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19-576: Chodko Jurewicz , chamberlain to Grand Duke Vytenis , was probably the ancestor of the whole clan and gave it the name Chodkiewicz , meaning "son of Chodzko". Surnames were not used in that time, but apparently later in history, the name Chodzko became a surname after Christianization of Chodzko Juriewicz, father of Iwan (later Jan) Chodkiewicz. They bore the Chodkiewicz coat of arms . In 1572, Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz converted from Calvinism to Roman Catholicism with his two sons, which made them

38-514: A privilege to nobles of Eastern Orthodox faith, making their rights equal to those of noble Roman Catholics . He guaranteed that no noble, regardless of religion, could be imprisoned or punished without a court order. The privilege was an important development and accelerated the formation of a feudal system . Sigismund's army defeated Švitrigaila in the Battle of Wiłkomierz on 1 September 1435. The Livonian Order , an ally of Švitrigaila, suffered

57-431: Is derived from George (Polish: Jerzy , Lithuanian: Jurgis , Ruthenian: Yuri ). According to Polish historian Adam Boniecki, Chodko might be derived from Chodor and could be a broken form of Feodor (Theodore). Traditionally it was believed that Chodko was Eastern Orthodox and hailed from Kiev . This belief was taken from a bitter 1567 letter by Ivan Dmitrovich Belski addressed to Hrehory Chodkiewicz where Hrehory

76-520: The Battle of Ashmyany alongside Švitrigaila and was taken prisoner. Most likely that was a different Chodka, who remained loyal to Švitrigaila until 1446. In February 1434, Chodko Jurewicz witnessed the renewal of the Union of Grodno by Sigismund Kęstutaitis and Jogaila. Of 41 seals affixed to the treaty, Chodko's Kościesza coat of arms was 9th. It is unclear how he obtained the Polish arms. According to

95-573: The Chodkiewicz family was of Lithuanian origin. The first author to ascertain the Lithuanian origin was Augustinus Rotundus , a 16th-century researcher of Lithuanian history and diplomacy. In 1564 he wrote that the Chodkiewich family was an old and respected Lithuanian family, founded by Chodko. According to Rotundus, Chodko carried a Lithuanian Grand Duke on his shoulders from a battlefield thus savings his lord's life. For this deed, he earned

114-576: The Teutonic Knights in 1311. The Lithuanians suffered a defeat and Gediminas's son Algirdas was injured. Chodko rescued Algirdas and tended his wounds. For this deed Chodko was awarded lands between the Narew and Neman Rivers . Stryjkowski's work was ordered by the Radziwiłł and Chodkiewicz families. Thus it was very favorable to them and served their political interest. It is clear that

133-624: The Teutonic Knights . When Vytautas allied with the Teutonic Knights for the second time to fight Skirgaila , Sigismund was a hostage of the Teutonic Knights, together with his family from 1389 to 1398. He became Duke of Navahrudak (1390–1440), and Starodub from 1406. He participated in the Battles of Vorskla and the Grunwald . After the death of Vytautas, he supported his cousin Švitrigaila in his fight against Poland , but later

152-584: The Treaty of Melno . At the time he was a regent in Polotsk . Among some 120 witnesses to the treaty, Chodko was 104th. Lithuanian historian Genutė Kirkienė noted that in 1415 a certain Chodconi was sent on a diplomatic mission by Grand Duke Vytautas to Jogaila , King of Poland . She suggested that Chodconi and Chodko were the same person and the mission was the early career of the rising noble. In 1431 Chodko

171-406: The Union of Horodło , 47 Lithuanian nobles adopted Polish coats of arms. However, Eastern Orthodox nobles from Ruthenia were excluded. Chodko remained influential in domestic politics and along with voivodes of Trakai and Vilnius distributed veldamai (a class of dependent peasants) to other nobles. His name disappeared from written sources in 1447. The historiography has long held that

