Project management software are computer programs that help plan, organize, and manage resources.
44-480: Glitch, Inc. (previously known as Fog Creek Software ) is a software company specializing in project management tools. Its products included project management and content management , and code review tools. Fastly acquired the company in 2022. The company's original name was Fog Creek. Based in New York City , Fog Creek was founded in 2000 as a consulting company by Joel Spolsky and Michael Pryor. As
88-481: A 50% increase in score on average. As of 2011, 92% of the questions were answered, in a median time of 11 minutes. As of August 2012 , 443,000 of the 1.3 million registered users had answered at least one question, and of those, approximately 6,000 (0.46% of the total user count) had earned a reputation score greater than 5000. Reputation can be gained fastest by answering questions related to tags with lower expertise density, doing so promptly (in particular being
132-430: A bug which allowed an attacker to grant themselves privileges in accessing the production version of the site. Stack Overflow published on their blog that approximately 184 public network users were affected by this breach, which "could have returned IP address, names, or emails". In mid-2023, Stack Exchange made several changes regarding its policies around content generated by artificial intelligence which resulted in
176-513: A collaborative project management hosted web application that operated under a freemium business model. Trello was cross-subsidized by the company's other products. A basic service is provided free of charge, and a Business Class paid-for service was launched in 2013. In July 2014, Fog Creek Software spun off Trello as its own company operating under the name of Trello, Inc. Trello Inc. raised $ 10.3 million in funding from Index Ventures and Spark Capital . In January 2017, Atlassian announced it
220-492: A fashion similar to a wiki or Digg . Users of Stack Overflow can earn reputation points and "badges" when another user votes up a question or answer they provided. As of September 2020, Stack Overflow has over 12,000,000 registered users and more than 20,100,000 questions. Based on the type of tags assigned to questions, the top ten most discussed topics on the site are: JavaScript , Java , Python , C# , PHP , Android , HTML , jQuery , C++ , and CSS . Following
264-412: A fashion similar to a wiki . Users of Stack Overflow can earn reputation points and "badges"; for example, a person is awarded 10 reputation points for receiving an "up" vote on a question or an answer to a question, and can receive badges for their valued contributions, which represents a gamification of the traditional Q&A website. Users unlock new privileges with an increase in reputation like
308-430: A friendly, accessible community; since its launch over a million people have used the site to make web applications. The Glitch site is self-hosting (except for the editor and API), allowing users to view or remix the site's source code . In December 2018, Mozilla announced that it will retire Thimble , Mozilla's browser-based educational code editor, and asked users to migrate all of their projects to Glitch. Thimble
352-451: A group of investors led by Union Square Ventures . In 2019, Stack Overflow named Prashanth Chandrasekar as its chief executive officer and Teresa Dietrich as its chief product officer. In June 2021, Prosus , a Netherlands-based subsidiary of South African media company Naspers , announced a deal to acquire Stack Overflow for $ 1.8 billion. In early May 2019, an update was deployed to Stack Overflow's development version. It contained
396-416: A heavily modified version of TightVNC , a variant of Virtual Network Computing (VNC), as its core protocol. On November 7, 2005, a documentary on the interns' summer, titled Aardvark'd: 12 Weeks with Geeks , was released. It was produced by Lerone D. Wilson of Boondoggle Films. In 2014 Fog Creek restructured, spinning Copilot out as a separate company. In 2022, Copilot announced it was closing and that
440-550: A post to Meta Stack Exchange, which raised concerns regarding the quality and accuracy of AI-generated content, and the lack of transparency from Stack Exchange surrounding this policy change. Moderators also stated that the version of the policy released to the public differed from the version they had received on the moderator-only forum, notably in that the public version did not include language requiring that moderators stop restricting all AI content. Stack Overflow only accepts questions about programming that are tightly focused on
484-527: A question, establishing a profile and being able to earn reputation to allow functionality like editing questions and answers without peer review or voting to close a question. Stack Overflow won the 2020 Webby People's Voice Award for Community in the category Web. The site's culture has been criticized in the past for being unfriendly by one research paper, especially in the context of gender differences in participation and beginners learning computer science. A 2023 study by another researcher concluded that
