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76-467: Chittagong Circular Railway is a suburban railway system in the city of Chittagong in Bangladesh to ameliorate the commuters' suffering and improve traffic situation in the city. The construction was complete by February 2013 and it became operational by May the same year. The railway is served by high speed DEMU commuter trains, procured from China. This article about transport in Bangladesh

152-707: A branch to La Spezia via Sestri Levante (eastern network). In a wide-ranging perspective, the Ligurian Electric Railways should have connected with the other existing lines such as the Turin-Genoa or the Alessandria–Piacenza railway . Alongside these there was also a proposal for a western network of the FEL composed of lines not interconnected with each other: it was the Savona - Sassello - Ovada,

228-651: A city's central business district, and often share right-of-way with intercity or freight trains. Some services operate only during peak hours and others use fewer departures during off peak hours and weekends. Average speeds are high, often 50 km/h (30 mph) or higher. These higher speeds better serve the longer distances involved. Some services include express services which skip some stations in order to run faster and separate longer distance riders from short-distance ones. The general range of commuter trains' travel distance varies between 15 and 200 km (10 and 125 miles), but longer distances can be covered when

304-685: A completely redesigned case, chopper electrical equipment made by the EEA company of Genoa and two Faiveley pantographs with double strip already tested on the B51 and A4 returned to service. Two years later the Gleismac company supplied the FGC with a diesel-hydraulic locomotive classified D1 with B'B' running gear, power 400 kW and maximum speed of 40 km/h, built in 1964 for the Deutsche Bundesbahn, which

380-413: A headway rather than a published timetable and use dedicated tracks (underground or elevated), whereas commuter rail often shares tracks, technology and the legal framework within mainline railway systems, and uses rolling stocks with more seating and higher speed for comfort on longer city-suburban journeys. However, the classification as a metro or rapid rail can be difficult as both may typically cover

456-581: A metropolitan area exclusively, run on separate tracks in the centre, and often feature purpose-built rolling stock. The fact that the terminology is not standardised across countries (even across English-speaking countries) further complicates matters. This distinction is most easily made when there are two (or more) systems such as New York's subway and the LIRR and Metro-North Railroad , Paris' Métro and RER along with Transilien , Washington D.C.'s Metro along with its MARC and VRE , London's tube lines of

532-602: A technical stopover. In 1956 a locomotive (unit 28) with a power of 355 kW with a maximum speed of 50 km/h already used on the Sangritana Railway was acquired by the FAA; in 1960 another unit (the 29) and spare parts were acquired.  The locomotives were part of a contract of fourteen four-axle locomotives built in 1924 with electrical equipment and bogies supplied by TIBB and case made by Carminati & Toselli. Originally narrow-gauge at 950 mm, they were converted to

608-423: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Suburban railway The term can refer to systems with a wide variety of different features and service frequencies, but is often used in contrast to rapid transit or light rail . Some services share similarities with both commuter rail and high-frequency rapid transit ; examples include New Jersey Transit in the U.S., German S-Bahn in some cities,

684-935: Is especially the case for lines operated by Korail , such as the Gyeongui-Jungang Line , the Gyeongchun Line , the Suin-Bundang Line , or the Gyeonggang Line . Even some lines not operated by Korail, such as the AREX Line, the Seohae Line or the Shinbundang Line mostly function as commuter rail. Lastly, even for the "numbered lines" (1–9) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway which mostly travel in

760-603: Is heavily used by commuters in the Greater Tokyo Area , who commute between 100 and 200 km (62 and 124 mi) by Shinkansen . To meet the demand of commuters, JR sells commuter discount passes. Before 2021, they operated 16-car bilevel E4 Series Shinkansen trains at rush hour, providing a capacity of 1,600 seats. Several lines in China, such as the Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway and

836-417: Is often a case of asset sweating , by using a single large combined fleet for intercity and regional services. Loco hauled services are usually run in push-pull formation, that is, the train can run with the locomotive at the "front" or "rear" of the train (pushing or pulling). Trains are often equipped with a control cab at the other end of the train from the locomotive, allowing the train operator to operate

