Misplaced Pages

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47-911: The Cherokee Strip was a two-and-one-half mile wide piece of land running along the northern border of much of the Cherokee Outlet. It was the result of a surveying error. The whole of the Cherokee Outlet is often called the Cherokee Strip. In 1836, the Treaty of New Echota between the Cherokees and the United States obligated the Cherokees to move west of the Mississippi River to lands assigned them in Indian Territory (later Oklahoma). Their new lands included

94-461: A 7.0-million-acre reservation and "a perpetual outlet west...as far west as the sovereignty of the United States" extended. The parcel of land extending west from the Cherokee reservation became known as the Cherokee Outlet. Under the terms of the treaty, the lands ceded to the Cherokees would "in no future time be included within the territorial limits or jurisdiction of any State or Territory" and

141-449: A bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 21.2% of the population. 23.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 111.9 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that

188-527: A branch line from Neva (3 miles (4.8 km) west of Strong City ) through Abilene to Superior, Nebraska . In 1996, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway merged with Burlington Northern Railroad and renamed to the current BNSF Railway . Most locals still refer to this railroad as the Santa Fe. In 1890, Dr. A.B. Seelye founded the A.B. Seelye Medical Company. Seelye developed over 100 products for

235-645: A chaotic situation in the outlet. After the incorporation of the association in Kansas in 1883, the Cherokees negotiated a five-year lease of the outlet to the association for $ 100,000 per year. At the end of five years, the Cherokee Tribal Council put the lease up for bid, hoping to get a better price, and leased it again to the Cherokee Strip Livestock Association for $ 200,000 annually. The more than 100 members of

282-518: A great amount of pressure, and confirmed by a treaty Congress approved March 17, 1893, the Cherokee agreed, for "the sum of $ 8,595,736.12, over and above all other sums" to turn title over to the United States government. On September 16, 1893, the eastern end of the Cherokee Outlet was settled in the Cherokee Strip land run , the largest land run in the United States and possibly the largest event of its kind in history. The Cherokee Outlet and

329-438: A stable for their horses. The Kansas Pacific put in a spur line at Abilene that enabled the cattle cars to be loaded and sent on to their destinations. The first twenty carloads left September 5, 1867, en route to Chicago, Illinois, where McCoy was familiar with the market. The town grew quickly and became the first "cow town" of the west. McCoy encouraged Texas cattlemen to drive their herds to his stockyards. From 1867 to 1871,

376-650: A stage coach stop, established by Timothy Hersey and named Mud Creek. It was not until 1860 that it was named Abilene , from a passage in the Bible ( Luke 3 :1), meaning "grassy plains". In 1867, the Kansas Pacific Railway ( Union Pacific ) pushed westward through Abilene. In the same year, Joseph G. McCoy purchased 250 acres of land north and east of Abilene, on which he built a hotel, the Drover's Cottage, stockyards equipped for 2,000 heads of cattle, and

423-551: Is in the Wichita - Hutchinson, Kansas television market . Cowboy-era Abilene is the fictional setting for the Randolph Scott-starring 1946 film Abilene Town , which in turn became the inspiration behind the 1963 hit song " Abilene ", recorded by George Hamilton IV . British singer-songwriter John Cale 's song "Buffalo Ballet" from his 1975 album " Fear " reflects a cynical view of the town's history from

470-762: Is on the north side of the Smoky Hill River in the Flint Hills region of the Great Plains . Mud Creek, a tributary of the Smoky Hill, flows south through the city. Located in North Central Kansas at the intersection of Interstate 70 and K-15 , Abilene is approximately 27 mi (43 km) east of Salina, Kansas , 94 mi (151 km) north of Wichita , and 139 mi (224 km) west of Kansas City . According to

517-594: The Chisholm Trail ended in Abilene, bringing in many travelers and making Abilene one of the wildest towns in the west. The stockyards shipped 35,000 head in 1867 and became the largest stockyards west of Kansas City, Kansas . In 1871, more than 5,000 cowboys herded from 600,000 to 700,000 cows to Abilene and other Kansas railheads. Another source reports 440,200 head of cattle were shipped out of Abilene from 1867 to 1871. As railroads were built further south,

