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12-568: The Mons Cispius , or Cispian Hill, is one of several summits of the Esquiline Hill in Rome. The grammarian Festus says that it was named for a Cispius Laevus of Anagnia , of the Publilia voting tribe ( tribus ). This Cispius may be legendary. Marcus Cispius was a tribune of the plebs in 57 BC, and was among those tribunes who actively supported Cicero in his efforts to overturn

24-469: The Oppius , Nero (37 AD–68 AD) confiscated property to build his extravagant, mile-long Golden House , and later still Trajan (53–117) constructed his bath complex , both of whose remains are visible today. The 3rd-century Horti Liciniani , a group of gardens (including the relatively well-preserved nymphaeum formerly identified as the non-extant Temple of Minerva Medica ), were probably constructed on

36-405: The 50s; in 55, Cicero wrote a letter of recommendation to the proconsul of Africa , Q. Valerius Orca , on behalf of men associated with Cispius. Cispius may have been a praetor sometime after 54. Lucius Cispius, probably with the cognomen Laevus, was a commander of the fleet ( praefectus classis ) in 46 BC, serving under Julius Caesar . He took part in the blockade of Thapsus . Cispius

48-519: The Esquiline Hill. 41°53′44″N 12°29′48″E  /  41.89556°N 12.49667°E  / 41.89556; 12.49667 Esquiline Necropolis The Esquiline Necropolis (Italian – Necropoli dell'Esquilino ) was a prehistoric necropolis on the Esquiline Hill in Rome, in use until the end of the 1st century AD. It came into use when the Forum necropolis fell into disuse in

60-810: The Esquiline Hill. Farther to the northeast, at the summit of the Cispius , is the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore . In 1781, the first known copy of the marble statue of a discus thrower – the Discobolus of Myron – was discovered on the Roman property of the Massimo family , the Villa Palombara, on the Esquiline Hill. The famous Esquiline Treasure , now in the British Museum , was found on

72-527: The Roman Republic (American Philological Association, 1951, 1986), vol. 1; vol. 2 (1952); vol. 3 (1986); abbreviated MRR . Esquiline Hill The Esquiline Hill ( / ˈ ɛ s k w ɪ l aɪ n / ; Latin : Collis Esquilinus ; Italian : Esquilino [eskwiˈliːno] ) is one of the Seven Hills of Rome . Its southernmost cusp is the Oppius ( Oppian Hill ). The origin of

84-517: The external regions – Aurelian, Oppius, Cispius, Fagutal – were considered exquilini ("suburbanites"). The Esquiline Hill includes three prominent spurs, which are sometimes called "hills" as well: Rising above the valley in which was later built the Colosseum , the Esquiline was a fashionable residential district. According to Livy , the settlement on the Esquiline was expanded during

96-409: The legislation that brought about his exile. Earlier, however, Cicero had brought a civil suit in which he spoke against Cispius, his brother, and their father. Sometime after Cispius's tribunate, most likely in early 56, he was defended by Cicero on a charge of electoral corruption ( ambitus ) and convicted. Cicero calls him "a man of character and principle." The two men maintained their friendship in

108-521: The mid-8th century BC (other than for child burials, which continued there until the end of the 7th century BC), and testifies to Rome's expansion towards the Velian Hill . Its burials have richer grave goods and are better supplied with weapons, typical of a new aristocratic warrior-class, as already existed in other areas along the Tyrrhenian seaboard such as Etruria and Campania. As regards

120-574: The name Esquiline is still under much debate. One view is that the hill was named after the abundance of aesculi ( Italian oaks ) growing there. Another view is that, during Rome's infancy, the Capitolium , the Palatinum , and the northern fringes of the Caelian were the most-populated areas of the city, whose inhabitants were considered inquilini ("in-towners"); those who inhabited

132-583: The reign of Servius Tullius , Rome's sixth king, in the 6th century BC. The king also moved his residence to the hill in order to increase its respectability. The political advisor and art patron Maecenas (70–8 BC) sited his gardens , the first in the Hellenistic-Persian garden style in Rome, on the Esquiline Hill, atop the Servian Wall and its adjoining necropolis . It contained terraces, libraries and other aspects of Roman culture. At

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144-580: Was not of senatorial rank, and has been tentatively linked to a pottery manufacturing family in Arretium . It is possible that he was the son of Marcus Cispius (above), though this filiation would place them on opposite sides in the civil war . In 43, a Cispius Laevus was a legate of Munatius Plancus , carrying dispatches to Rome for him; this man was most likely Caesar's naval commander. Unless otherwise noted, dates, offices and citations of ancient sources are from T.R.S. Broughton , The Magistrates of

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