Thrust back to their lands on the mountain ranges of the upper Ebro north of the Arlanzón valley around the 3rd-2nd Centuries BC, the Autrigones allied themselves with the Berones and evolved into a tribal society similar to the peoples of the north-west. By the 1st century BC, they were organized into

306-626: Was finished in the 15th century), it is a basilica church with three naves. In the interior are the images of the White Virgin and the Reclining Christ, and three Gothic carvings of the Magi . It was declared a National Monument in 1931. The Castle of Santa Ana is located near the port and the church of Santa María de la Asunción. In modern times it housed a lighthouse. Other sights include: Autrigones The Autrigones were

324-484: Was most likely established to mine the abundant iron in the area. In 1163 the town of Castro Urdiales received its municipal charter. It lay at the western tip of the coastline of Navarre until 1200, when the kingdom was invaded by Alfonso VIII of Castile . Castro Urdiales benefited much from its location at a crossroads in the trade between northern Europe and Castile . It remained in Biscay until 1476 at least, but it

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