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564-615: The Chisholm Trail from Texas to Kansas , and the next year, the first large cattle herd was driven through the Cherokee Outlet from Texas to the railroad in Abilene, Kansas . The Chisholm Trail passed through the present city of Enid and entered Kansas near Caldwell . Cattle drives following the Chisholm Trail, and numerous side trails continued to pass through the outlet for the next 20 years. The Cherokees collected, but with difficulty, 10 cents per head of cattle passing through

611-409: The Treaty of 1866 , the land was to be sold "at not less than $ 1.25 an acre" ($ 3.09/ha) for the first year and then offered for sale at local land offices. The first year 156,848.47 acres (245.08 square miles; 634.74 square kilometres) were sold, and the balance of 277,830.89 acres (434.11 square miles; 1,124.34 square kilometres) was turned over to land offices during the summer of 1879. As required,

658-590: The Union and the Confederate States of America . A substantial number of Cherokees were slave owners. The census of 1835 counted 1,592 slaves among the Cherokees and 7.4% of Cherokees were slave owners. The attraction of Cherokees toward the Confederacy was magnified by a statement in fall 1860 by William Seward , a prominent supporter of Unionist presidential candidate Abraham Lincoln , who said that

705-527: The United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 4.68 square miles (12.12 km ), all of it land. Located in the transition zone between North America's humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ) and humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa ) zones, Abilene experiences hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. In the spring, severe thunderstorms bring the threat of tornadoes and hail. The hottest temperature recorded in Abilene

752-508: The Cherokee Strip Livestock Association was nullified by Congress in 1890, which then authorized purchasing the land from the Cherokees for $ 1.25 per acre. Having previously rejected a bid from the cattlemen to buy the land for $ 3.00 per acre, the Cherokee protested in vain that the government price was too low. President Benjamin Harrison forbade all grazing in the Cherokee Outlet after October 2, 1890, which eliminated all profit from leasing

799-581: The Cherokee agreed to cede, in trust to the United States , such portion of their land that is in present-day Kansas. A commission was set up to survey the disputed land. The survey, approved December 11, 1871, found that the border was "off by 2.46 miles" (3.96 km). The strip in question ran from the Neosho River to the 100th meridian and amounted to 434,679.36 acres (679.19 square miles; 1,759.08 square kilometres). Under terms of Article 17 of

846-511: The Cherokees and other Indians should be expelled from Indian Territory and relocated. After the American Civil War, the United States demanded a new treaty (see Reconstruction Treaties ) to punish the Cherokees because of the support of many of them for the Confederacy. The new treaty (ratified on July 19, 1866) required the Cherokee to sell land in the Cherokee Outlet to other Indian tribes and to allow them to move into and live in

893-521: The Cherokees were promised a land patent verifying their ownership of the land. In 1838, in what is called the Cherokee removal or Trail of Tears , most of the Cherokees, living primarily in northern Georgia , were forcibly relocated to Indian territory and their new lands. A census in 1835 had counted 16,500 Cherokees. The Cherokee Outlet was little used for decades after its creation. The Cherokees were farmers rather than ranchers or hunters, but

940-685: The Livestock Association divided up the land, erecting fences and corrals and building ranch houses. Also during the 1880s, Captain Bill McDonald, acting as deputy U.S. marshal for the Southern District of Kansas and the Northern District of Texas, cleared the Cherokee Outlet of cattle thieves and train robbers, who had taken to hiding out in what they thought was a kind of "no-man's land". The lease to

987-541: The Outlet. The price for the land was to be negotiated with the U.S. president deciding on a price if one could not be agreed to by the Cherokee and the Indian tribes wishing to buy the land. Meanwhile, the Indian peoples in neighboring Kansas came under intense pressure from the U.S. government and White settlers. With new lands available to them in the Cherokee Outlet, the various Indian people living in Kansas were induced by

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1034-465: The U.S. to sell their lands and to purchase new lands in the Cherokee Outlet. The Osage moved to lands (now Osage County, Oklahoma ) in the Cherokee Outlet in 1872, followed shortly by the Kaw , Nez Perce , Otoe-Missouria , Pawnee , Ponca , and Tonkawa . The Osage had enough in funds (managed by the U.S. government) to pay for their new lands in the Cherokee Outlet; the U.S. government failed to pay for

1081-515: The actions of the cattlemen play a prominent role in a portion of the Matt Braun Western novel The Kincaids . The names of the characters have been changed, but the basic actions taken are explored. The 1897 land run serves as the setting of films such as 1925's Tumbleweeds starting William S. Hart and 1939's The Oklahoma Kid starring James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart . In Mark Twain’s 1896 comic novel “The American Claimant,”