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912-1963: Is one suburban rail called the Chittagong Circular Railway . Another suburban railway called the Dhaka Circular Railway is currently proposed. Karachi in Pakistan has a circular railway since 1969. Tehran Metro currently operates the Line 5 commuter line between Tehran and Karaj . Turkey has lines connecting Başkentray , İZBAN , Marmaray and Gaziray . Major metropolitan areas in most European countries are usually served by extensive commuter/suburban rail systems. Well-known examples include BG Voz in Belgrade (Serbia), S-Bahn in Germany, Austria and German-speaking areas of Switzerland, Proastiakos in Greece, RER in France and Belgium, Servizio ferroviario suburbano in Italy, Cercanías and Rodalies ( Catalonia ) in Spain, CP Urban Services in Portugal, Esko in Prague and Ostrava (Czech Republic), HÉV in Budapest (Hungary) and DART in Dublin (Ireland). London has multiple commuter rail routes: The Merseyrail network in Liverpool consists of two commuter rail routes powered by third rail, both of which branch out at one end. At

988-470: Is operationally more like a typical metro system (frequent trains, an emphasis on standing passengers , short station spacings) than it is like commuter rail in other countries. Japanese commuter rail commonly interline with city center subway lines, with commuter rail trains continuing into the subway network, and then out onto different commuter rail systems on the other side of the city. Many Japanese commuter systems operate various stopping patterns to reduce

1064-526: Is still possible to tell them apart. Some operators, for example Thameslink , focus solely on commuter services. Others, such as Avanti West Coast and LNER , run solely intercity services. Others still, such as GWR and EMR , run a mixture of commuter, regional and intercity services. Some of these operators use different branding for different types of service (for example EMR brands its trains as either "InterCity", "Connect" for London commuter services, and "Regional") but even for those operators that do not,

1140-512: Is used for both commuting and tourist purposes; it crosses three valleys and it was opened in 1929. While it is owned by Liguria Region , it has been operated since 2010 by AMT Genova . At the end of the nineteenth century, a direct railway link between Genoa and Emilia Romagna was proposed, as an alternative to the Turin–Genoa railway . The railway had to start from the Port of Genoa and cross

1216-579: Is used in Australia (Sydney for example) to describe the regional trains operating beyond the boundaries of the suburban services, even though some of these "inter-city" services stop all stations similar to German regional services. In this regard, the German service delineations and naming conventions are clearer and better used for academic purposes. Sometimes high-speed rail can serve daily use of commuters. The Japanese Shinkansen high speed rail system

1292-426: Is widely used in many commuter rail trains to increase capacity in rush hours. Carriages are usually not organized to increase seating capacity (although in some trains at least one carriage would feature more doors to facilitate easier boarding and alighting and bench seats so that they can be folded up during rush hour to provide more standing room) even in the case of commuting longer than 50 km and commuters in

1368-919: The Brisbane ( Queensland Rail 's City network ) and Perth ( Transperth ) systems in Australia, in some systems in Sweden, and on the Genoa-Casella line in Italy. Some countries and regions, including Finland , India, Pakistan, Russia , Brazil and Sri Lanka, as well as San Francisco ( BART ) in the US and Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia, use broad gauge track. Metro rail and rapid transit usually cover smaller inner-urban areas within 12 to 20 km (7 to 12 mi) of city centers, with shorter stop spacing, use rolling stocks with larger standing spaces, lower top speed and higher acceleration, designed for short-distance travel. They also run more frequently, to

1444-769: The Chennai MRTS , also covers over 300 stations and carries more than 2.5 million people daily to different areas in Chennai and its surroundings. Other commuter railways in India include the Hyderabad MMTS , Delhi Suburban Railway , Pune Suburban Railway and Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway . In 2020, Government of India approved Bengaluru Suburban Railway to connect Bengaluru and its suburbs. It will be unique and first of its kind in India as it will have metro like facilities and rolling stock. In Bangladesh, there

1520-528: The Greater Tokyo Area , Seoul metropolitan area , and Jabodetabek area have to stand in the train for more than an hour. Currently there are not many examples of commuter rail in Africa . Metrorail operates in the major cities of South Africa , and there are some commuter rail services in Algeria , Botswana , Kenya , Morocco , Egypt and Tunisia . In Algeria, SNTF operates commuter rail lines between

