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42-446: Max Cudell founded the company in 1898 to manufacture licensed De Dion-Bouton vehicles. The original 3-wheelers were succeeded by a 3.5  hp voiturette . These were followed by more De Dion-style vehicles until 1904. In that year, vehicles designed by Karl Slevogt  [ de ] premiered with little, if any, resemblance to the former French-influenced models. These new cars featured an advanced 4- cylinder engine that had

84-443: A 14.7 liter for the U.S., as well as by a 3,534 cc (215.7 cu in) Type CN in 1912. (They trailed Ader in racing the 1906 Adams , which used an Antoinette aircraft engine.) This would be the company's last innovation. During World War I , the company made gun parts, armoured vehicles , and aircraft engines , as well as cars and trucks. Between 1913 and 1918, it produced an anti-aircraft weapons system for

126-508: A 5- bearing crankshaft and overhead valves . Versions of the engines ranged from 16/20  PS to a 6.1L 35/40 PS. The Berlin branch was headed by Paul Cudell and did not make many cars. After auto manufacture was stopped, the company continued to manufacture marine engines, as well as a carburetor of the same name. The US agent Clodio & Widmayer based at 10 West 33rd Street in New York City presented Cudell vehicles at

168-484: A De Dion-Bouton modified with fixed drive shaft and ring and pinion gear, making "perhaps the first hot rod in history". The same year, the tricar was joined by a four-wheeler and in 1900 by a vis a vis voiturette , the Model D, with its 3¾ CV (2.8 kW) 402 cc (24.5 cu in) single-cylinder engine under the seat and drive to the rear wheels through a two-speed gearbox . This curious design had

210-575: A barricade, walked into the GPO and said: "I've helped to wind the clock, I've come to hear it strike." He was killed in a charge against a machine gun nest in Moore Street days later. A famous photograph shows the skeleton of the car in its barricade. The company stagnated after World War I . The V8 continued to appear until 1923 and, in spite of new models with front-wheel brakes, the factory closed for much of 1927. On reopening, two models were listed,

252-706: A red flag. It is sometimes claimed that the Emancipation Run celebrated the abandoning of the requirement for the escort to carry such a flag. However, the red flag requirement (from the 1865 act) had long since been removed by the 1878 act. The competitors gathered outside the Metropole Hotel (now the Corinthia Hotel London), with the cars accompanied by a "flying escort" – estimated by one witness as "probably 10,000" – of pedal cyclists, recreational cycling having become popular with

294-589: A toy locomotive in a store window in 1881 and asked the toymakers to build another. Engineers Bouton and Trépardoux had been eking out a living with scientific toys at a shop in the Passage de Léon, near the rue de la Chapelle in Paris . Trépardoux had long dreamed of building a steam car , but neither he nor Bouton could afford it. De Dion, already inspired by steam in the form of railway locomotives , and with ample money, agreed to back them, and Trépardoux et Cie

336-451: A transmission brake. In 1902, the Model O introduced three speeds, which was standard for all De Dion-Boutons in 1904. A small number of electric cars were also made in 1901. De Dion-Bouton supplied engines to vehicle manufacturers such as Hanzer and Société Parisienne who mounted a 2.5 horsepower (1.9 kW) unit directly on the front axle of their front-wheel-drive voiturette the 'Viktoria Combination'. The De Dion-Bouton engine

378-495: A veteran automobile produced before 1905 is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . De Dion-Bouton De Dion-Bouton was a French automobile manufacturer and railcar manufacturer, which operated from 1883 to 1953. The company was founded by the Marquis Jules-Albert de Dion , Georges Bouton , and Bouton's brother-in-law Charles Trépardoux. The company was formed in 1883 after de Dion saw

420-621: Is also the world's largest gathering of veteran cars. The first edition, "The Emancipation Run" in 1896, celebrated the recently passed Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 , which liberalised motor vehicle laws in the United Kingdom. The run has taken place most years since its initial revival in 1927. It currently takes place on the first Sunday in November, starting at sunrise, about 7:00 AM, in Hyde Park, London , and mostly following

462-438: Is considered the first high-speed lightweight internal combustion engine. It was licensed to more than 150 manufacturers and was a popular choice among assemblers of motor bicycles. The small, lightweight four-cycle engine used a battery and coil ignition that was less trouble than hot tube ignition . The bore of 50 mm (2.0 in) and stroke of 70 mm (2.8 in) gave the engine an output of 1 kW (1.3 hp). It

