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25-638: The Chinese National Vulnerability Database ( CNNVD ) is one of two national vulnerability databases of the People's Republic of China . It is operated by the China Information Technology Security Evaluation Center (CNITSEC), the 13th Bureau of China's foreign intelligence service, the Ministry of State Security (MSS). As of September 28, 2020, the database has 117,454 vulnerabilities cataloged with

50-541: A CVE being revealed to ultimately being published to the NVD is 7 days and that 75% of vulnerabilities are published unofficially before making it to the NVD, giving attackers time to exploit the vulnerability. In addition to providing a list of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), the NVD scores vulnerabilities using the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) which is based on

75-409: A broad range of publicly disclosed vulnerabilities, including Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE). The primary purpose of CVE, run by MITRE , is to attempt to aggregate public vulnerabilities and give them a standardized format unique identifier. Many vulnerability databases develop the received intelligence from CVE and investigate further providing vulnerability risk scores, impact ratings, and

100-502: A set of equations using metrics such as access complexity and availability of a remedy. In August 2023, the NVD initially marked an integer overflow bug in old versions of cURL as a 9.8 out of 10 critical vulnerability. cURL lead developer Daniel Stenberg responded by saying this was not a security problem, the bug had been patched nearly 4 years prior, requested the CVE be rejected, and accused NVD of "scaremongering" and "grossly inflating

125-566: A vulnerability for example the credibility of an exploitability, the current state of a system violation and the development of any workarounds that could be applied. This aspect of the CVSS rates the potential loss to individuals or organisations from a vulnerability. Furthermore, it details the primary target of a vulnerability ranging from personal systems to large organisations and the number of potentially affected individuals. The complication with utilising different scoring systems it that there

150-413: A wide array of global sources, including Chinese and Russian databases. Vulnerability databases advise organisations to develop, prioritize, and execute patches or other mitigations which attempt to rectify critical vulnerabilities. However, this can often lead to the creation of additional susceptibilities as patches are created hastily to thwart further system exploitations and violations. Depending upon

175-430: Is amended or accessed. When systems are created without the necessary auditing system, the exploitation of system vulnerabilities are challenging to identify and resolve. Vulnerability databases promulgate the significance of audit tracking as a deterrent of cyber attacks. Data protection is essential to any business as personal and financial information is a key asset and the purloining of sensitive material can discredit

200-401: Is based upon three primary metrics: base, temporal and environmental which each provide a vulnerability rating. This metric covers the immutable properties of a vulnerability such as the potential impact of the exposure of confidential information, the accessibility of information and the aftermath of the irretrievable deletion of information. The temporal metrics denote the mutable nature of

225-468: Is managed by the U.S. government agency the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). On Friday March 8, 2013, the database was taken offline after it was discovered that the system used to run multiple government sites had been compromised by a software vulnerability of Adobe ColdFusion . In June 2017, threat intel firm Recorded Future revealed that the median lag between

250-575: Is no consensus on the severity of a vulnerability thus different organisations may overlook critical system exploitations. The key benefit of a standardised scoring system like CVSS is that published vulnerability scores can be assessed, pursued and remedied rapidly. Organisations and individuals alike can determine the personal impact of a vulnerability on their system. The benefits derived from vulnerability databases to consumers and organisations are exponential as information systems become increasingly embedded, our dependency and reliance on them grows, as does

275-640: Is the U.S. government repository of standards-based vulnerability management data represented using the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP). This data enables automation of vulnerability management, security measurement, and compliance. NVD includes databases of security checklists, security related software flaws, misconfigurations, product names, and impact metrics. NVD supports the Information Security Automation Program (ISAP). NVD

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300-786: The Chinese National Vulnerability Database and Russia's Data Security Threats Database . A variety of commercial companies also maintain their own vulnerability databases, offering customers services which deliver new and updated vulnerability data in machine-readable format as well as through web portals. Examples include A.R.P. Syndicate's Exploit Observer, Symantec's DeepSight portal and vulnerability data feed, Secunia's (purchased by Flexera) vulnerability manager and Accenture's vulnerability intelligence service (formerly iDefense). Exploit Observer uses its Vulnerability & Exploit Data Aggregation System (VEDAS) to collect exploits & vulnerabilities from

325-690: The OSVDB. The OSVDB closed in April 2016. The U.S. National Vulnerability Database is a comprehensive cyber security vulnerability database formed in 2005 that reports on CVE. The NVD is a primary cyber security referral tool for individuals and industries alike providing informative resources on current vulnerabilities. The NVD holds in excess of 100,000 records. Similar to the OSVDB, the NVD publishes impact ratings and categorises material into an index to provide users with an intelligible search system. Other countries have their own vulnerability databases, such as