1596-845: The Guangshen Railway have more frequent metro-like service. The two MTR lines which are owned and formerly operated by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation ( East Rail line and Tuen Ma line which is integrated from the former West Rail line and Ma On Shan line in 2021), then the "KCR" ), and MTR's own Tung Chung line connect the new towns in New Territories and the city centre Kowloon together with frequent intervals, and some New Territories-bound trains terminate at intermediate stations, providing more frequent services in Kowloon and

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1672-585: The Jakarta city center with surrounding cities and sub-urbans in Banten and West Java provinces, including Depok , Bogor , Tangerang , Serpong , Rangkasbitung , Bekasi and Cikarang . In July 2015, KRL Commuterline served more than 850,000 passengers per day, which is almost triple of the 2011 figures, but still less than 3.5% of all Jabodetabek commutes. Other commuter rail systems in Indonesia include

1748-1023: The Metro Surabaya Commuter Line , Commuter Line Bandung , KAI Commuter Yogyakarta–Solo Line , Kedung Sepur , and the Sri Lelawangsa . In the Philippines, the Philippine National Railways has two commuter rail systems currently operational; the PNR Metro Commuter Line in the Greater Manila Area and the PNR Bicol Commuter in the Bicol Region . A new commuter rail line in Metro Manila,

1824-614: The North–South Commuter Railway , is currently under construction. Its North section is set to be partially opened by 2021. In Malaysia, there are two commuter services operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu . They are the KTM Komuter that serves Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding Klang Valley area , and the KTM Komuter Northern Sector that serves Greater Penang , Perak , Kedah and Perlis in

1900-723: The Réseau Express Régional (RER) in Paris, the S Lines in Milan, many Japanese commuter systems, the East Rail line in Hong Kong, and some Australasian suburban networks, such as Sydney Trains . Many commuter rail systems share tracks with other passenger services and freight . In North America, commuter rail sometimes refers only to systems that primarily operate during rush hour and offer little to no service for

1976-767: The Shanghai–Nanjing High-Speed Railway , serve a similar role with many more under construction or planned. In South Korea, some sections of the high-speed rail network are also heavily used by commuters, such as the section between Gwangmyeong Station and Seoul Station on the KTX network ( Gyeongbu HSR Line ), or the section between Dongtan Station and Suseo station on the SRT Line. The high-speed services linking Zürich , Bern and Basel in Switzerland (200 km/h (120 mph)) have brought

2052-588: The Underground and the Overground , Elizabeth line , Thameslink along with other commuter rail operators , Madrid's Metro and Cercanías , Barcelona's Metro and Rodalies , and Tokyo's subway and the JR lines along with various privately owned and operated commuter rail systems. Regional rail usually provides rail services between towns and cities, rather than purely linking major population hubs in

2128-605: The Yamanote Line , Keihin Tohoku Line , Chūō–Sōbu Line services arguably are more akin to rapid transit with frequent stops, simple stopping patterns (relative to other JR East lines) no branching services and largely serving the inner suburbs; other services along the Chūō Rapid Line , Sōbu Rapid Line / Yokosuka Line , Ueno–Tokyo Line , Shōnan–Shinjuku Line etc. are mid-distance services from suburban lines in

2204-502: The 300 km/h (186 mph) Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway . The regional trains Stockholm – Uppsala , Stockholm– Västerås , Stockholm– Eskilstuna and Gothenburg – Trollhättan in Sweden reach 200 km/h (120 mph) and have many daily commuters. In Great Britain , the HS1 domestic services between London and Ashford runs at a top speed of 225 km/h, and in peak hours

2280-528: The Central Business Districts (CBDs) of these three cities within 1 hour of each other. This has resulted in unexpectedly high demand for new commuter trips between the three cities and a corresponding increase in suburban rail passengers accessing the high-speed services at the main city-centre stations ( Hauptbahnhof ). The Regional-Express commuter service between Munich and Nuremberg in Germany runs at 200 km/h (120 mph) on

2356-570: The East Rail Line share tracks with intercity trains to mainland China . The three KCR lines are integrated into the MTR network since 2008 and most passengers do not need to exit and re-enter the system through separate fare gates and purchase separate tickets to transfer between such lines and the rest of the network (the exceptions are between the Tuen Ma line's East Tsim Sha Tsui station and

