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41-626: On October 3, 2017, the Hungarian Parliament passed a resolution to rename Csongrád County to Csongrád-Csanád County, which took effect on June 4, 2020. The resolution was submitted by János Lázár , then-Minister of the Prime Minister's Office, who called the renaming symbolic as more than a dozen settlements in the area still share Csanád County's identity. This county has a total area of 4,263 km (1,646 sq mi) – 4,58% of Hungary. The area of Csongrád-Csanád County

82-592: A consequence of the cultivation of the wild species, some variants have experienced decreased fitness, leaving them vulnerable (and likely not to survive) when not being cultivated. Flowers of capsicum annuum generally consist of 6-7 petals and sepals , have 7 stamens , and contain an ovary that is superior to a single style consisting of 2-3 carpels and a single stamen. Members are self pollinators but cross pollination often occurs when plants are grown in large quantities, via bees , wasps , and ants . In commercial production of capsicum annuum, human pollination

123-468: A decrease in the plants natural defensive traits. However for Capsicum annuum this is not always true, some variants have been created to increase the defensive compound capsaicin otherwise making the fruit more powerful. Capsicum annuum have also experienced " domestication syndrome " leading to several morphological and phytochemical changes leading to increased fruit and/or seed size, changes in reproductive cycles, and changes in plant structure. Though as

164-555: A distinct smoky flavor and aroma, as it is dried by smoking , typically using oak wood. Currently, according to the Denomination of Origin Regulation Council (Consejo Regulador de la DOP "Pimentón de La Vera"), the crop of La Vera paprika covers around 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) and has an annual production of 4.5 million kg (5,000 short tons), certified as Denomination of Origin. Pimentón de Murcia

205-423: A flowering plant with variations there are different shapes of flowers and fruits produced on individuals typically having star or bell shaped flowers coming in a range of colors including purple, white , and green. Just as the flowers, the fruits of this species comes in various shapes (berry shape to bell pepper shape), and colors including red , yellow , green, and black. Variants of this species also have

246-730: A large, shrubby perennial herb. Common names including the word "pepper" stem from a misconception on the part of Europeans taking part in the Columbian exchange . They mistakenly thought the spicy fruits were a variety of the black pepper plant, which also has spicy fruit. However, these two plants are not closely related. Commonly used names for the fruit of Capsicum annuum in English vary by location and cultivar . The larger, sweeter cultivars are called "capsicum" in Australia and New Zealand. In Great Britain and Ireland, cultivars of

287-476: A reference serving amount of one teaspoon (2 grams), paprika supplies 6 calories , is 10% water, and provides 21% of the Daily Value of vitamin A . It provides no other nutrients in significant content. Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum , commonly known as paprika , chili pepper , red pepper , sweet pepper , jalapeño , cayenne , or bell pepper , is a fruiting plant from

328-470: A tendency to climb, some varieties can grow up to two meters tall (6.56 feet) using others to climb on. The shrub has oval glossy leaves sometimes growing to 7.5 cm (3 inches) in length, while generally green , depending on the cultivar the leaves can turn dark purple or black as the plant ages. capsicum annuum are annual or biennial herbaceous plants that have a life cycle comprized of four stages (seedling, vegetation, flowering, and fruiting.) Being

369-519: A typical ingredient in the cuisine of western Extremadura . Despite its presence in Central Europe since the beginning of Ottoman conquests, it did not become popular in Hungary until the late 19th century. Paprika can range from mild to hot – the flavor also varies from country to country – but almost all plants grown produce the sweet variety. Sweet paprika

410-458: Is a spice made from dried and ground red peppers. It is traditionally made from Capsicum annuum varietals in the Longum group , including chili peppers . Paprika can have varying levels of heat , but the chili peppers used for hot paprika tend to be milder and have thinner flesh than those used to produce chili powder . In some languages, but not English, the word paprika also refers to

