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29-511: Chuquisaca may refer to: Chuquisaca Department , a department of Bolivia in the center south Chuquisaca Revolution , a popular uprising on 25 May 1809 Alliance for Chuquisaca , an electoral alliance in Chuquisaca created in May 2010 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

58-438: A subtropical highland climate . The climate is influenced by trade winds from the east that bring up to 2,500 millimetres (98 in) of rain per year. There is a dry season from April to October, and occasional snowfall at higher elevations during the winter months. Rainfall and temperature varies with elevation. In the foothill forests (400 to 900 meters elevation) average annual rainfall ranges from 550 to 1400 mm, with

87-484: A database of plant species in Bolivia and identified 39 separate vegetation zones in Bolivia within twelve general physiographic-biogeographical units of which four fall in the boundaries of Chuquisaca Department including: Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional, Prepuna or High Interandean Valleys, Bolivian-Tucuman Formation, and Chaco. Using Navarro and Ferreira's categories and descriptions based on vegetation zones,

116-555: A high level of speciation especially in the dry forest river valleys of the Bolivian-Tucuman formation. colder and drier air from more austral parts of South America have resulted in migration of plant communities with a floristic connection to those in Argentina, Paraguay and Southern Brazil as opposed to more tropical plant communities that result from warm and moist northern climates. Navarro and Ferreira have developed

145-463: A human population of 631,000 people humans are a part of the ecology of Chuquisaca. The grazing of cattle and introduction of invasive feral citrus trees has affected the native plant populations in the department. Native forests and ecosystems have contracted as land has been converted to pasture and erosion is widespread as a result of human agricultural activities on steep slopes. The chief executive office of Bolivia departments (since May 2010)

174-471: A mean of 1100 mm. The montane forest and upper montane forest are cloud forests , where mist and cloud cover can contribute up to 100% additional vertical precipitation. Mean temperature in the montane and upper montane belts is 11.7 °C, with a mean maximum of 21.8◦C and a mean minimum of 8.8◦C. The Southern Andean Yungas consists of a mesic evergreen forest, with trees typically less than 15 metres (49 ft) tall. The species composition of

203-418: A mean of 820 mm. Mean annual temperature is 21.5 °C, with a mean maximum of 27.6 °C, and a mean minimum of 15.4 °C. In the montane forest belt between 900 and 1600 meters elevation, rainfall averages 1,100 to 2,300 mm annually, with a mean of 1,800 mm. Average annual rainfall in the upper montane forests, between 1,600 and 2,300 meters elevation, ranges from 800 to 1,400 mm, with

232-504: Is characterized by a mesotropical dry xeric bioclimatic zone . Seasonally torrential waters and salinity levels affect regional vegetation patterns in this zone. Bolivian-Tucuman Formation. With a wide elevation range between 600m to 3900m this zone contains pluviestacional subhumid and locally humid bioclimatic zones. The high elevation Rio Grande and Pilcomayo river valleys transect this unit and are characterized by dry xeric vegetation zones with endemic and varied speciation especially in

261-453: Is the governor; until then, the office was called the prefect, and until 2006 the prefect was appointed by the president of Bolivia . The current governor, Damián Condori Herrera, member of the CST , was elected on 7 March 2021. Under the 2009 Constitution, each Bolivian department has an elected Departmental Legislative Assembly. The first elections were held 4 April 2010. The majority party in

290-572: Is traversed by the main cordillera of the Andes mountain range and lesser cordilleras. Parts of it lay within the basin of the Amazon River , and other parts within the basin of the Río de La Plata . The surface area of the department is 51,524 square kilometers. The topography of central Chuquisaca consists of a series of ridges rising up to 1500 m that run north and south with flat valleys between