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2432-649: The Finale Ligure - Calizzano - Cengio and the Imperia - Pieve di Teco - Ormea with a branch to Albenga. In 1908 SAFEL applied to the Ministry for the concession for the construction of the Genoa-Casella. This concession was obtained on June 17, 1915. Like most of the local railways of the time, the line was almost entirely single-tracked and had a very winding alignment (in order to follow the orography of

2508-623: The Gleismac company was commissioned to re-body 9 out of 12 cars with the exception of the C22, previously transformed into a bar-carriage and became part of the Historic Train, and the C103-104, also assigned to the Historic Train. The A1 and A2 electromotives were rebuilt maintaining the traditional aesthetics in the following years by the social workshops. Finally, in 1985, the A3 electromotive with

2584-446: The Ligurian Apennines and then reach the Piacenza railway station and Borgotaro. However, it was designed as a fast line for long distances, with traffic mainly dedicated to goods. In this scenario, SAFEL (Società Anonima Ferrovie Elettrici Liguri) studied the construction of a passenger line for local use, complementary to Genoa-Piacenza, whose purpose was to connect the city center to all the small municipalities and holiday resorts of

2660-516: The Ligurian hinterland, otherwise not served by any rapid transport system. The first section of this extended network was made up of the Genoa-Casella. The original project later envisaged a "T" development: a transversal branch towards Busalla and one towards Torriglia , the latter with the prospect of a second phase of expansion towards the Piacenza area. Subsequently, SAFEL studied several proposals for further branches, structured in part as extra-urban tramways: from Torriglia towards Bobbio with

2736-411: The Ligurian mountains). Electrification was immediately planned for the railway, while the narrow gauge at 950 mm was initially thought to reduce infrastructure costs and in accordance with the provisions of the Superior Council of Public Works which recommended the adoption of the "Italian metric" (950 mm) for railways unlike the pure metric (1000 mm) adopted for tramways. However, to allow

2812-433: The Netherlands carry many commuters, while their equipment, range, and speeds are similar to those of commuter trains in some larger countries. The United Kingdom has a privatised rail system, with different routes and services covered by different private operators. The distinction between commuter and intercity rail is not as clear as it was before privatisation (when InterCity existed as a brand of its own), but usually it

2888-514: The Second World War the railway did not suffer particular damage, despite the bombings that raged on the city of Genoa. On the contrary, in that period there was the maximum exploitation of the line, used assiduously by displaced Genoese families (Casella, along with many inland places, was considered a safe place) and by workers who starting from the hills had to reach the city. The railway, like many lines granted, remained private until 1949, when it passed into government commissioner management. At

2964-447: The Spoleto-Norcia railway: these were vehicles built by C&T\TIBB in 1926 and rebuilt by Casaralta\TIBB in 1957 with new electrical equipment. Transferred to Genoa in 1970, they entered regular service, numbered A4-A7, between 1971 and 1973 after having provided the necessary variation of gauge from 950 mm to 1000 mm. On January 17, 1974, the A3 electromotive derailed due to a landslide in Sardorella, causing one death. On October 31 of

3040-411: The Tsuen Wan line's Tsim Sha Tsui station . In Taiwan, the Western line in the Taipei - Taoyuan Metropolitan Area, Taichung Metropolitan Area and Tainan - Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area as well as the Neiwan - Liujia line in the Hsinchu Area are considered commuter rail. In South Korea, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway includes a total of 22 lines, and some of its lines are suburban lines. This

3116-532: The Val di Fiemme Electric Railway, the Genova Casella Railway inherited the two locomotives B51 and B52 with Bo'Bo' running gear, 420 horsepower and a maximum speed of 45 km/h; three electromotives (A1-A3) built by TIBB for the electrical equipment and by C&T for the mechanical part in 1929. Also from Val di Fiemme came six carriages with bogies, two of which are of the long type classified as C101 and C102 and four of short type numbered from C103 to C106 and finally two static mercury converters, which were installed in

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3192-403: The building materials coming from Valbisagno, overcoming a difference in height of 450 m. Electric excavators and crushers (modern machinery at the time) were also adopted to produce the necessary sand and cement on site. In 1924 the S.E.N. (Società Elettrica Nazionale), a subsidiary of the Ernesto Breda industries, was awarded the contract for the laying of the track, for the construction of