451-465: Is a source of popular sweet peppers and hot chilis, with numerous varieties cultivated all around the world, and is the source of popular spices such as cayenne , chili , and paprika powders, as well as pimiento (pimento). Capsinoid chemicals provide the distinctive tastes in C. annuum variants. In particular, capsaicin creates a burning sensation ("hotness"), which in extreme cases can last for several hours after ingestion. A measurement called

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492-413: Is an unsmoked variety made with bola/ñora peppers and traditionally dried in the sun or in kilns. Paprika is used as an ingredient in numerous dishes throughout the world. It is principally used to season and color rice, stews , and soups, such as goulash , and in the preparation of sausages such as Spanish chorizo, mixed with meats and other spices. The flavor contained within the pepper's oleoresin

533-479: Is flat. It has a high number of sunshine hours and excellent soil, which makes it the most important agricultural area of Hungary. Its most famous products are paprika from Szeged and onions from Makó , but grain, vegetables, and fruits are also significant. Half of the onions, paprika, and vegetables produced in Hungary are from Csongrád-Csanád. The county is also rich in oil and natural gas. The highest point

574-1051: Is more effectively brought out by heating it in oil. Hungarian national dishes incorporating paprika include gulyás , a meat soup, pörkölt , a stew called internationally goulash , and paprikash (paprika gravy: a Hungarian recipe combining chicken, broth, paprika, and sour cream). In Moroccan cuisine , paprika ( tahmira ) is usually augmented by the addition of a small amount of olive oil blended into it. Many dishes call for paprika ( colorau ) in Portuguese cuisine for taste and color. The red, orange, or yellow color of paprika powder derives from its mix of carotenoids . Yellow-orange paprika colors derive primarily from α-carotene and β-carotene ( provitamin A compounds), zeaxanthin , lutein and β-cryptoxanthin , whereas red colors derive from capsanthin and capsorubin . One study found high concentrations of zeaxanthin in orange paprika. The same study found that orange paprika contains much more lutein than red or yellow paprika. In

615-477: Is mostly composed of the pericarp , with more than half of the seeds removed, whereas hot paprika contains some seeds, stalks, ovules , and calyces . The red, orange or yellow color of paprika is due to its content of carotenoids . Peppers, the raw material in paprika production, originated from North America , where they grow in the wild in Central Mexico and have for centuries been cultivated by

656-440: Is often used to produce hybrid seeds that can grow into new variants of the pepper, which is a form of selective breeding that demonstrates how the pepper was domesticated. Within the flowers there are several reproductive structures that are used in pollination and fertilization , the two relative include the anthers and the ovary. Anthers are the male organ producing the microgametes (pollen) that will disperse to fertilize

697-773: Is produced in various places, including Argentina, Mexico, Hungary, Serbia, Spain, the Netherlands, China, and some regions of the United States. Hungary is a major source of paprika, and it is the spice most closely associated with Hungary. The spice was first used in Hungarian cuisine in the early 19th century. It is available in different grades: There are three versions of Spanish paprika ( pimentón ) – mild ( pimentón dulce ), mildly spicy ( pimentón agridulce ) and spicy ( pimentón picante ). The most common Spanish paprika, pimentón de la Vera , has

738-526: Is responsible for its intense heat ranging from 100,000 to 200,000 Scoville heat units making it one of the hottest fruits grown in Mexico. Another variant of Capsicum annuum, the bell pepper are quite different from Chiltepin peppers, being described as "sweet" as they do not contain high concentrations of capsaicin and are rated a 0 on the Scoville heat scale. Bell peppers grow on shrub body plants, and

779-457: Is the primary species in its genus, as it has been widely cultivated for human consumption for a substantial amount of time and has spread across the world. This species has many uses in culinary applications, medicine, self defense, and can even be ornamental. The genus name Capsicum derives from a Greek -based derivative of the Latin word capto , meaning "to grasp, to seize", in reference to

820-595: Is used to add flavor and color to many types of dishes in diverse cuisines. The trade in paprika expanded from the Iberian Peninsula to Africa and Asia and ultimately reached Central Europe through the Balkans, which was then under Ottoman rule. This helps explain the Serbo-Croatian origin of the English term. In Spanish, paprika has been known as pimentón since the 16th century, when it became