350-452: The development of standards" The agency has been criticized as a trojan horse manipulated by Chinese intelligence in order to take advantage of vulnerabilities in order to wage cyberwarfare against foreign targets. According to Boston based cybersecurity firm Recorded Future, the MSS evaluates all submitted vulnerabilities before releasing them in order to determine if they can be used for

375-496: The expertise, staff, and time to revise and remedy all potential system susceptibilities hence vulnerability scoring is a method of quantitatively determining the severity of a system violation. A multitude of scoring methods exist across vulnerability databases such as US-CERT and SANS Institute's Critical Vulnerability Analysis Scale but the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is the prevailing technique for most vulnerability databases including OSVDB, vFeed and NVD. The CVSS

400-1070: The first entry dated January 1, 2010. The organization is operated by the China Technology Evaluation Center ( 中国信息安全测评中心 ; Zhōngguó Xìnxī Ānquán Cèpíng Zhōngxīn , known in English as CNITSEC), which is a subsidiary office of the MSS, making the organization closely linked to the Chinese intelligence apparatus. According to its official website, CNNVD performs "analysis and information communication of security vulnerabilities of information technology products and systems; security risk assessment of information networks and important information systems of party and government organs; safety testing and evaluation of information technology products, systems and engineering construction; competency assessments and qualification reviews for information security services and professionals; theoretical research, technology research and development and

425-490: The hackers unregulated system access. Established databases ordinarily fail to implement crucial patches suggested by vulnerability databases due to an excessive workload and the necessity for exhaustive trialling to ensure the patches update the defective system vulnerability. Database operators concentrate their efforts into major system deficiencies which offers hackers unmitigated system access through neglected patches. All databases require audit tracks to record when data

450-473: The level of a user or organisation, they warrant appropriate access to a vulnerability database which provides the user with disclosure of known vulnerabilities that may affect them. The justification for limiting access to individuals is to impede hackers from being versed in corporation system vulnerabilities which could potentially be further exploited. Vulnerability databases contain a vast array of identified vulnerabilities. However, few organisations possess

475-594: The opportunity for data exploitation. Although the functionality of a database may appear unblemished, without rigorous testing, the exiguous flaws can allow hackers to infiltrate a system's cyber security. Frequently, databases are published without stringent security controls hence the sensitive material is easily accessible. Database attacks are the most recurrent form of cyber security breaches recorded on vulnerability databases. SQL and NoSQL injections penetrate traditional information systems and big data platforms respectively and interpolate malicious statements allowing

500-497: The purposes of cyber-espionage; according to researchers this was demonstrated through extensive backdating of vulnerabilities. Vulnerability database The first vulnerability database was the "Repaired Security Bugs in Multics", published by February 7, 1973 by Jerome H. Saltzer. He described the list as " a list of all known ways in which a user may break down or circumvent the protection mechanisms of Multics ". The list

525-498: The reputation of a firm. The implementation of data protection strategies is imperative to guard confidential information. Some hold the view that is it the initial apathy of software designers that in turn, necessitates the existence of vulnerability databases. If systems were devised with greater diligence, they may be impenetrable from SQL and NoSQL injections making vulnerability databases redundant. National Vulnerability Database The National Vulnerability Database ( NVD )

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550-857: The requisite workaround. In the past, CVE was paramount for linking vulnerability databases so critical patches and debugs can be shared to inhibit hackers from accessing sensitive information on private systems. The National Vulnerability Database (NVD), run by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), is operated separately from the MITRE-run CVE database, but only includes vulnerability information from CVE. NVD serves as an enhancement to that data by providing Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) risk scoring and Common Platform Enumeration (CPE) data. The Open Source Vulnerability Database provides an accurate, technical and unbiased index on vulnerability security. The comprehensive database cataloged over 121,000 vulnerabilities. The OSVDB

575-471: The severity level of issues". MITRE disagreed with Stenberg and denied his request to reject the CVE, noting that "there is a valid weakness ... which can lead to a valid security impact." In September 2023, the issue was rescored by the NVD as a 3.3 "low" vulnerability, stating that "it may (in theory) cause a denial of service" for attacked systems, but that this attack vector "is not especially plausible". This United States government–related article

600-636: Was founded in August 2002 and was launched in March 2004. In its primitive beginning, newly identified vulnerabilities were investigated by site members and explanations were detailed on the website. However, as the necessity for the service thrived, the need for dedicated staff resulted in the inception of the Open Security Foundation (OSF) which was founded as a non-profit organisation in 2005 to provide funding for security projects and primarily

625-564: Was initially kept somewhat private with the intent of keeping vulnerability details until solutions could be made available. The published list contained two local privilege escalation vulnerabilities and three local denial of service attacks. Major vulnerability databases such as the ISS X-Force database, Symantec / SecurityFocus BID database, and the Open Source Vulnerability Database (OSVDB) aggregate

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