3268-467: The capital Algiers and its southern and eastern suburbs. They also serve to connect Algiers ' main universities to each other. The Dar es Salaam commuter rail offers intracity services in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania. In Botswana, the ( Botswana Railways ) "BR Express" has a commuter train between Lobatse and Gaborone . In Japan, commuter rail systems have extensive network and frequent service and are heavily used. In many cases, Japanese commuter rail

3344-400: The construction of a connection in Manin with the Genoese tram network, the operating company presented a variation to the project, approved by the Superior Council of Public Works, which provided for the adoption of the 1000 mm gauge. This connection, however, although reported in the first design tables, was never realized. The coming of the First World War imposed a long postponement to

3420-412: The construction of the railway line. It was not until 28 February 1921 that the final agreement between the Government and SAFEL was signed, which gave the formal start to the construction sites. On June 26, 1921 the first stone was laid: the works for the civil works (tunnels, bridges, station buildings) were entrusted to the Consorzio Cooperative Liguri di Produzione e Lavoro tra Combattenti , which had

3496-417: The dense parts of Seoul, some track sections extend far outside of the city, and operate large sections at ground level, such as on the Line 1 , Line 3 and Line 4 . In Busan, the Donghae Line , while part of the Busan Metro system, mostly functions as a commuter rail line. In Indonesia , the KRL Commuterline is the largest commuter rail system in the country, serving the Greater Jakarta . It connects

3572-442: The electrical substation of Vicomorasso, where the original rectifiers with rotating groups were replaced and the voltage of the contact line was raised from 2.4 to 2.6 kV in direct current. Since the new static converters no longer allowed the recovery of energy, all the original traction material and that coming from the Venetian Company was set aside and subsequently demolished. Five years later four electromotives were purchased by

3648-403: The end of the war both the rolling stock and the structures had been damaged by the wear to which they had been subjected during the war, and the need to renew the traction park began to be felt. In 1953 the extension in regression was finally realized, entirely in the road, from the old to the new terminus station, called Casella-Paese, while the Casella-Deposito station remained active only as

3724-437: The extension projects without bothering to pay off outstanding debts with Breda and banca Nazionale del Lavoro, which had financed much of the construction of the line. In 1934 SAFEL was declared bankrupt after a court trial, and the management of the railway was acquired by the Lazzi bus companies. On 23 August 1937 two of the locomotives were destroyed in an accident near Vicomorasso in which five people were killed; to remedy

3800-416: The former BR 's Regional Railways , France's TER ( Transport express régional ), Germany's Regionalexpress and Regionalbahn , and South Korea's Tonggeun and Mugunghwa-ho services. In some European countries, the distinction between commuter trains and long-distance/intercity trains is subtle, due to the relatively short distances involved. For example, so-called " intercity " trains in Belgium and

3876-443: The help of a Mallet-type steam locomotive purchased by the Ferrovie dell'Appenno Centrale, but operations were interrupted due to lack of funds. Thanks to economic aid (from the Municipality of Genoa and the National Bank), in 1927 the works resumed, entrusted to the Breda company, which in addition to the electrification of the line and the laying of the track was responsible for completing the remaining civil works (the bridge between

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3952-441: The maximum speed of the line. The modernization of the network and rolling stock continued in successive phases in the following years: in 1980 the expansion of the bridge over the Scrivia was carried out with the movement of the last section of the line, first in promiscuous location, and construction of a doubling track in Casella Paese. The application of a new amaranth and cream painting scheme began for all passenger material and

4028-433: The metric one. In the years of mass motorization, the Genoa Casella Railway survived thanks to the low maintenance and operating costs, combined with the lack of a satisfactory road network, especially in the first half of the route. The fleet was integrated and modernized by recovering rolling stock abandoned by other railways gradually suppressed. In 1963, with the closure of the Ora-Predazzo metre gauge line, managed by

4104-502: The northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. In Thailand, the Greater Bangkok Commuter rail and the Airport Rail Link serve the Bangkok Metropolitan Region . The SRT Red Lines , a new commuter line in Bangkok, started construction in 2009. It opened in 2021. Another commuter rail system in Southeast Asia is the Yangon Circular Railway in Myanmar . In India, commuter rail systems are present in major cities and form an important part of people's daily lives. Mumbai Suburban Railway ,