861-458: Is widely used in traditional Mexican cuisine to create dishes such as Oaxacan black mole. It's added to many dishes worldwide for spice and flavor; it's used as a colorant for aesthetics. According to a study looking at capsicum annuum as a contender for alleviating micronutrient deficiencies, along with their flavor and coloring properties, they are also very rich in micronutrients, including vitamins: A , B , B3 , C , and P . The species

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902-589: Is Ásotthalom (125 m), the lowest is Gyálarét (78 m; lowest point of Hungary). Religion in Csongrád-Csanád County (2022 census – of those who declared their religion (58.1%)) After the end of the Ottoman occupation in 1715, the county was nearly uninhabited, with a population density of less than 5/km. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the county was repopulated by ethnic Hungarians from the relatively overpopulated northern and western counties of

943-790: The Kingdom of Hungary . According to the 2001 census, the county is home for 423,826 people (216,936 people live in urban counties ) with a population density is 100/km. It has a Hungarian majority. In 2015, it had a population of 406,205 and the population density was 95/km. Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minorities are the Roma (approx. 5,000), Romanian (1,500), German (1,300) and Serb (1,300). Total population (2011 census): 417,456 Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 367,193 persons: Approximately 59,000 persons in Csongrád-Csanád County did not declare their ethnic group on

984-460: The New Mexico chile are commonly dried in ornamental arrangements known as ristras . Even with its defensive strategies, Capsicum annuum can still fall victim to several pests and viruses . Some can harbor viruses deadly to the species, these include whiteflies and aphids . Another pest which is quite vicious is a weevil ( Anthonomus eugenii Cano) which the larva of this pest affects

1025-568: The Scoville scale has been created to describe the hotness of peppers and other foods. In old civilizations such as the Mayan and Aztec , capsicum species including C, Annuum. were used to treat many illnesses including asthma , toothaches , coughs, and sores. Today these practices still exist in developing countries, using them for their antioxidant , antimicrobial , antifungal , and antiviral properties. There have also been studies linking

1066-408: The 2011 census. Religious adherence in the county according to the 2011 census: In 2012, Csongrád-Csanád County had a dense network of public roads, in total length of 1,350 km, of which 281 km were main roads. Inland, connections were provided by 1,049 km of county and communal roads and 20 km were covered with light road surfaces. The Csongrád-Csanád County Council, elected at

1107-482: The 2024 local government elections, is made up of 20 counselors, with the following party composition: The following members elected of the National Assembly during the 2022 parliamentary election : Csongrád-Csanád County has 2 urban counties , 8 towns , 7 large villages and 43 villages. As a typical Great Plain county, Csongrád-Csanád has a relatively small number of municipalities. 72.5% of

1148-487: The ability to produce and retain capsaicinoid compounds giving their fruits a powerful ( spicy ) taste which can vary in strengths. One semi-domesticated variation of capsicum annuum is a variety named " Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum " ( Chiltepin peppers ) Grows white flowers and produces berry fruits that are red when mature. Similar to other variants the Chiltepin pepper produces and contains capsaicin which

1189-711: The birds’ digestive system and dispersed to new environments via defecation . Bird dispersal for seeds has proven to be beneficial for the peppers as they have the ability to spread large distances. One example of this is the wild chiltepin, which has a massive range of habitat from Northern Peru to Southwestern United States . Capsicum annuum has been widely cultivated and modified through breeding for certain traits , which allows them to be used in multiple applications. These include in food, traditional medicine , cosmetics , and even self defense ( pepper spray ). There are multiple ways this species can be used in food, this includes fresh, dried , pickled , and powdered . It

1230-443: The consumption of capsaicinoids and a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer . Some cultivars grown specifically for their aesthetic value include the U.S. National Arboretum 's " Black Pearl " and the " Bolivian Rainbow ". Ornamental varieties tend to have unusually colored fruit and foliage with colors such as black and purple being notable. All are edible, and most (like "Royal Black") are hot. Certain cultivars of