1128-504: The age of 18 and 8.5% of those ages 65 or over. As of the 2010 census , there were 6,844 people, 2,878 households, and 1,781 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,463.6 inhabitants per square mile (565.1/km ). There were 3,143 housing units at an average density of 671.6 per square mile (259.3/km ). The city's racial makeup was 94.9% White , 0.9% African American , 0.4% American Indian , 0.2% Asian , 1.1% from some other race, and 2.4% from two or more races. 4.7% of

1175-655: The city. Abilene Municipal Airport is on the city's southwest side. Publicly owned, it has one asphalt runway and is used predominantly for general aviation . The Kansas Pacific (KP) line of the Union Pacific Railroad runs east–west through the city. It intersects a BNSF Railway line which enters the city from the east and then turns north. The city of Abilene provided demand responsive transport . Abilene has one daily newspaper , The Abilene Reflector-Chronicle . The following radio stations are licensed to Abilene: AM FM Abilene

1222-443: The company including "Wasa-Tusa", an Indian name meaning to heal . Abilene became home to Dwight D. Eisenhower when his family moved to Abilene from Denison, Texas in 1892. Eisenhower attended elementary school through high school in Abilene, graduating in 1909. The Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum is the burial site of President Eisenhower, his wife, Mamie , and their first-born son Doud Dwight. Abilene

1269-657: The days it was "young and gay" until it "drowned in wealth and pain", as an example of the expansion of the American Frontier . The main storyline of western video game Call of Juarez: Gunslinger is at Abilene. The much larger city of Abilene, Texas takes its name from Abilene, Kansas. Old West figures who lived in Abilene during its period as a cowtown included Wild Bill Hickok , cattle baron Joseph McCoy , gambler Phil Coe , marshal Tom "Bear River" Smith , gunfighters Pat Desmond , John Wesley Hardin , and Ben Thompson , and Thompson's sister-in-law Libby ,

1316-476: The end of the Chisholm Trail was slowly moved south toward Caldwell , while Kansas homesteaders concerned with cattle ruining their farm crops moved the trail west toward and past Ellsworth . Town marshal Tom "Bear River" Smith was initially successful policing Abilene, often using only his bare hands. He survived 2 assassination attempts during his tenure. However, he was murdered and decapitated on November 2, 1870. Smith wounded 1 of his 2 attackers during

1363-402: The land sold to the other tribes until the 1880s, and then paid less than the price asked by the Cherokees. The practical impact of this settlement of non-Cherokee Indians in the eastern portion of the Cherokee Outlet was to cut the Cherokee off from easy access to the western part of the outlet, thus making it "virtually useless" to them. In 1865, mixed-blood Cherokee Jesse Chisholm laid out

1410-464: The land. After that, the Cherokee sold off the land at prices ranging from $ 1.40 to $ 2.50 per acre. The Cherokee Strip Live Stock Association disbanded in 1893, the same year the outlet was opened to non-Indian settlement. Actual payment did not occur until 1964, when the Cherokee finally settled their claims against the U.S. government for the actual value of the Cherokee Strip land opened to settlement in 1893. This amounted to about $ 14.7 million, which

1457-421: The median household income was $ 47,829 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 10,161) and the median family income was $ 69,815 (+/- $ 11,480). Males had a median income of $ 36,933 (+/- $ 6,402) versus $ 21,540 (+/- $ 3,802) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 30,625 (+/- $ 4,869). Approximately, 4.8% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.2% of those under

Cherokee Outlet - Misplaced Pages Continue

1504-536: The naive character Washington Hawkins arrives in Washington, D.C., upon being appointed the Congressional delegate for the Cherokee Strip. 36°30′N 98°00′W  /  36.5°N 98.0°W  / 36.5; -98.0  ( Cherokee Outlet ) Cherokee Strip (Kansas) The Cherokee Strip of Kansas , in the United States , was a disputed strip of land on the southern border of

1551-550: The nomadic and warlike Plains Indians recognized no ownership of the outlet except by themselves, and used the outlet for hunting. They resisted encroachments on their range, whether by Whites or other Indians. Consequently, only a few Cherokees took advantage of the outlet to the west of their homes for hunting or to graze cattle. With the coming of the American Civil War in 1861, the Cherokees and other Indians living in Indian Territory were divided between support for

