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35-790: Chicamocha River is a river of Boyacá and Santander in central-eastern Colombia . It is part of the Magdalena river system that flows into the Caribbean Sea . The Chicamocha River rises in the municipality of Tuta in the Department of Boyacá , flows through the Department of Santander and joins the Suárez River (with its tributary Fonce River ) to form the Sogamoso River . The Chicamocha Canyon contains

70-655: A small part of Meta , and to the west Antioquia and Caldas . It has a territorial dispute with Norte de Santander and Cundinamarca. The department of Boyacá covers a small portion of the Middle Magdalena valley of the Magdalena River to the west, the Cordillera Oriental mountain range with altitudes of 5,380 m above sea level ( Sierra Nevada del Cocuy with 25 snow peaks), flat highland plateaux, and another small portion of territory by

105-647: Is a tourist destination, especially for religious colonial architecture, with the Casa Fundador Gonzalo Suárez Rendón as oldest remnant. In addition to its religious and historical sites it is host to several internationally known festivals and is a jumping-off point for regional tourist destinations such as Villa de Leyva , Paipa , and Sierra Nevada del Cocuy . It is a stop on the Pan American Highway which connects Tunja to Bogotá and Santa Marta and eventually to

140-475: Is a shopping center that features a Jumbo and a Cinemark Theatres among many other stores. Viva, a brand of Shopping Centers of Grupo Éxito . Relative to its small size, Tunja has been important in providing education. A large part of its population are students between high school and university. Tunja has a considerable number of colleges, among these is the College of Boyacá, the first public school in

175-606: Is centrally located within Colombia, almost entirely within the mountains of the Eastern Cordillera to the border with Venezuela , although the western end of the department extends to the Magdalena River at the town of Puerto Boyacá . Boyacá borders to the north with the Department of Santander , to the northeast with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Norte de Santander , to the east with

210-530: Is influenced by its location and altitude. At almost 3000 m it is one of the higher cities in Colombia. As a result, the city features a subtropical highland climate ( Köppen Cfb ) with little variation in temperature throughout the year but a distinct dry season from December to February. The earliest evidence of human population on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense has been dated to approximately 12.000 years ago . Homus Tequendama inhabited

245-434: Is shared with the department of Arauca. The flora and fauna sanctuary of Lake Iguaque is situated in the centre of the department. The most beautiful páramo in the world, Ocetá Páramo , is in northeast Boyacá. The central area of the highlands has two rainy seasons; the first between April and June, and a second between October and November with an average of 1,000 millimetres (39 in) of rainfall per year. The rest of

280-516: The Chicamocha National Park (PANACHI; Parque Nacional del Chicamocha), a major tourist destination in Colombia. It was preselected for the election of New 7 Wonders of Nature . Boyac%C3%A1 Department Boyacá ( Spanish pronunciation: [boʝaˈka] ) is one of the thirty-two departments of Colombia , and the remnant of Boyacá State , one of the original nine states of the " United States of Colombia ". Boyacá

315-510: The cacique of Guatavita . Saguamanchica , with 50,000 soldiers, decided on a massive attack on hoa Michuá , crossing Guatavita and Chocontá , after which the Battle of Chocontá is named. Michuá dealt with him, supported by an army which doubled Saguamanchica , battling around three hours and killing both chiefs. A new hoa , Eucaneme, was installed, during the tense truce between Bacatá and Hunza. In 1514, Eucaneme found out about

350-616: The cacique ", or "Region of the royal mantle". The territory of present-day Boyaca was during the Pre-Columbian time the domain of the Muisca indigenous peoples . The Muisca under the chiefdom of the zaque of Hunza lived mainly by agriculture and mining gold and emeralds . The first European to discover the area was the Spaniard Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada who conquered the northern Muisca living in

385-570: The first main expedition into the Andes . His main goal was to find and conquer El Dorado . After months of traveling, he found many Muisca cacicazgos in the Altiplano Cundiboyacense . In his search, he acquired information about emerald discoveries and other treasures in Somondoco and the Llanos . On August 20, 1537, the conquerors arrived, with horses and dogs. Jiménez de Quesada arrived at

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420-549: The 19th century, Boyacá was battleground for numerous confrontations between the royalist and patriot armies led by Simón Bolívar during the Spanish colonies' war of independence from Spain. Two of the most decisive battles were the Battle of Boyacá and the Battle of Vargas Swamp (1819) won by the patriot forces against the royalists. In 1824 Gran Colombia created the Boyacá Department (Gran Colombia) . After

455-609: The Constitution of 1886), Boyaca finally acquired its current definition as territory. Boyacá is located in the Andean Region in central Colombia, over the Cordillera Oriental mountain range and covers a total area of 23,189 km . It borders other Colombian departments as follows: to the north Santander and Norte de Santander , to the east Arauca and Casanare , to the south Cundinamarca and