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#1732800791248528-431: A specific problem. Questions of a broader nature—or those inviting answers that are inherently a matter of opinion—are usually rejected by the site's users, and marked as closed. The sister site softwareengineering.stackexchange.com is intended to be a venue for broader queries, e.g. general questions about software development . Closing questions is a main differentiation from other Q&A sites like Yahoo! Answers and
572-498: A strike of a portion of its volunteer moderators. The protest centered around a policy posted to moderators on May 29 stating that the use of AI-detection tools were not permitted to be used as part of moderation. In a statement, Stack Exchange confirmed that 11% of moderators had ceased content moderation in response to this policy. This would grow to more than 23% of all moderators on the network by June 22, including more than 70% of all Stack Overflow moderators. The strike began with
616-603: A trend that had a lot to do with the formation of the American Association of Engineers AACE (1956), and Rang and DuPont's Critical Path Method, which has been used to calculate project duration ever since 1957. The trend is also related to the appearance of the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) in 1958. PERT advanced project monitoring, enabling users to simultaneously monitor tasks, evaluate their quality, and estimate
660-419: A way to prevent low quality questions. The mechanism was overhauled in 2013; questions edited after being put "on hold" now appear in a review queue. Jeff Atwood stated in 2010 that duplicate questions are not seen as a problem but rather they constitute an advantage if such additional questions drive extra traffic to the site by multiplying relevant keyword hits in search engines . All user-generated content
704-402: Is an integrated web-based project management system featuring bug and issue tracking , discussion forums , wikis , customer relationship management , and evidence-based scheduling developed by Fog Creek Software. It was briefly rebranded as Manuscript in 2017, which was acquired in 2018 and was renamed back to FogBugz. CityDesk was a website management software package. The backend of
748-429: Is licensed under Creative Commons Attribute-ShareAlike license, version 2.5, 3.0, or 4.0 depending on the date the content was contributed. A 2013 study has found that 75% of users only ask one question, 65% only answer one question, and only 8% of users answer more than 5 questions. To empower a wider group of users to ask questions and then answer, Stack Overflow created a mentorship program resulting in users having
792-598: The Campaign to Organize Digital Employees . The company voluntarily recognized their union. Around the same time, the company laid off a third of its staff during the COVID-19 pandemic . In February 2021, Glitch workers signed a collective bargaining agreement with the company. According to the Communications Workers of America (CWA), this is the first agreement signed by white collar tech workers in
836-576: The United States. Cloud services Fastly , known for its content delivery network , acquired Glitch, as announced in May 2022. CEO Anil Dash became Fastly's VP of developer experience. Glitch's staff had declined since 2020 from 50 to 14 employees, all of whom joined Fastly. The union dissolved prior to the acquisition when its collective bargaining agreement expired and the union's three remaining members decided not to pursue another agreement. FogBugz
880-439: The ability to vote, comment, and even edit other people's posts. As of March 2024 Stack Overflow has over 23 million registered users and has received over 24 million questions and 35 million answers. The site and similar programming question and answer sites have globally mostly replaced programming books for day-to-day programming reference in the 2000s, and today are an important part of computer programming . Based on
924-584: The consulting market started to dry up due to the collapse of the Dot-com bubble , Fog Creek moved to a product-based business. In December 2016 Anil Dash was appointed CEO. Fog Creek's offices are located in the Financial District of Manhattan . On September 25, 2018, the company was officially renamed Glitch after its flagship product. Glitch staff announced intentions to unionize with the Communications Workers of America in early 2020 as part of
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#1732800791248968-474: The development of project management software was 1896, marked by the introduction of the Harmonogram. Polish economist Karol Adamiecki attempted to display task development in a floating chart and laid the foundation for project management software as it is today. In 1912, Henry Gantt replaced the Harmonogram with the more advanced Gantt chart , a scheduling diagram that broke ship design tasks down for
1012-454: The domain name had been sold. In 2008, Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky created Stack Overflow , a question-and-answer Web site for computer programming questions, which they described as an alternative to the programmer forum Experts-Exchange . Stack Overflow serves as a platform for users to ask and answer questions, and, through membership and active participation, to vote questions and answers up or down and edit questions and answers in