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504-616: Is organised on behalf of the Royal Automobile Club , who emphasise that the event is not a race – they do not even publish the order in which cars finish, and participants are not permitted to exceed an average speed of 20 mph (32 km/h). Any that finish (many do not) before 4:30 PM are awarded a medal. There are a few other events preceding the Veteran Car Run, such as the Motoring Forum,

546-453: The De Dion tube , where the location and drive function of the axle are separated. The company manufactured steam buses and trucks until 1904. Trépardoux, a staunch supporter of steam, resigned in 1894 as the company turned to internal combustion vehicles. However, the steam car remained in production more or less unchanged for ten years more. By 1889, de Dion was becoming convinced

588-723: The French Army , consisting of a Canon de 75 modèle 1897 field gun mounted on a V8-powered De Dion-Bouton truck. In Dublin , during the Easter Rising of 1916, which began the Irish War of Independence , The O'Rahilly drove his De Dion Bouton up to the Irish HQ in O'Connell Street and, discovering that the Rising he had planned and trained soldiers for, and then tried to prevent, was actually happening, he drove it into

630-505: The London to Brighton Veteran Car Run . Following that singular success, the company offered steam tricycles, with boilers between the front wheels and two-cylinder engines. They were built in small numbers, and were evidently a favorite of young playboys. They were later joined by a larger tractor, able to pull trailers (sometimes called a "steam drag"). That larger vehicle introduced the so-called De Dion or "dead" axle. An axle beam carried

672-516: The Type LA , with a 1,982 cc (120.9 cu in) four-cylinder overhead valve , aluminium-piston engine, and the Type LB , with a 2,496 cc (152.3 cu in) straight-8 . The latter was very expensive and sales were few, despite an increase in engine size growth to 3 litres (180 cu in) in 1930. A rumored takeover by Peugeot or Mercedes did not materialize, leading to

714-442: The 1904 New York Automobile Show . A five-passenger vehicle with a four-cylinder, 16 hp, air-cooled engine, four speed transmission with reverse, and a steel and wood frame for was offered at a price of US$ 4,500. A version with 22 hp and water-cooling was offered as well. This article about a brass-era automobile produced between 1905 and 1915 is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about

756-631: The English in the final decades of the 19th century. A total of 33 motorists set off from London for the coast and 17 arrived in Brighton. The first of the cars set off from London at 10:30 am and the first arrival in Brighton, by a Duryea Motor Wagon , beating the next closest Brighton arrivals by more than an hour. Two Duryea cars participated in the run, marking the first appearance of American motor vehicles in Europe. Louise Bazalgette , one of

798-571: The RAC launched the Brighton to London Future Car Challenge, following the same route as the veteran car run, but starting in Brighton and finishing at Regent Street , London – and taking place on the day prior to the veteran run. The event is intended to showcase low energy impact vehicles of various technologies – Electric, Hybrid and Low-Emission ICE (internal combustion engine). Participants compete to minimise energy consumption using "road legal" vehicles in "real world" conditions. The results of

840-501: The Veteran Car Run Sale, a motor show, and a participant reception. The first run took place on 14 November 1896, a wet Saturday, Organised by Harry John Lawson , it was named "The Emancipation Run" as a celebration of the recently passed Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 , which had replaced the restrictive Locomotive Acts of 1861, 1865 and 1878 and increased the speed limit to 14 mph (23 km/h). Since 1878

882-460: The earliest women motorists in Britain, was photographed at the start of the event on an Arnold motor car, with her friend Henry Hewetson. During the next few years, Commemoration Run took place between Whitehall Place and Sheen House Club covering the distance of about 8 mi (13 km). The London to Brighton run was not staged again until 1927. Since then it has run annually, except from

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924-691: The early 1920s, with the Chemin de Fer des Côtes-du-Nord receiving its first vehicles in 1923. London to Brighton Veteran Car Run The London to Brighton Veteran Car Run is the world's longest-running motoring event, held on a course between London ( 51°30′31″N 00°09′49″W  /  51.50861°N 0.16361°W  / 51.50861; -0.16361  ( Hyde Park ) ) and Brighton ( 50°49′42″N 00°08′22″W  /  50.82833°N 0.13944°W  / 50.82833; -0.13944  ( Brighton ) ), England. To qualify, participating cars must have been built before 1905. It