4180-889: The number expected to rise even higher upon full completion of the Acharnes Railway Center . Eskişehir-Ankara and Konya-Ankara high speed train routes serve as high speed commuter trains in Turkey. Commuter/suburban trains are usually optimized for maximum passenger volume, in most cases without sacrificing too much comfort and luggage space, though they seldom have all the amenities of long-distance trains. Cars may be single- or double-level , and aim to provide seating for all. Compared to intercity trains, they have less space, fewer amenities and limited baggage areas. Commuter rail trains are usually composed of multiple units , which are self-propelled, bidirectional, articulated passenger rail cars with driving motors on each (or every other) bogie . Depending on local circumstances and tradition they may be powered either by diesel engines located below

4256-417: The oldest suburban rail system in Asia, carries more than 7.24 million commuters on a daily basis which constitutes more than half of the total daily passenger capacity of the Indian Railways itself. Kolkata Suburban Railway , one of the largest suburban railway networks in the world, consists of more than 450 stations and carries more than 3.5 million commuters per day. The Chennai Suburban Railway along with

4332-421: The other, the Northern line continues out of the city centre to a mainline rail interchange, while the Wirral line has a city-centre loop. Ferrovia Genova-Casella The Genova – Casella railway is a narrow gauge (1000 mm) railway in Liguria (Italy) that connects the city of Genoa to Casella , a village in the mountains inland from the city. It operates nine trains per day and it

4408-581: The outer reaches of Greater Tokyo through operating into these lines to form a high frequency corridor though central Tokyo. Other commuter rail routes in Japan include: Commuter rail systems have been inaugurated in several cities in China such as Beijing , Shanghai , Zhengzhou , Wuhan , Changsha and the Pearl River Delta . With plans for large systems in northeastern Zhejiang , Jingjinji , and Yangtze River Delta areas. The level of service varies considerably from line to line ranging high to near high speeds. More developed and established lines such as

4484-454: The overhead line, the electrical substations and for the supply of rolling stock. Meanwhile, the succession of numerous extension projects in different directions, some of which were very unlikely, required the use of considerable financial resources, causing the progressive economic instability of the company and also ending up slowing down the construction of the central trunk. The first tracks were laid in 1926 starting from Vicomorasso, with

4560-423: The passenger compartment ( diesel multiple units ) or by electricity picked up from third rails or overhead lines ( electric multiple units ). Multiple units are almost invariably equipped with control cabs at both ends, which is why such units are so frequently used to provide commuter services, due to the associated short turn-around time. Locomotive hauled services are used in some countries or locations. This

4636-432: The purpose of giving work to thousands of former soldiers and workers who remained unemployed after the conflict. The construction was entirely financed with private funds. The construction of the line turned out to be more complex than expected: during the construction of the downstream section (Genoa-Trensasco), where the track had to face steep climbs, a 1.2 km-long cable car was installed in order to easily transport

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4712-419: The railway opened). In 1930 the final section of the line was completed in Casella, consisting of the Vittorio Veneto bridge over the Scrivia stream, but the railway was not immediately extended along the route. In 1933, even though the railway was operating at full capacity with a high numbers of passengers and freight, SAFEL was on the verge of bankruptcy. This was because the company had invested heavily in

4788-552: The rest of the day, with regional rail being used to refer to systems that offer all-day service. Most commuter (or suburban) trains are built to main line rail standards, differing from light rail or rapid transit (metro rail) systems by: Compared to rapid transit (or metro rail), commuter/suburban rail often has lower frequency , following a schedule rather than fixed intervals, and fewer stations spaced further apart. They primarily serve lower density suburban areas (non inner-city), generally only having one or two stops in

4864-488: The same right-of-way can drastically reduce system construction costs. However, frequently they are built with dedicated tracks within that right-of-way to prevent delays, especially where service densities have converged in the inner parts of the network. Most such trains run on the local standard gauge track. Some systems may run on a narrower or broader gauge. Examples of narrow gauge systems are found in Japan, Indonesia , Malaysia , Thailand , Taiwan, Switzerland, in

4940-418: The same year the entire line was placed under seizure by order of the judiciary and can be reopened to traffic only after the completion of the most urgent works.  Thus in 1975 a work of renewal of the armament was carried out, with 36 kg/m rails instead of the original 27 kg/m rails and a third central rail in the curved sections to limit the risk of derailment. These interventions made it possible to raise