1056-494: The experience of taking a project through its entire lifecycle from inception, to mature released product. The interns set up a blog , called Project Aardvark, where they posted updates on the progress of their project, even though at that time the details were still secret. On July 1, 2005, the Project Aardvark team revealed that they were working on a remote assistance system for consumer use. Fog Creek Copilot uses
1100-622: The first one to answer a question), being active during off-peak hours, and contributing to diverse areas. Stack Overflow is written in C# using the ASP.NET MVC ( Model–View–Controller ) framework, and Microsoft SQL Server for the database and the Dapper object-relational mapper used for data access. Unregistered users have access to most of the site's functionality, while users who sign in can gain access to more functionality, such as asking or answering
1144-511: The first project management systems started to emerge. Oracle and Artemis launched their project managers in 1977, while Scitor Corporation did the same in 1979. Many improvements followed in the upcoming decades. In 1986, Carnegie Mellon University ’s Software Engineering Institute introduced capability maturity software, a five-level project management method for rapidly maturing processes, while in 1988, users were introduced to earned value management which added processes’ scope and cost to
1188-423: The level of effort required to complete the project(s). Typical requirements might include: A collaborative system is designed to support multiple users modifying different sections of the plan at once; for example, updating the areas they personally are responsible for such that those estimates get integrated into the overall plan. Web-based tools, including extranets , generally fall into this category, but have
1232-489: The limitation that they can only be used when the user has live Internet access. To address this limitation, some software tools using client–server architecture provide a rich client that runs on users' desktop computer and replicates project and task information to other project team members through a central server when users connect periodically to the network. Some tools allow team members to check out their schedules (and others' as read only) to work on them while not on
1276-566: The most common project management software tool types is scheduling tools. Scheduling tools are used to sequence project activities and assign dates and resources to them. The detail and sophistication of a schedule produced by a scheduling tool can vary considerably with the project management methodology used, the features provided and the scheduling methods supported. Scheduling tools may include support for: Project planning software can be expected to provide information to various people or stakeholders, and can be used to measure and justify
1320-435: The network. When reconnecting to the database, all changes are synchronized with the other schedules. A common problem in project management is a difficulty with both viewing and understanding large amounts of fluctuating project data. To tackle this, some project management software utilize information visualization , so that users can more easily find, analyze and make changes to their data. To avoid information overload ,
1364-520: The private beta of the new website, limiting its use to those willing to test out the new software. On 15 September 2008 it was announced that the public beta version was in session and that the general public was now able to use it to seek assistance on programming related issues. The design of the Stack Overflow logo was decided by a voting process. On 3 May 2010, it was announced that Stack Overflow had raised $ 6 million in venture capital from
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1408-402: The purposes of Hoover Dam in early 1931. Today's Gantt charts are almost the same as their original counterparts and are a part of many project management systems. The term project management was not used prior to 1954 when US Air Force General Bernard Adolph Schriever introduced it for military purposes. In the years to follow, project management gained relevance in the business world —
1452-524: The schedule. The trend continued with PRINCE2 (1996) which increased the number of processes to seven, because of which developers considered designing products for managing complex projects. In 2001, they adopted the Agile project management concept and focused on adaptive planning and flexible response to changes. In 2006, users were already able to trigger total cost management , a framework that helps control and reduce costs in project management. One of
1496-469: The software behind Stack Overflow, with monthly fees. This white label service was not successful, with few customers and slowly growing communities. In May 2010, Stack Overflow was spun-off as its own new company, Stack Exchange Inc., and raised $ 6 million in venture capital from Union Square Ventures and other investors, and it switched its focus to developing new sites for answering questions on specific subjects. In 2011, Fog Creek released Trello ,