1271-459: The family Solanaceae (nightshades), within the genus Capsicum which is native to the northern regions of South America and to southwestern North America . The plant produces berries of many colors including red, green, and yellow, often with pungent taste. It is also one of the oldest cultivated crops, with domestication dating back to around 6,000 years ago in regions of Mexico. The genus Capsicum has over 30 species but Capsicum annuum

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1312-519: The fruits are large, quadrangular, and fleshy. They can also grow to a weight of 500 grams and come in many colors including yellow, orange, red, and green. Though this variant lacks in capsaicinoids, it is still packed with various bioactive compounds, carotinoids , and vitamins making them a valuable crop. Capsicum annuum today have many variations of fruits, the beginning to this is estimated to be from natives of Mesoamerica around 6,000 years ago using selective breeding to domesticate wild forms of

1353-463: The heat or pungency of the species' fruit, although it has also been speculated to derive from the Latin word capsa , "box", referring to the shape of the fruit in forms of the typical species. Although the species name annuum means "annual" (from the Latin annus , "year"), the plant is not an annual but is frost tender. In the absence of winter frosts it can survive several seasons and grow into

1394-427: The megagamete that is located in the ovary of the female reproductive organ, leading to the development of the propagule (Fruit). After fertilization the fruit of the plant begins to develop which is determined by the specific variety that is being grown. The fruit grows to maturity, then is ready for dispersal of its seeds. The seeds of some varieties of Capsicum annuum are coated in the compound capsaicin. This

1435-471: The peoples of Mexico. The peppers were later introduced to the Old World , to Spain in the 16th century, as part of the Columbian exchange . The plant used to make the Hungarian version of the spice was first grown in 1569. Central European paprika was hot until the 1920s, when a Szeged breeder found a plant that produced sweet fruit, which he grafted onto other plants. The first recorded use of

1476-444: The peppers. Through research scientists have found remnants of wild peppers ancestral to modern Capsicum annuum varieties in various locations and caves in places like Oaxaca Valley Mexico. The discovery of this has led researchers to believe that wild chili peppers were consumed before their domestication dating back to more than 8000 years ago. Domestication of crops using conscious and unconscious selective methods usually leads to

1517-527: The plant and the fruit from which the spice is made, as well as to peppers in the Grossum group (e.g., bell peppers ). All capsicum varieties are descended from wild ancestors in North America, in particular Central Mexico, where they have been cultivated for centuries. The peppers were subsequently introduced to the Old World , when peppers were brought to Spain in the 16th century. The seasoning

1558-459: The plant are typically discussed in groups of either "sweet" or "hot/chilli" peppers, only rarely providing the specific cultivar. In Canada and the United States it is commonplace to provide the cultivar in most instances, for example " bell ", " jalapeño ", " cayenne ", or " bird's eye " peppers, to convey differences in taste including sweetness or pungency. Capsicum annuum cultivars look like small shrubs with many branches and thin stems, with

1599-489: The population lives in cities/towns, so it is one of the most urbanized county in Hungary. (ordered by population, as of 2011 census ) [REDACTED] municipalities are large villages. 46°25′N 20°15′E  /  46.417°N 20.250°E  / 46.417; 20.250 Paprika Paprika ( US / p ə ˈ p r i k ə / , / p æ ˈ p r i k ə / ; UK / ˈ p æ p r ɪ k ə / , / p ə ˈ p r iː k ə / )

1640-455: The word paprika in English is from 1831. The word derives from the Hungarian word paprika , which derives from the Serbo-Croatian word paprika , which is a diminutive of papar , which in turn was derived from the Latin piper or modern Greek piperi , ultimately from Sanskrit pippalī . Paprika and similar words, including peperke , piperke , and paparka , are used in various languages for bell peppers . Paprika

1681-412: Was a defensive mechanism of wild chilis before their domestication roughly 6000 years ago. Capsaicin is a compound that can be extremely powerful depending on the concentration , and this was used to protect the seeds from predation , and increase their chance of survival. However, birds are not affected by the presence of capsicum and are able to eat the fruits and seeds. The seeds are then passed through

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