5016-440: The shortage of engine material, three electromotives were purchased by the Società Veneta, built by MAN in 1913 with running gear (A1) (1A) for the Montebelluna-Asolo and Montebelluna-Valdobbiadene tramways closed in 1931. The machines entered service in 1939, initially maintaining the original numbering (053, renumbered 055 in 1943, 054 and 056), after conversion of the original power supply system from 975 Vdc to 2400 Vdc. During

5092-461: The towns closer to Kowloon. They use rolling stocks with a faster maximum speed and have longer stop spacing compared to other lines which only run in the inner urban area, but in order to maximise capacity and throughput, these rolling stocks have longitudinal seatings, 5 pairs of doors in each carriage with large standing spaces like the urban lines, and run as frequent as well. Most of the sections of these four lines are overground and some sections of

5168-515: The train from either end. The motive power for locomotive-hauled commuter trains may be either electric or diesel–electric , although some countries, such as Germany and some of the former Soviet-bloc countries, also use diesel–hydraulic locomotives. In the US and some other countries, a three-and-two seat plan is used. Middle seats on these trains are often less popular because passengers feel crowded and uncomfortable. In Japan, South Korea and Indonesia, longitudinal (sideways window-lining) seating

5244-450: The trains can be full with commuters standing. The Athens Suburban Railway in Greece consists of five lines, 4 of which are electrified. The Kiato – Piraeus line and the Aigio – Airport lines reach speeds of up to 180 km/h (112 mph). The Athens – Chalcis line is also expected to attain speeds of up to 200 km/h (124 mph) upon upgrading of the SKA–Oinoi railway sector. These lines also have many daily commuters, with

5320-471: The trains run between two or several cities (e.g. S-Bahn in the Ruhr area of Germany). Distances between stations may vary, but are usually much longer than those of urban rail systems. In city centres the train either has a terminal station or passes through the city centre with notably fewer station stops than those of urban rail systems. Toilets are often available on-board trains and in stations. Their ability to coexist with freight or intercity services in

5396-418: The travel time to distant locations, often using station passing loops instead of dedicated express tracks. It is notable that the larger Japanese commuter rail systems are owned and operated by for-profit private railway companies, without public subsidy. East Japan Railway Company operates a large suburban train network in Tokyo with various lines connecting the suburban areas to the city center. While

5472-510: The two Fontanassa tunnels, the Cicala and Puin viaducts). On June 7, 1928, the steam locomotive used in the construction of the line itself made a presentation trip to Casella pulling a passenger car with the Podestà of Genoa, Sant'Olcese, Serra Riccò and Casella on board, welcomed by the citizens in celebration along the way. Only on October 2, 1928 was the first electric train – reserved for

5548-608: The two hundred members of the Italian Electrotechnical Association which in those days held its annual congress in Genoa ;– able to circulate on the entire line. On 1 September 1929 the official inauguration of the line took place, which started from Piazza Manin but was limited to Casella-Deposito. Due to the lack of external funding, the ambitious project of the Ligurian railway network

5624-574: The type of train, amenities offered, and stopping pattern, usually tell the services apart. Russian commuter trains , on the other hand, frequently cover areas larger than Belgium itself, although these are still short distances by Russian standards. They have a different ticketing system from long-distance trains, and in major cities they often operate from a separate section of the train station. Some consider "inter-city" service to be that which operates as an express service between two main city stations, bypassing intermediate stations. However, this term

5700-470: The way inter-city rail does. Regional rail operates outside major cities. Unlike Inter-city, it stops at most or all stations between cities. It provides a service between smaller communities along the line that are often byproducts of ribbon developments , and also connects with long-distance services at interchange stations located at junctions, terminals, or larger towns along the line. Alternative names are "local train" or "stopping train". Examples include

5776-639: Was never completed, and Casella became the terminus. During the first period of activity, the railway carried out a mixed freight-passenger service, enjoying good success in terms of users. The direct-current electrification was originally used 2400 V. The fleet of first equipment consisted of the vehicles supplied by Breda: 3 locomotives-trunk (001-003) with Bo'Bo' running gear and 360 horsepower, characterized by an innovative Breda-Somarini energy recovery system, unique in Italy; 4 third-class carriages (50-53); 3 mixed first-third class (20-22) and 16 freight wagons of various types (delivered in 1926, well before

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