1540-524: The success of Stack Overflow they started additional sites in 2009 based on the Stack Overflow model: Server Fault for questions related to system administration and Super User for questions from computer " power users ". In June 2021, Prosus acquired Stack Overflow for $ 1.8 billion. In September 2009, Fog Creek Software released a beta version of the Stack Exchange 1.0 platform as a way for third parties to create their own communities based on
1584-558: The system ran as a desktop application written on Windows in Visual Basic 6.0 with all data stored in a Microsoft Jet database. It was one of FogBugz's first products, first announced in 2001. Fog Creek Copilot was a remote assistance service offered by Fog Creek Software . It launched on August 8, 2005. Originally known as Project Aardvark, Fog Creek Copilot was developed by a group of summer interns at Fog Creek Software. Fog Creek's founder, Joel Spolsky , wanted to give his interns
1628-498: The time needed to accomplish each of them. Like Gantt charts and CPM, PERT was invented for military purposes, this time for the US Navy Polaris missile submarine program. In 1965, there was a new improvement in project management technology. The US Department of Defense presented the work breakdown structure (WBS) to dissolve projects into even smaller visual units, organizing them in a hierarchical tree structure. WBS
1672-510: The type of tags assigned to questions, the top eight most discussed topics on the site are: JavaScript , Java , C# , PHP , Android , Python , jQuery , and HTML . The website was created by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky in 2008. The name for the website was chosen by voting in April 2008 by readers of Coding Horror , Atwood's programming blog. On 31 July 2008, Jeff Atwood sent out invitations encouraging his subscribers to take part in
1716-497: The visualization mantra of “overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand” is often followed. Stack Overflow Stack Overflow is a question-and-answer website for computer programmers . It is the flagship site of the Stack Exchange Network . It was created in 2008 by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky . It features questions and answers on certain computer programming topics. It
1760-592: The website's new users were met with significant difficulties in obtaining help from other users in posts started by the former; an analysis from a sample of 968 posts showed that 49% experienced hurdles such as their questions being closed, receiving no response, or receiving no mention as to why their posts were being negatively scored. A study from the University of Maryland found that Android developers that used only Stack Overflow as their programming resource tended to write less secure code than those who used only
1804-620: Was acquiring Trello for $ 425 million. The Glitch web application launched in the spring of 2017 as a place for people to build simple web applications using JavaScript. While JavaScript is the only supported language, other languages can be unofficially used. Pitched as a "view source" tool that lets users "recombine code in useful ways". Glitch is an online IDE for JavaScript and Node.js and includes instant hosting, automated deployment and live help from community members. IDE features include live editing, hosting, sharing, automatic source versioning, and Git integration. Glitch focuses on being
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1848-790: Was an inspiration for Winston Royce ’s Waterfall Method (1970) where management phases are organized in a way that doesn’t allow a new task to begin before the previous ones are completed. In the period between 1965 and 1969, two of the leading project management associations were formed: the International Project Management Association (IPMA) in Europe, and the Project Management Institute (PMI) which trains project management professionals and issues certificates. With businesses shifting towards technology-based and paperless methods,
1892-451: Was created to be a more open alternative to earlier question and answer websites such as Experts-Exchange . Stack Overflow was sold to Prosus , a Netherlands-based consumer internet conglomerate, on 2 June 2021 for $ 1.8 billion. The website serves as a platform for users to ask and answer questions, and, through membership and active participation, to vote questions and answers up or down similar to Reddit and edit questions and answers in
1936-829: Was shut down in December 2019 and its projects were migrated to Glitch. In early 2020, Glitch released a paid plan, known as "boosted apps". Users can pay 8 dollars a month to have projects with more RAM , more storage, and no wake up screen. Project management software Depending on the sophistication of the software, it can manage estimation and planning, scheduling , cost control , budget management , resource allocation , collaboration software , communication , decision-making , quality management, time management and documentation or administration systems. Numerous PC and browser-based project management software and contract management software products and services are available. The first historically relevant year for
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