966-530: The end of passenger car production in 1932. Small numbers of commercial vehicles were made until 1950, and the last vehicles to carry the De Dion badge were license-made Land Rovers in the early 1950s. The company name was bought by a motorcycle maker in 1955. De Dion-Bouton built railcars and railcar trailers used on many of the metre gauge railways in France and abroad. The first railcars were produced in

1008-472: The front in 1903 in the Populaire, which had a 700 or 942 cc (42.7 or 57.5 cu in) engine, the latter being powerful enough to allow trucks to be added to cars, and by the end of the year, a reverse gear had also appeared. It was joined by the 6 CV (4 kW) 864 cc (52.5 in ) Types N and Q (the latter a low-priced K), the 8 CV (6 kW) R, and their first multi-cylinder model,

1050-433: The front, driving the front wheels by belts and steering with the rear, it burned to the ground on trials. A second, La Marquise , was built the next year, with a more conventional steering and rear-wheel drive, capable of seating four. The Marquis de Dion entered one of them in an 1887 trial, "Europe's first motoring competition", the brainchild of one M. Fossier of cycling magazine Le Vélocipède . Evidently,

1092-441: The future lay in the internal combustion engine, and the company had built a ten-cylinder two-row rotary engine . After Trépardoux resigned in 1894, the company became De Dion, Bouton et Compagnie . For 1895, Bouton created a new 137 cc (8.4 cu in) one-cylinder engine with trembler coil ignition . Proving troublesome at its designed speed of 900 rpm (throwing bearings and running rough), when Bouton increased

1134-463: The hands of Cormier and Collignon, ran in the 1907 Peking to Paris rally, without success. Bouvier St. Chaffray did no better in the New York to Paris in 1908. That year, De Dion-Bouton peaked as a manufacturer. The company became the first to make a successful mass-produced V8 engine , a 35 CV (26 kW) 6,107 cc (372.7 cu in) CJ in 1910, followed by a 7.8 liter and

1176-416: The inaugural 2010 event showed that the electric vehicles used the least energy (0.62  MJ / km (950  BTU / mi ) on average, or 141 mpg ‑imp (2.00 L/100 km; 117 mpg ‑US ) petrol equivalent), compared to the hybrid vehicles (1.14 MJ/km (1,740 BTU/mi) average, 76 mpg ‑imp (3.7 L/100 km; 63 mpg ‑US ) petrol equivalent) and

1218-420: The new Michelin pneumatic tires . It showed superb performance, and went on the market in 1896 with the engine enlarged to 1¼ CV ( horsepower ) (932 W) 185 cc (11.3 cu in), with 1¾ CV (1.3 kW) in 1897. By the time production of the petite voiture tricar stopped in 1901, it had 2¾ CV (2 kW), while racers had as much as 8 CV (6 kW). In 1898, Louis Renault had

1260-474: The old A23 road to the finish at Brighton – a distance of 54 mi (87 km). There are two official stops along the way: Crawley (for coffee) and Preston Park (in a suburb of Brighton). Preston Park is the official finishing point; the cars then proceed to Madeira Drive on the seafront, also the venue for Brighton's other big motoring event, the Brighton Speed Trials . The event

1302-783: The onset of the Second World War up to 1947 owing to petrol rationing, and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . With all this considered, it is the world's longest running motoring event. Since 1930, the event has been controlled by the Royal Automobile Club (RAC). Many racing drivers and celebrities have taken part in the event, including Richard Shuttleworth (1928–1934; 1936–1938), S. C. H. "Sammy" Davis , Sir Malcolm Campbell , Prince Bira , George Eyston , Richard Seaman , Kaye Don , George Formby , Phil Hill , Stirling Moss , Jochen Mass , Nigel Mansell and Damon Hill The 72nd anniversary run took place in 1968 and

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1344-538: The passenger facing the driver, who sat in the rear seat. The voiturette had one inestimable advantage: the expanding clutches of the gearbox were operated by a lever on the steering column. The Model D was developed through Models E, G, I, and J, with 6 CV (4.5 kW) by 1902, when the 8 CV (6 kW) Model K rear-entry phaeton appeared, with front-end styling resembling the contemporary Renault . Until World War I, De Dion-Boutons had an unusual decelerator pedal which reduced engine speed and ultimately applied

