Clara Campoamor Rodríguez (12 February 1888 – 30 April 1972) was a Spanish politician, lawyer and writer, considered by some the mother of the Spanish feminist movement . She was one of the main promoters for women's suffrage in Spain, included in the Spanish Constitution of 1931 in part owing to her advocacy.
21-757: She was elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1931, before women were allowed to vote themselves. She later lost her parliamentary seat and briefly served as a government minister, before fleeing the country during the Spanish Civil War . Campoamor died in exile in Switzerland, and was later buried at the Polloe Cemetery in San Sebastian , Spain. Campoamor died in exile in 1972. Her ashes were repatriated and buried at
42-663: Is a department of the Government of Spain responsible for the proposal and execution of the government's policy on equality, with a focus on making the equality between men and women real and effective as well as prevention and eradication of different forms of violence against women . The department's roles also include eradication of all kind of discrimination by sex , racial and ethnic origin, religion or ideology, sexual orientation , gender identity , age , disability or any other personal or social condition or circumstances. It existed from 2008 to 2010 when it merged with
63-984: The CEDA and the excesses in the repression of the insurrection in Asturias . In that same year, she tried (through the mediation of Prime Minister Santiago Casares Quiroga ) to join the Republican Left , but her admission was denied. It was then she wrote and published – in May 1935 – Mi pecado mortal. El voto femenino y yo , a testimony of her parliamentary struggles. After the Spanish transition to democracy , there were many tributes and recognitions sponsored by organizations in favour of women's equality. Various institutes, schools, cultural centers, women's associations, parks and streets were renamed in Campoamor's honor. In 1998
84-611: The Maritime Security and Rescue Society . In 2011, due to the centenary of International Women's Day , the National Mint and Stamp produced a commemorative silver coin valued at 20 euros. This coin shows the picture of Clara Campoamor. In 2016, Norwegian Airlines named one of its new Boeing 737-800 aircraft (EI-FJY) 'Clara Campoamor' with her photo covering both sides of the plane's fin (vertical stabiliser). On 23 December 2020, Madrid Chamartín railway station
105-554: The Ministry of Equality of Andalusian PSOE established Clara Campoamor Awards which are recognized annually. There is one per province and especially dedicated to those individuals or groups that have been important in the defense of women's equality. For a long time, Clara Campoamor's figure was forgotten. However, her crucial role in Spanish politics and fight for women's rights has been commemorated in more recent times, celebrating
126-503: The Ministry of Health , and then from 2020. The department was created in 2008 at the second term of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's second term in order to promote equality policies set forth in the 2007 Equality Act and in the 2004 Comprehensive Act on Violence against Women, as well as promoting the programs of the Institute of Women and the Institute of Youth . The Ministry assumed the powers on equality that belonged at that time to
147-514: The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs , which was renamed Ministry of Labour and Immigration. The Prime Minister chose Bibiana Aído to head this new department. She became the first person to hold this position in Spain and the youngest person to hold a ministerial office in democracy. On 21 October 2010, a cabinet reshuffle merged the Ministry of Equality in the Ministry of Health (which
168-693: The Polloe Cemetery in San Sebastián in May 1972. After start of the Second Republic , Campoamor was elected deputy of Madrid constituency in the 1931 elections (then women could be elected, but not vote) by the Radical Party . She had joined this party because it was "republican, liberal, secular and democratic" and followed her own political ideology. She was part of the Constitutional Commission in charge of
189-828: The 90th anniversary of the Spanish Universal Suffrage approval in Congress. She dedicated her life and career to stand up and fight for women's rights, writing the biographies of Concepción Arenal and Juana Inés de la Cruz during her time in Argentina. Moreover, she participated in various publications and wrote articles for numerous newspapers in Buenos Aires (some of which can be found in La mujer en la diplomacia y otros escritos ). In 2006 Madrid Town Hall created an award with her name, which in its first edition
210-681: The Right. Therefore, the Socialist Radical Party faced Clara with another recognized deputy, Victoria Kent , who was against the women's right to vote. The final debate was on October 1. Campoamor was considered the winner, and as a consequence, the adoption of the article 36, which enabled women's suffrage, was achieved with 161 votes in favor, 121 against. She was supported by most of the Socialist Party members – with some important exceptions like Indalecio Prieto – many of
