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19-506: Originally, crypts were typically found below the main apse of a church, such as at the Abbey of Saint-Germain en Auxerre , but were later located beneath chancel , naves and transepts as well. Occasionally churches were raised high to accommodate a crypt at the ground level, such as St Michael's Church in Hildesheim , Germany . The word "crypt" developed as an alternative form of

38-486: A 'family crypt' or 'vault,' in which all members of the family are interred. Many royal families , for example, have vast crypts containing the bodies of dozens of former royalty. In some localities, an above ground crypt is more commonly called a mausoleum , which also refers to any elaborate building intended as a burial place, for any number of people . There was a trend in the 19th century of building crypts on medium to large size family estates, usually subtly placed on

57-476: A crypt is most often a stone chambered burial vault used to store the deceased. Placing a corpse into a crypt can be called immurement , and is a method of final disposition , as an alternative to, for example, cremation . Crypts are usually found in cemeteries and under public religious buildings, such as churches or cathedrals , but are also occasionally found beneath mausolea or chapels on personal estates. Wealthy or prestigious families will often have

76-483: A hemispherical vault or semi-dome , also known as an exedra . In Byzantine , Romanesque , and Gothic Christian church (including cathedral and abbey ) architecture , the term is applied to a semi-circular or polygonal termination of the main building at the liturgical east end (where the altar is), regardless of the shape of the roof, which may be flat, sloping, domed, or hemispherical. Smaller apses are found elsewhere, especially in shrines . An apse

95-401: Is a semicircular recess, often covered with a hemispherical vault. Commonly, the apse of a church, cathedral or basilica is the semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir or sanctuary , or sometimes at the end of an aisle. Smaller apses are sometimes built in other parts of the church, especially for reliquaries or shrines of saints. The domed apse became a standard part of

114-554: Is reserved for the clergy, and was therefore formerly called the "presbytery", from Greek presbuteros , " elder ", or in older and Catholic usage "priest". Semi-circular choirs, first developed in the East, which came into use in France in 470. By the onset of the 13th century, they had been augmented with radiating apse chapels outside the choir aisle, the entire structure of apse, choir and radiating chapels coming to be known as

133-585: The Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination . Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples ( peoples , as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in indigenous people ) , does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession . Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified

152-555: The Latin "vault" as it was carried over into Late Latin , and came to refer to the ritual rooms found underneath church buildings. It also served as a vault for storing important and/or sacred items. The word "crypta", however, is also the female form of crypto "hidden". The earliest known origin of both is in the Ancient Greek κρύπτω , the first person singular indicative of the verb "to conceal, to hide". First known in

171-517: The chevet (French, "headpiece"). People A people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation . The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity . As such it is a concept of human rights law , international law as well as constitutional law , particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty . Chapter One, Article One of

190-602: The Roman fashion, directly below the high altar . The tomb was made accessible through an underground passageway beneath the sanctuary from where pilgrims could enter at one stair, pass by the tomb and exit without interrupting the clerical community's service at the altar directly above. The Visigothic crypt (the Crypt of San Antolín) in Palencia Cathedral (Spain), was built during the reign of Wamba to preserve

209-760: The United States, criminal trials in Ireland and the Philippines are prosecuted in the name of the people of their respective states. The political theory underlying this format is that criminal prosecutions are brought in the name of the sovereign ; thus, in these U.S. states , the "people" are judged to be the sovereign, even as in the United Kingdom and other dependencies of the British Crown , criminal prosecutions are typically brought in

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228-495: The church plan in the early Christian era. In the Eastern Orthodox Church tradition, the south apse is known as the diaconicon and the north apse as the prothesis . Various ecclesiastical features of which the apse may form part are drawn together here. The chancel (or sanctuary), directly to the east beyond the choir , contains the high altar, where there is one (compare communion table ). This area

247-561: The early Christian period, in particular North Africa at Chlef and Djemila in Algeria , and Byzantium at Saint John Studio in Constantinople where Christian churches have been built over mithraea , the mithraeum has often been adapted to serve as a crypt. The famous crypt at Old St. Peter's Basilica , Rome, developed about the year 600, as a means of affording pilgrims a view of Saint Peter 's tomb, which lay according to

266-509: The early medieval West, for example in Burgundy at Dijon and Tournus . After the 10th century, the early medieval requirements of a crypt faded, as church officials permitted relics to be held in the main level of the church. By the Gothic period crypts were rarely built, however burial vaults continued to be constructed beneath churches and referred to as crypts. In more modern terms,

285-431: The edge of the grounds or more commonly incorporated into the cellar. After a change of owner, these are often blocked up and the house deeds will not allow this area to be re-developed . Apse In architecture , an apse ( pl. : apses ; from Latin absis , 'arch, vault'; from Ancient Greek ἀψίς , apsis , 'arch'; sometimes written apsis ; pl. : apsides ) is a semicircular recess covered with

304-688: The inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as it requires pre-defining a said "people". Both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire used the Latin term Senatus Populusque Romanus , (the Senate and People of Rome). This term was fixed abbreviated (SPQR) to Roman legionary standards, and even after the Roman Emperors achieved a state of total personal autocracy , they continued to wield their power in

323-574: The jurisdictions in question usually substitute the name of the state for the words "the People" in the case captions. Four states — Massachusetts , Virginia , Pennsylvania , and Kentucky  — refer to themselves as the Commonwealth in case captions and legal process. Other states, such as Indiana , typically refer to themselves as the State in case captions and legal process. Outside

342-425: The name of the Senate and People of Rome. The term People's Republic , used since late modernity , is a name used by states , which particularly identify constitutionally with a form of socialism . In criminal law , in certain jurisdictions, criminal prosecutions are brought in the name of the People . Several U.S. states, including California , Illinois , and New York , use this style. Citations outside

361-528: The remains of the martyr Saint Antoninus of Pamiers , a Visigothic-Gallic nobleman brought from Narbonne to Visigothic Hispania in 672 or 673 by Wamba himself. These are the only remains of the Visigothic cathedral of Palencia. Crypts were introduced into Frankish church building in the mid-8th century, as a feature of its Romanization. Their popularity then spread more widely in western Europe under Charlemagne . Examples from this period are most common in

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