Near passerines and higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre- cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes ) owing to morphological and ecological similarities; the group corresponds to some extent with the Anomalogonatae of Alfred Henry Garrod .
12-499: The Choco toucan ( Ramphastos brevis ) is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae , the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. The Choco toucan was long treated as a subspecies of the yellow-throated toucan ( R. ambiguus ) but vocal differences and other characteristics led to their being split. It and the channel-billed toucan ( R. vitellinus ) are sister species . The Choco toucan
24-422: A maroon tinge; their upperparts and tail are black except for white uppertail coverts . Bare yellow-green to olive green skin surrounds their eye. Their throat and breast are yellow with a narrow red band below the breast. Their belly is black and their undertail coverts red. The plumage is almost identical to that of the "chestnut-mandibled" subspecies of yellow-throated toucan ( R. a. swainsonii ), with which there
36-561: A migratory pattern, but pairs and groups move up- and downslope while foraging. The Choco toucan forages mostly in the forest canopy. Its diet is not known in detail but is mainly fruits and probably includes insects and small vertebrates. It has been noted following army ant swarms, probably to feed on prey disturbed by them. The Choco toucan's breeding season appears to be mostly between June and August though it might begin much earlier in Colombia. Pairs display to each other by swinging their heads back and forth while vocalizing. Nothing else
48-400: Is monotypic . The Choco toucan is 46 to 48.5 cm (18 to 19 in) long and weighs 365 to 482 g (13 to 17 oz). The sexes are alike though the female's bill is shorter than the male's. Their bill's maxilla is mostly yellow with some green on the culmen and a black triangle at its base. Their mandible is black, sometimes with a yellow tip. Their crown and nape are black with
60-777: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Australaves Australaves is a clade of birds , defined in 2012, consisting of the Eufalconimorphae ( passerines , parrots and falcons ) as well as the Cariamiformes (including seriemas and the extinct " terror birds "). They appear to be the sister group of Afroaves . This clade was defined in the PhyloCode by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Cariama cristata and Passer domesticus ". The clade's name, meaning 'southern birds', reflects
72-482: Is a range overlap, but their voices separate them. As suggested by its common name , the Choco toucan is restricted to the humid Chocó region from northwestern Colombia to southwestern Ecuador. It mostly inhabits lowland and foothill forest but also occurs in pastures and plantations with fruiting trees that adjoin forest. In elevation it is found up to about 1,550 m (5,100 ft). The Choco toucan does not have
84-410: Is known about their breeding biology. [REDACTED] The Choco toucan is one of the "croaker" group of toucans. Its call is "a steadily repeated series of croaking 'kreeork' notes, sometimes speeded up into a 'kriik'." It also clacks its bill and makes grating sounds with a closed bill. The IUCN has assessed the Choco toucan as being of Least Concern. It has a large range, but its population size
96-590: Is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered uncommon to locally common in Ecuador, and occurs in at least one protected area in each of that country and Colombia. It is hunted for food and traditional medicine practices. It "[r]equires study in order to determine its requirements, and to ascertain whether its present conservation status needs to be reassessed." Near-passerine All near passerines are land birds. However, molecular data does not support
108-759: The Psittaciformes (parrots), the Falconiformes (falcons), and the Cariamiformes (seriemas). These three orders, together with the Passeriformes make up the Australaves . Sister to the Australaves are the Afroaves (see Telluraves ). The phylogenetic relationships between the orders are: Cariamiformes – seriemas Falconiformes – falcons Psittaciformes – parrots Passeriformes – passerines This bird-related article
120-589: The group's evolutionary origins in the Southern Hemisphere : passerines and parrots in Australia , and falcons and seriemas in South America . As in the case of Afroaves, the most basal clades have predatory extant members, suggesting this was the ancestral lifestyle; however, some researchers like Darren Naish are skeptical of this assessment, since some extinct representatives such as
132-463: The herbivorous Strigogyps led other lifestyles. Basal parrots and falcons are at any rate vaguely crow -like and probably omnivorous. Cariamiformes (seriemas) [REDACTED] Falconiformes (falcons) [REDACTED] Psittaciformes (parrots) [REDACTED] Passeriformes (songbirds) [REDACTED] Cladogram of Telluraves relationships based on Kuhl et al . (2020) and Braun & Kimball (2021) This bird-related article
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#1732787108130144-488: The traditional arrangement; it is now clear that "near passerines" and "higher landbirds" are not synonymous. Per Ericson and colleagues, analyzing genomic DNA revealed a lineage comprising Passeriformes, Psittaciformes and Falconiformes . Pterocliformes (sandgrouse), Columbiformes (pigeons), Cuculiformes (cuckoos), Caprimulgiformes (nightjars), and Apodiformes (swifts, hummingbirds) are no longer recognized as near passerines. The true near-passerine families are
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