490-575: The Europeans were around his lands, he decided to stay in Hunza and avoided any aggression against the invaders. He forbade under strict penalties to show the conquistadors the path to his headquarters and when he knew they were reaching him, he sent them gifts and peacemakers, hoping to stop them while he was hiding his treasures. Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada parted from Santa Marta in April 1536, on

525-470: The Muisca population. Aquiminzaque should verify his nuptials with the daughter of the cacique of Gameza and many chiefs decided to go the solemn ceremony. A rumour came to Perez de Quesada that the occasion would be used as an insurrection, for which he apprehended Aquiminzaque and all the caciques, among them the ones from Toca, Motavita, Samacá, Turmequé and Sutamarchán, and condemn them to death. In 1540,

560-734: The Pantano de Vargas and the final and decisive battle known as the Battle of Boyacá was fought on 7 August 1819 at Puente de Boyacá. Boyacá is home to three universities : the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), the Universidad de Boyacá (UNIBOYACA), and the Saint Thomas Aquinas University . The word Boyacá derived from the Chibcha word " Bojacá " which means "Near

595-537: The Zaque was beheaded and his death marked the end of the dynasty of zaques of Hunza. In the same way, it points to the disintegration and dispersion of natives in encomiendas along the new Tunja Province . The Spanish city of Tunja was founded on the lands of Quemuenchatocha, where later the convent of San Agustin was built. Founded by Captain Gonzalo Suarez Rendón , on August 6, 1539, the main square

630-487: The area by 6375 BCE. Archeologists have found human skeletons including arm bones in the area. Many archaeological discoveries were found in the area of the present-day city, dated to approximately 150 BCE . During the 1st millennium AD, the territory was inhabited by the Muisca , who spoke Chibcha and emigrated from Central America through Panama to the Andean Region . The Muisca developed their own religion , calendar and mythology . According to those myths, it

665-540: The area led by last zaque Aquiminzaque and distributed the land in encomiendas and forced the indigenous people to work for him. In 1539, Gonzalo Suárez Rendón , a Spanish conquistador , founded the city of Tunja and other sites where the indigenous people previously had their villages. Tunja became one of the main political and economic centers for the Spanish during the Viceroyalty of New Granada . During

700-1270: The capital of the department; Tunja and 13 other minor registries spread across the territory. [REDACTED]   Amazonas [REDACTED]   Antioquia [REDACTED]   Arauca [REDACTED]   Atlántico [REDACTED]   Bolívar [REDACTED]   Boyacá [REDACTED]   Caldas [REDACTED]   Caquetá [REDACTED]   Casanare [REDACTED]   Cauca [REDACTED]   Cesar [REDACTED]   Chocó [REDACTED]   Córdoba [REDACTED]   Cundinamarca [REDACTED]   Guainía [REDACTED]   Guaviare [REDACTED]   Huila [REDACTED]   La Guajira [REDACTED]   Magdalena [REDACTED]   Meta [REDACTED]   Nariño [REDACTED]   N. Santander [REDACTED]   Putumayo [REDACTED]   Quindío [REDACTED]   Risaralda [REDACTED]   San Andrés [REDACTED]   Santander [REDACTED]   Sucre [REDACTED]   Tolima [REDACTED]   Valle del Cauca [REDACTED]   Vaupés [REDACTED]   Vichada Capital district: [REDACTED]   Bogotá Tunja Tunja

735-717: The creation of the Granadine Confederation by 1858 the territory of now Boyaca became the Sovereign State of Boyacá . It was later rearranged in territory and administration and renamed as "Department of Boyaca" after a series of civil wars like the Colombian Civil War (1860–1862) and the Thousand Days War that struggled over a centralist or federalist system and political instability that changed to many constitutions (such as

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770-473: The departments of Arauca and Casanare . To the south, Boyacá borders the department of Cundinamarca and to the west with the Department of Antioquia covering a total area of 23,189 square kilometres (8,953 sq mi). The capital of Boyacá is the city of Tunja . Boyacá is known as "The Land of Freedom" because this region was the scene of a series of battles which led to Colombia's independence from Spain . The first one took place on 25 July 1819 in

805-725: The eastern Llanos plains. Among its most prominent geographical features are the Range of the Zorro , Serrania de las Quinchas and the Andean plateaus of Rusia , Guantivá , Pisba , Chontales and Rechiniga . The Altiplano Cundiboyacense , shared with the department of Cundinamarca , is densely populated with numerous valleys. The southern part is the Bogotá savanna . Boyacá is subdivided into 123 municipalities. Many rivers originate in Boyacá,