319-613: The Central Andean puna ecoregion. Many tropical species find the southern limit of their range in this ecoregion. Mammals that may be found here include the red brocket ( Mazama americana ), gray brocket ( Mazama gouazoupira ), white-lipped peccary ( Tayassu pecari ), collared peccary ( Dicotyles tajacu ), and South American tapir ( Tapirus terrestris ). Cats include the jaguar ( Panthera onca ), puma ( Puma concolor ), margay ( Leopardus wiedii ), and jaguarundi ( Herpailurus yagouaroundi ). Other carnivores include

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348-805: The crab-eating fox ( Cerdocyon thous ) and tayra ( Eira barbara ). The Pampas fox ( Lycalopex gymnocercus ) is found in foothill forests in the transition to the Chaco. Characteristic birds of the ecoregion include the Andean condor ( Vultur gryphus ), barred forest falcon ( Micrastur ruficollis ), band-tailed pigeon ( Patagioenas fasciata ), blue-capped puffleg ( Eriocnemis glaucopoides ), Azara's spinetail ( Synallaxis azarae ), yellow-striped brushfinch ( Atlapetes citrinellus ), golden-crowned warbler ( Basileuterus culicivorus ), two-banded warbler ( Myiothlypis bivittata ), and Andean slaty thrush ( Turdus nigriceps ). Birds endemic to this ecoregion include

377-426: The red-faced guan ( Penelope dabbenei ), Tucumán amazon ( Amazona tucumana ), Rothschild's swift ( Cypseloides rothschildi ), and the rufous-throated dipper ( Cinclus schulzi ). Swainson's thrush ( Catharus ustulatus ) is a seasonal migrant. Native amphibians include the toads Rhinella arenarum and Rhinella spinulosa . The endangered La Banderita marsupial frog ( Gastrotheca gracilis ) inhabits

406-581: The Charcas, who were dispersed along riverbanks and lowlands. Their leaders, jampiris , sorcerers, and priests resided in the capital, Choque-Chaca , which according to 17th century chronicles had a population of several thousand. Sucre (elev. 2750 m) is called the city of the four names, each name corresponding to a different period of its history. It was founded by the Spaniard Pedro de Anzures in 1538. It thrived due to its regional proximity to

435-637: The Rio Grande river valley and vegetation influence from the Chaco in the Pilcomayo river valley. Wet forest ecosystems like those found in more northern Yungas valleys are found on high ridges where clouds form. Chaco : from 400 to 900 m this unit is characterized by a xeric bioclimate. Sandy soils in this unit were formed from alluvial processes from the Parapeti and Grande rivers. Soil drainage affects vegetation dispersion within this unit. With

464-422: The conifer Podocarpus parlatorei , and queñoa ( Polylepis australis ), along with Viburnum seemenii , Sambucus peruviana , Ilex argentina , and Juglans australis , and species of Eupatorium and Kaunia . Many trees are deciduous, and of Holarctic or Antarctic–Gondwanan origin. Above 2600 meters elevation, the forests transition to subalpine grassland and shrubland ( pastizal de neblina ), of

493-483: The department of Chuquisaca vary widely according to a diversity of abiotic factors including soil formation and textures, rainfall patterns, and mineral and salinity content of water. Elevation plays an important role in the dispersion of vegetation species and wider ecosystems as they respond to microclimates. As the Andes Mountains became uplifted, plants adapted to dryer and higher microclimates resulting in

522-524: The eastern slope of the Andes from southern Bolivia into northern Argentina, at elevations ranging from 800 to 3,000 metres (2,600 to 9,800 ft). In the lowlands to the east the Yungas transition to the semi-arid Dry Chaco . To the northwest they are bounded by the Bolivian montane dry forests , and by the high-elevation Central Andean puna and High Monte grasslands to the west. This ecoregion has

551-596: The famous silver mines of Potosi, and as Charcas served as capital of the Real Audiencia de Charcas, encompassing all of current Bolivia's territory and more. Reverting to its native name of Chuquisaca, it was the Upper Peru's chief administrative center and largest city. It was there that the first public call for independence from Spain took place, on May 25, 1809, and where the Act of Independence from Spanish rule