231-504: The assembly chosen in the 1977 general elections was not mandated at the time to create a new constitution, but to rule under the constitution of the former dictatorship – the so-called Leyes Fundamentales ( fundamental laws ). This article about government in Spain is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ministry of Equality (Spain) The Ministry of Equality ( Spanish : Ministerio de Igualdad )
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#1732801165942252-578: The euro. Clara Campoamor was the female figure chosen to appear on future euro coins, as the leading advocate of women's suffrage in the Second Republic. This proposal was approved on 12 June 2007 by the Congress, with the support of all parliamentary groups except the Conservative Party ( PP ), which abstained. In 2007, the Ministry of Development launched the ship Polivalente B-32 "Clara Campoamor", named in her honor and operated by
273-537: The first female minister in the history of western Europe. Although Campoamor is said to be the mother of the feminist movement in Spain, Spanish women had followed the UK and US suffragettes in the 1920s, creating the Asociación Nacional de Mujeres Españolas (National Association of Spanish Women) in 1918, and celebrating the first feminist demonstration in Spain in 1921. A remarkable figure of said association
294-517: The preparation of the draft of the Constitution of the new republic composed of 21 deputies. In that body, she fought against sexual discrimination, for the legal equality of children born within and outside marriage, the right to divorce and universal suffrage , often called the "women's vote". The latter was a fight towards a more just and equalitarian Spanish Republic. Through perseverance and after her memorable speech, women's right to vote
315-686: The right, almost all members of Republican Left of Catalonia and small republican groups like the Progressives and the Association of Defense of the Republic. The Republican Action , the radical socialist party of Spain, opposed her despite her membership in and support of the party. Neither she nor Victoria Kent managed to renew their seats in the 1933 elections. In 1934, Campoamor left the Radical Party because of its subordination to
336-521: Was Carmen de Burgos, with which Campoamor would establish a relationship during her time as a teacher in Madrid, before law school. Even prior to said movement, an attempt to women's suffrage had been made in 1907. The Left, with the exception of a group of Socialists and some Republicans, did not want women to vote because they were supposed to be heavily influenced by the Church and would vote in favor of
357-411: Was approved on October 1, 1931, with 161 votes in favour, 121 votes against and 188 abstentions. Women’ suffrage also consolidated the role of women in political life, and allowed them to be part of it, rather than mere observers. The first election in which women were allowed to participate in Spain was in 1933, and only 3 years later, in 1936 (months before the coup d’état), Federica Montseny would become
378-531: Was given to the lawyer and feminist María Telo Núñez. In 2006, following the 75th anniversary of the women's right to vote in Spain, a campaign for the Congress of Deputies to recognize her contributions via a bust in its facilities was undertaken. In November, the Socialist Party (PSOE) presented an informal proposal asking its Government that their equal policies will be reflected in the production of
399-486: Was headed by Leire Pajín ) and in exchange the Secretariat of State for Equality was created. Aído accepted the offer of the prime minister to continue at the forefront of the equality policies as Secretary of State. The department was re-established on 13 January 2020, although without the responsibilities over youth affairs, that this time were assigned to the Ministry of Social Affairs . The current structure of
420-527: Was officially opened (Cortes are "opened" in accordance with a mediaeval royal proclamation ), and that was the Republican Cortes in 1931. It drafted a new constitution but its work was overturned by the victory of the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War . The Cortes in 1977 enacted a new Spanish constitution which it had drafted. It was never officially considered "constituent", as
441-593: Was officially renamed Madrid-Chamartín-Clara Campoamor . In 2021, the European Parliament named one of their buildings in Brussels "Campoamor" in her honour. Constituent Cortes The Constituent Cortes ( Spanish : Las Cortes Constituyentes ) is the description of Spain's parliament, the Cortes , when convened as a constituent assembly . In the 20th century, only one Constituent Cortes
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