840-501: The expansionist intentions of the new psihipqua Nemequene . He asked the caciques of Gámeza , Sugamuxi , Tundama and Sáchica to help him to reinforce his army. A battle was fought in Ventaquemada and, when Nemequene was about to become the victor, he was fatally wounded and his troops retreated. Iraca retracted his support and Eucaneme got a truce whose terms would end when the Spanish arrived. When Eucaneme found out

875-571: The headquarters of Quemuenchatocha, finding him in a chair, dressed in gold in the same way as his companions who ran off, leaving him alone. The gold, the emeralds and the fancy fabrics were taken. This conquest took place where later the San Agustin Convent was built. Quemuenchatocha was taken to Suesca , with the hope he would reveal where he hid the rest of his treasure. He abdicated in favour of his nephew Aquiminzaque and retired to Ramiriquí where he died. The Spanish Invasion of

910-945: The lowest homicide rate in Colombia and is below average in Latin America according to the report from the International Centre of the Prevention of Crime for 2010. 2 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants in 2015 makes the city one of the safest in the Americas. According to other sources, this value is four times lower than the national average. Tunja is an example of a safe city. The streets are named according to 472 and Google Maps nomenclatures — (C: calle), (K: carrera), (S: south), (E: east), (A: ave). Southern Sector Eastern Sector Downtown Northern Sector Main places of interest are: Unicentro

945-495: The most important are the Chicamocha River and Arauca River and tributaries to other important rivers such as the Magdalena and Meta . Boyacá also has numerous lakes which include Lake Tota , Lake Sochagota and Lake Fúquene , shared with the department of Cundinamarca, the artificial Chivor Reservoir and others. El Cocuy and Pisba National Parks are located in the northeast of Boyacá. Pisba National Park

980-455: The northern and southernmost parts of South America . Tunja has a population of 172,548 inhabitants according to the 2018 Census. 0.1% of the city is indigenous, 0.4% is black, and 99.5% is white and Mestizo. It is located in central Colombia, at an elevation ranging from approximately 2,700 metres (8,900 ft) to 2,900 metres (9,500 ft). The city centre is at an elevation of 2,820 metres (9,250 ft) above sea level. Tunja's climate

1015-592: The public universities in Colombia. Other universities are: The city has two professional football teams: Boyacá Chico and Patriotas F.C. The teams play in the Colombian Professional Football A league. They play their games at La Independencia Stadium in the north of the city. The stadium was rebuilt for the Copa Libertadores 2009 , expanding capacity to 20,630 spectators and meeting FIFA specifications. The city organized

1050-460: The territories of Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama and Colombia, established when these countries were part of Gran Colombia . It was founded on 20 October 1822 by Vice President Francisco de Paula Santander . Among the most important schools are: Tunja's major university, the Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia (Uptc), was founded by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla , and is one of

1085-472: The territory begins when Jimenez de Quesada captures Quemuenchatocha who is succeeded in life by the young Aquiminzaque. The latter, along with his tribe were taken as an encomienda by Hernán Pérez de Quesada . The new zaque did not show belligerent in front of the Spaniards, and later himself converted to Catholicism. The continuous and numerous demands made by the Spaniards started to create discomfort among

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1120-523: The year is considered to be the dry seasons with intermittent rainfall. There are 13 provinces and two special districts in the Boyacá Department, listed below with their 123 municipalities. The department also has 123 corregimientos , 185 police inspectorates and numerous towns and small villages spread throughout the territory. Municipalities are also grouped into 45 notary circuits with 53 notaries public. One circuit main registry based in

1155-716: Was established, also a yard for the church and public buildings around the square; in 1550, the city outlines were consolidated. The same year, The franciscans arrive to the city, and the Dominicans a year later, the Augustinians in 1585 and the Jesuits in 1611; To the foundation, 77 yards are added and divided, along with 70 vegetable gardens, 11 estates and 44 stables. Only until 1616 two parishes are built to receive mestizos and Indians during colonial period: Santa Barbara, at southwest and Las Nieves, at north. Tunja has

1190-511: Was named Hunza . Hunzahúa took the title of hoa ("great lord", the same meaning as psihipqua who ruled from Muyquytá ), and reign over the lands from the Chicamocha to Fusagasugá and from the Llanos de San Juan to Panche and Muzo frontiers, including Vélez territory. This helped to unify the Muisca, especially with respect to their language and religion, until zipa Saguamanchica broke this unity due to differences with

1225-420: Was the brutal cacique and prophet Goranchacha who moved the capital for the northern Muisca from Ramiriquí to Tunja, then called Hunza . An era when frequent battles among cacicazgos took place, peace was proposed for the region and an agreement was made among caciques to choose a supreme chief to rule them all. Hunzahúa , who came from Ramiriqui , was elected. The capital of his confederation

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