580-916: The forests varies with elevation and precipitation. The foothill forests are a transition between the Yungas and the semi-arid Dry Chaco of the lowlands. Trees are predominantly of the bean family ( Leguminosae ), and of tropical origin. Many trees are dry-season deciduous, particularly below 700 meters elevation. Montane forests ( selva montaña ) occur between 900 and 1600 meters elevation. Trees from families Leguminosae, Sapindaceae , Lauraceae , and Euphorbiaceae are prominent, along with species of Cordia from family Boraginaceae . Most are from families and genera of tropical origin. Allophylus edulis , Parapiptadenia excelsa , Blepharocalyx salicifolius , and Ocotea porphyria are present at all elevations, and are of greatest ecological importance between 1,300 and 1,500 meters elevation. Myrtle forests occur between 1000 and 1400 meters elevation, dominated by trees from

609-555: The geographical and ecological characteristics of the Chuquisaca Department can be described as follows. Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional. From an elevation of 3200m in Chuquisaca to nearly 6000 meters in Potosi, this zone is characterized by the puna, altoandean, and subnival and nival ecological zones with a pluviestacional subhumid bioclimate. Prepuna or High Interandean Valley. From 2300m to 3200m, this zone

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638-499: The myrtle family ( Myrtaceae ). In the myrtle forests the co-dominant trees are güili colorado ( Amomyrtella guilii ), which is endemic to the ecoregion, and güili blanco ( Myrcianthes pseudomato ). Between 1500 and 1600 meters elevation there is a transition zone between the montane and upper montane forests. Upper montane forests ( Bosque deciduo or bosque montaño ) extend from 1,600 to 2,500 metres (5,200 to 8,200 ft). They are dominated by Andean alder ( Alnus acuminata ),

667-452: The number of those belonging to the recognized group of speakers. 20°00′S 64°25′W  /  20.000°S 64.417°W  / -20.000; -64.417 Southern Andean Yungas The Southern Andean Yungas is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Yungas of southwestern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina . The ecoregion occurs along

696-460: The regular seats. The current executive committee, elected on 28 April 2022, consists of Santos Ricardo Carnicel Serrano as president, Evert Cruz Quiroga as first vice-president, Janeth Rocio Blanco Martínez as second vice-president, Juan Cuellar as first secretary and Anastacio Flores Pinto as second secretary. The department is divided into 10 provinces which are further subdivided into municipalities and cantons . The native inhabitants were

725-495: The ridges. To the west of these ridges abruptly rise the Andes Mountains to 3000 m forming a prepuna landmass that is cut into by large river valleys that drain into the Amazon or Rio de la Plata river basins. To the east of the central ridges lies a stretch of territory containing low elevation flat Chaco topography. 90% of the land in the department of Chuquisaca has an inclination of 70% or more. Ecological and vegetation zones in

754-449: The tin-producing regions of Oruro and La Paz, Sucre's importance waned, leading to the displacement of the legislative and executive powers to La Paz. However, in honor of Sucre's historical preponderance, the judicial branch (Supreme Court) continues to operate there, and the city's official status as capital of the country was never revoked. The languages spoken in the department are mainly Spanish and Quechua . The following table shows

783-474: The title Chuquisaca . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuquisaca&oldid=833936404 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Chuquisaca Department The department

812-651: The twenty-one member assembly after the first election was held by the Movement towards Socialism (MAS-IPSP) with 15 seats. Four seats were held by We Are All Chuquisaca . Two seats were selected by the Guaraní people through usos y costumbres . The last elections to the Departmental Legislative Assembly took place on 1 March 2021 for seats reserved for the Guaraní people and 7 March for

841-506: Was signed on August 6, 1825. It was immediately designated the capital of independent Bolivia, under the auspices of Simon Bolivar and Antonio Jose de Sucre. Years later, the city of Chuquisaca was renamed Sucre in honor of the Venezuelan-born hero of South America's independence, who had served as the first effective administrator of the country (and second president). When the center of political and economic power shifted north, to

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