1598-407: The outlet. The Texans began to halt in the outlet to graze and winter their cattle. Ranchers in Kansas also began to use the outlet for grazing their herds. The Cherokees attempted to collect fees for grazing rights, which were confirmed by the U.S. Senate in 1878, but collection of the fees was difficult. In 1880, cattlemen, mostly Kansans, formed the Cherokee Strip Livestock Association to manage

1645-609: The population of the city was 6,460. It is home of The Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum and the Greyhound Hall of Fame. In 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase . In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state . In 1857, Dickinson County was founded and Abilene began as

1692-423: The population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 2,878 households, of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who

1739-477: The proceeds were placed in the United States Treasury subject to order of the Cherokee national council. This Kansas state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Abilene, Kansas Abilene (pronounced / ˈ æ b ɪ l iː n / ) is a city in and the county seat of Dickinson County, Kansas , United States. As of the 2020 census ,

1786-458: The shootout preceding his death, and both suspects received life in prison for the offense. He was replaced by Wild Bill Hickok in April 1871. Hickok's time in the job was short. While the marshal was standing off a crowd during a street brawl, gambler Phil Coe took two shots at Hickok, who returned fire, killing Coe but Hickok then accidentally shot his friend and deputy, Mike Williams, who

1833-651: The state. In 1825 the Osage Nation was given a reservation in eastern Indian territory in what is now Kansas. In the Treaty of New Echota , May 23, 1836, the northern border of the Cherokee Nation 's land was set as the southern border of the Osage lands. When Congress passed the Kansas–Nebraska Act on May 30, 1854, it set the southern border of the Kansas Territory as the 37th parallel north . It

1880-545: Was $ 48,115, and the median family income was $ 61,146. Males had a median income of $ 42,332 versus $ 29,325 for females. The city's per capita income was $ 21,820. About 7.3% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over. The community is served by Abilene USD 435 public school district. Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40 run concurrently east–west immediately north of Abilene, intersecting highway K-15 , which runs north–south through

1927-503: Was 1,356.6 per square mile (523.8/km ). There were 3,137 housing units at an average density of 658.8 per square mile (254.3/km ). The racial makeup was 91.93% (5,939) white or European American (89.52% non-Hispanic white ), 0.87% (56) black or African-American , 0.36% (23) Native American or Alaska Native , 0.34% (22) Asian , 0.12% (8) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 1.47% (95) from other races , and 4.91% (317) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race

Cherokee Outlet - Misplaced Pages Continue

1974-449: Was 113 °F (45.0 °C) on July 13, 1954 and July 15, 1954, while the coldest temperature recorded was −29 °F (−33.9 °C) on February 12, 1899. Abilene remains a cattle yard town, loading onto the rail system, along with grain and other crops. It is the birthplace of Sprint Telecommunications . The 2020 United States census counted 6,460 people, 2,797 households, and 1,675 families in Abilene. The population density

2021-426: Was 5.65% (365) of the population. Of the 2,797 households, 26.9% had children under the age of 18; 44.7% were married couples living together; 30.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 35.8% of households consisted of individuals and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with

2068-483: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33, and the average family size was 2.97. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males age 18 and over. The city's median household income

2115-591: Was coming to his aid. Hickok lost his job two months later in December. In 1880, Conrad Lebold built the Lebold Mansion . Lebold was one of the early town developers and bankers from 1869 through 1889. The Hersey dugout can still be seen in the cellar. The house is now a private residence. A marker outside credits the name of the town being given by opening a Bible and using the first place name pointed to. In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built

2162-492: Was paid to the original allotment holders or their heirs. The tribe also received an additional $ 2 million in accrued interest. The Organic Act of 1890 incorporated the unassigned lands into the new Oklahoma Territory . Oklahoma became the 46th state on November 16, 1907. In 1889, Congress authorized the Cherokee Commission to persuade the Cherokee to cede their complete title to the Cherokee Outlet. After

2209-467: Was thought at the time that the Osage northern border was also the 37th parallel. The Cherokees immediately complained, saying that it was not the true boundary and that the border of Kansas should be moved north to accommodate the actual border of the Cherokee land. The situation languished during the troubles in Kansas leading up to the Civil War . In the 1866 Cherokee Reconstruction treaty ,

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