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13-478: Changshu first became an independent county in 540 AD, but in 581 was made subordinate to Suzhou . It was promoted to seat of a full prefecture in 1295, was rebuilt and fortified in the 14th century, but in 1370 was reduced again to the level of a county. In the 15th and 16th centuries Changshu was several times attacked by Japanese pirates . Changshu has traditionally been a market town for locally produced rice, corn, wheat, tea, and mulberry leaves, and since

26-1573: A local CCP committee. A county's is called the secretary ( 中共县委书记 ), the de facto highest office of the county. Policies are carried out via the people's government of the county, and its head is called the county governor ( 县长 ). The governor is often also one of the deputy secretaries in the CCP Committee. Ethnic Townships of China Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present Ethnic townships (officially translated as nationality townships ), ethnic towns , and ethnic sums are fourth-level administrative units designated for ethnic minorities of political divisions in

39-515: A paper mill in the city since 1999 and now has an annual capacity of 200,000 tons of coated and 600,000 tons of uncoated fine paper . Changshu is divided into 2 subdistricts and 9 towns. The China National Highway 204 Yantai - Nantong -Changshu- Shanghai , Sujiahang Expressway and Suzhou - Jiaxing - Hangzhou all pass through Changshu. Changshu has one Yangtze River crossing , the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge , one of

52-489: A special class of counties in mainland China reserved for non- Han Chinese ethnic minorities . Autonomous counties are found all over China, and are given, by law, more legislative power than regular counties. There are 117 autonomous counties in mainland China. As the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is central to directing government policy in mainland China, every level of administrative division has

65-699: Is sometimes translated as " district " or " prefecture " when put in the context of Chinese history . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty ,

78-1998: The People's Republic of China . They are not considered to be autonomous and do not enjoy the laws pertaining to the larger ethnic autonomous areas such as autonomous regions , autonomous prefectures , autonomous counties , and autonomous banners . The only ethnic sum is the Evenk Ethnic Sum in Old Barag Banner , Inner Mongolia. Taiyuan She-nation Ethnic Township ( 太源畲族乡 ) in Yanshan County Huangbi She-nation Ethnic Township ( 篁碧畲族乡 ) in Yanshan County Zhangping She-nation Ethnic Township ( 樟坪畲族乡 ) in Guixi City Jinzhu She-nation Ethnic Township ( 金竹畲族乡 ) in Le'an County Chitu She-nation Ethnic Township ( 赤土畲族乡 ) in Nankang City Donggu She-nation Ethnic Township ( 东固畲族乡 ) in Qingyuan District Longgang She-nation Ethnic Township ( 龙冈畲族乡 ) in Yongfeng County Jinping Minority-nation Ethnic Township ( 金坪民族乡 ) in Xiajiang County The PRC has claimed Taiwan and Penghu as part of its territory and there are no ethnic townships in this region. See Indigenous Areas of

91-414: The third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan , a level that is known as " county level " and also contains autonomous counties , county-level cities , banners , autonomous banners and city districts . There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. The term xian

104-621: The 13th century has been a major cotton -producing district. Although administratively still a subordinate city to Suzhou , it is a provincial base of foreign trade . Currently a harbour is being developed on the Yangtze River near Changshu to service Suzhou and Wuxi . The city's major industries include textiles , paper -making, fine chemicals , machinery , steel and forestry products. The city has more than 4,000 textile and apparel companies with combined annual sales of RMB50 billion. The paper-making industry has attracted more

117-422: The 1960s to the 1980s. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both

130-510: The US$ 15 billion of FDI. By the end of 2007, this industry exceeded 2.4 million tons. More than 2,000 foreign enterprises have invested in Changshu including big names such as Sharp and Dunlop . Of the contracted investment at least one-third has come from Taiwan – more than 500 Taiwan enterprises have invested more than US$ 100 million in the city. UPM-Kymmene from Finland has been running

143-697: The day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. During the Republican period, counties were the second level administrative divisions of its provinces. After the Chinese Civil War, counties became subordinate to prefectural level cities while the previous structure is retained. The counties became directly governed by the Executive Yuan after the provinces became streamlined in 1998, but they were fully abolished in 2018. Autonomous counties ( 自治县 ; zìzhìxiàn ) are

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156-1371: The longest cable-stayed bridges in the world . Local people generally believe in Buddhism , Taoism , Protestantism and Catholicism . Changshu Christian Church is a Protestant church in the city. County (People%27s Republic of China) Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present Counties ( simplified Chinese : 县 ; traditional Chinese : 縣 ; pinyin : Xiàn ) are found in

169-614: The number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from

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