1386-403: The promotion was insufficient, because De Dion was the sole entrant. It completed the course, with de Dion at the tiller, and was clocked at 60 km/h (37 mph). That figure must be viewed with considerable care, because the first official land speed record , set in 1898, was 63.15 km/h (39.24 mph). The vehicle survives, is in road-worthy condition, and has been a regular entry in

1428-399: The revs, the problems vanished. In trials, it achieved an unprecedented 3500 rpm, and was usually run at 2,000 rpm, a limit imposed by its atmospheric valves and surface carburettor . Inlet and exhaust valves were overhead, and a flywheel was fitted to each end of the crankshaft. This engine was fitted behind the rear axle of a tricycle frame bought from Decauville , fitted with

1470-549: The speed limit had been 4 mph (6.4 km/h) in the country and 2 mph (3.2 km/h) in the town and an escort had been required to walk 20 yd (18 m) ahead of the vehicle. The run was also the first meet of the Motor Car Club, of which Lawson was president. The event started with a breakfast at the Charing Cross Hotel , which included the symbolic tearing in two by Lord Winchelsea of

1512-435: The two-cylinder 1728 cc (105 in ) 12 CV (8 kW) S, followed in 1904 by the four-cylinder 2,545 cc (155.3 cu in) 15 CV (11 kW) Type AD and 24 CV (18 kW) AI. The cars were also becoming more and more conventional in styling , with the radiator moving in front of the engine and the clutch changing from a hand lever to a pedal. A pair of works 10 CV (7.5 kW) De Dion-Boutons, in

1554-730: The weight of the vehicle with the non-weight-bearing driveshafts or drive chains articulated separately alongside it. On 22 July 1894, during the Paris–Rouen race , it averaged 18.7 km/h (11.6 mph) over the 126 km (78 mi) route, but was disqualified because it needed both a driver and a stoker. Two more cars were made in 1885, followed by a series of lightweight two-cylinder tricars which, from 1892, had Michelin pneumatic tyres . In 1893, steam tractors were introduced which were designed to tow horse-drawn carriages for passengers or freight (sometimes called "steam drags") which used an innovative axle design that became known as

1596-539: Was formed in Paris in 1883. That became the De Dion-Bouton automobile company, the world's largest automobile manufacturer for a time, well-known for the quality, reliability, and durability of their vehicles. Before 1883 was over, the company had set up shop in larger premises in the Passage de Léon, Paris, tried and dropped steam engines for boats, and produced a steam car. With the boiler and engine mounted at

1638-570: Was in operation for only one year, and the cars gained a reputation for unreliability during that time. Representatives of De Dion in the United States claimed that the licensee had violated the contract and advertised for a new licensee. In 1900, De Dion-Bouton was the largest automobile manufacturer in the world, producing 400 cars and 3,200 engines. The company soon began producing engines and licenses for other automobile companies, with an estimate of 150 makes using them. Production

1680-412: Was joined by celebrity participants Prince Rainier and Princess Grace of Monaco , in a 1903 De Dion-Bouton . That year Stirling Moss also participated, driving a 1903 four-cylinder Mercedes . Some participants dress up in a late Victorian or Edwardian style of clothing. In 1971 Queen Elizabeth II was a passenger in a 1900 Daimler. A regular participant is Prince Michael of Kent . In 2010

1722-470: Was so great, that it proved impossible to test every engine. If one failed on the bench, it was simply disassembled. Every engine was being made by hand because the assembly line had not yet been introduced. By 1904, some 40,000 engines had been supplied across Europe. That year, De Dion-Bouton's factory at Quai National (now Quai de Dion-Bouton), Puteaux , employed 1,300 people and produced more than 2,000 cars, all hand-made. The engine moved to

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1764-610: Was used on many pioneering motor bicycles, and was widely copied by makers including US Brands Indian and Harley-Davidson. In 1900, the De Dion-Bouton Motorette Company began manufacturing De Dion-Bouton automobiles under license in Brooklyn , New York. A small quantity of American De Dion Motorettes were made. They had either two-seater vis-a-vis or closed coachwork, and were powered by a 3.5 horsepower (2.6 kW) American-made engines. The venture

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