190-630: The Chodkiewicz family wanted to established their noble pedigree since the beginning of the 14th century. More specifically, Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz wanted to show his ancestral ties with the Duchy of Samogitia , where he and his father Hieronim Chodkiewicz served as elders. Later writers and historians copied the story from Stryjkowski with various modifications. For example, Bartosz Paprocki (1543–1614) treated Barejko and Chodko as one person; Wojciech Wijuk Kojałowicz (1609–1677) claimed it

209-480: The first Polonized generation of the once Lithuanian-Ruthenian family. Emperor Charles V granted them the title of Imperial Count . This Lithuanian history -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about Belarusian history is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Chodko Jurewicz Chodko Jurewicz ( Ukrainian : Ходко Юрійович , Lithuanian : Chodka (Katkus) Jurgaitis ; fl. c.1400–1447)

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228-427: The nickname Chodko (from East Slavic: chodit – walking). The theory was further developed by Maciej Stryjkowski (ca. 1547–1593) in his epic poem On the beginnings, accounts, virtues, marital and domestic affairs of the famed nations of Lithuania, Samogitia, Ruthenia (Polish: O początkach, wywodach, dzielnościach, sprawach rycerskich i domowych sławnego narodu litewskiego, żemojdzkiego i ruskiego ). According to

247-584: The poem, an envoy from the Golden Horde asked Grand Duke Gediminas (ruled 1316–1341) for a duel with a Lithuanian warrior. In the case of the Lithuanian victory, Gediminas would stop paying tribute to the Tatar Khan . Samogitian Borejko (Lithuanian: Bareika ) won the challenge and was generously rewarded by the Grand Duke. Later Chodko, one of the four sons of Borejko, commanded a raid against

266-491: Was Grand Duke Vytenis and not Gediminas who organized the duel with a Tatar and that Chodko rescued Vytenis not from a battlefield but from a hunting accident. The tale survived in the history books until the end of the 19th century when it was rejected as a legend by critically minded historians. Sigismund K%C4%99stutaitis Sigismund Kęstutaitis ( Lithuanian : Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis , Polish : Zygmunt Kiejstutowicz ; 1365 – 20 March 1440)

285-504: Was a Lithuanian - Ruthenian noble from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and is considered to be the founder of the Chodkiewicz family . Chodko was a historical person, but his obscure origin and biography have long been surrounded by legends and disputed by scholars. Chodko Jurewicz died after 1447 and was succeeded by his son Ivan Chodkiewicz . There is no reliable information regarding Chodko's ancestry. His patronymic name Jurewicz

304-454: Was convinced by nobles to join a conspiracy against him. On 1 September 1432, Sigismund became the Grand Duke of Lithuania. He signed the Union of Grodno with Jogaila and ceded some territories in Volhynia and Podolia to Poland. However, Švitrigaila was still active and had the support of many Eastern Orthodox nobles. In 1434, in an attempt to attract support from these nobles, he issued

323-573: Was part of a Lithuanian delegation to Jogaila , King of Poland . In June 1431 he witnessed the Treaty of Christmemel between Švitrigaila and the Teutonic Knights . The treaty created an anti-Polish alliance and began the Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435) . Of the nine Lithuanian witnesses, Chodko (as Thudko Juriowicz ) was seventh and the only Ruthenian. But about a year later, Chodko supported Sigismund Kęstutaitis in his coup d'état against Švitrigaila. On 8 December 1432, Chodka fought in

342-543: Was reminded that the Chodkiewicz family used to be dukes of Kiev. However, this likely referred to rivalry between Hrehory's grandfather Ivan Chodkiewicz and Feodor Ivanovich Belski for the Kiev Voivodeship and not to the ancestral possessions of Chodko. Analysis of estate records indicated that Chodko had possessions in the area of Hrodna , Gródek , and Supraśl . Chodko was first mentioned in written sources in 1422, when he (as Thoyto or Choyto ) signed

361-557: Was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1432 to 1440. Sigismund was his baptismal name , while his pagan Lithuanian birth name is unknown. He was the son of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Kęstutis and his wife Birutė . After the death of Kęstutis , he was a prisoner of Jogaila from 1382 to 1384. Sigismund was baptized in Catholic rite in 1383. In 1384, he escaped captivity and joined his brother Vytautas , who allied himself with

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