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21-504: (Redirected from A-22 ) A22 or A-22 is a three-character acronym that may refer to: Vehicles [ edit ] A 22 (keelboat) , a sailing yacht A-22 Maryland , an American light bomber of World War II manufactured by Glenn L. Martin Company Aero A.22 , a Czech civil utility aircraft built during the 1920s Aeroprakt A-22 , a Ukrainian ultralight aircraft Arrows A22 ,

42-551: A Formula One car Fiat A.22 , a piston aero-engine used on the 1925 Italian aircraft Ansaldo A.120 IVL A.22 Hansa , a 1922 Finnish license copy of the German two-seat, low winged single-engined seaplane Hansa-Brandenburg W.33 MAN A22 , internal code for the NLxx3F low-floor single-deck bus chassis built by MAN Biomedicine [ edit ] British NVC community A22 (Littorella uniflora - Lobelia dortmanna community) ,

63-604: A cheaper alternative to high-end yachts. These include Swedish Mälar boats (M15, M22 , M25 and M30 ), Finnish Nordic 22, 'B' class Skerry cruisers and others. Some other early one-design classes, such as the Hai show obvious Skerry cruiser influence. Swede 55 and Swede 41 yachts were also based on Square Metre boats. The term "skerry cruiser" comes from the Swedish term skärgårdskryssare ( German : Schärenkreuzer , ( Finnish : saaristoristeilijä ). The Swedish word "kryssare" has

84-753: A handful of boats participated. Meanwhile, International Rule had been revised in 1919 and in their new form became very popular, soon supplanting the Square Metre rule boats in the international arena and Olympic regattas. As weaknesses of the original rule became apparent, the Swedish Sailing Federation enacted a number of modifications from 1916 onwards. Construction standards became much more strict and classes had minimum freeboard and maximum lengths defined. The Rule also specified new minimum measurements for internal space, to ensure that boats would have adequate room for accommodations. This

105-405: A plant community ICD-10 code for Anthrax Chemical compound A22 (S-[3,4-dichlorobenzyl] isothiourea hydrochloride) with antibiotic activity Others [ edit ] A22 Sports Management, company aiming to create a European Super League in association football List of A22 roads English Opening , Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

126-605: A race from Kiel to Travemünde on the Baltic Sea, according to Uffa Fox , the well-known author on yacht design. Moving on to Sweden, Estlander obtained Swedish citizenship to be eligible for designing a Swedish entry for the 6 Metre Scandinavian Gold Cup . His creation May Be won the Gold Cup in the USA in 1927 for Swedish shipping tycoon Sven Salén. His Gold Cup winners include the later Swedish entries Ingegerd and Ian . In

147-450: A score of large apartment buildings in the booming capital city of Helsinki. These imposing buildings were created in the national romantic style. Some of them have lately been declared national heritage sites. When Estlander turned full-time yacht designer in 1914, he had already drawn 60 sailboats. He gained a reputation for light, radical boats, such as the double-hulled Flamingo of 1899. He made his international breakthrough in 1917 at

168-678: A slightly different and broader meaning than the English term "cruiser" and as such, the English translation is somewhat misleading. Gustaf Estlander Gustaf Axel Estlander (18 September 1876 – 1 December 1930) was a Finnish architect and one of the most successful Scandinavian yacht designers of the early 20th century. He was born and educated in Finland , later set up a yacht yard in Germany, and spent his final years in Sweden . As

189-602: A sporty youth, Estlander in 1894 sailed from Finland to Sweden in a canoe. He was an accomplished skater, winning the 1898 European Speed Skating Championships for Men in Helsinki, Finland. He also competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics . In 1898, Gustaf Estlander graduated as an architect from the Helsinki Polytechnic Institute (currently Aalto University ). He founded the architectural firm of Estlander & Settergren, which in 1903–1915 designed

210-518: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages A 22 (keelboat) In 1907, the Swedish Sailing Federation established a committee to design a national racing yacht class. Previous handicap rules had tended to be very simple and boats had evolved to be very fast and extreme racing machines, which were perceived as unsafe and impractical. Recently developed other options were

231-399: Is in contrast to International Rule designs where cabins are not required. The final revision of the rule was issued in 1925. It is still in effect with only minor later changes. As with many other sailing handicap and construction rules, the Square Metre rule fell in popularity as its weaknesses were discovered. However, in its revised form it has proved to be enduring and new boats following

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252-671: The Universal rule (also called 'American rule') and the International Metre rule , neither of which were seen as fully satisfactory by the Swedish Sailing Federation. The committee completed its proposal the following year. It was accepted as the first Square Metre Rule: yachts were to be classed by their sail area which was fixed. In addition, there were minimum requirements for weight and cabin measurements. Four new classes were originally accepted: 22 m , 30 m , 45 m and 55 m . Soon, new classes were to follow:

273-476: The 1920s, Gustaf Estlander reached international fame as a yacht designer, obtaining six-metre commissions from as far away as Cuba and Singapore. In total, more than 1000 yachts were built according to his drawings. Of these, 21 were six-metre yachts and eight were eight-metre yachts. His 8mR design Cheerio represented Finland at the 1936 Summer Olympic Games in Kiel, Germany. Estlander had himself participated in

294-461: The 38 m class in 1912; 15 m , 75 m , 95 m , 120 m and 150 m classes in 1913; finally in 1915, the 38 m and 45 m classes were combined into a new 40 m class. The new rule became very popular within the Baltic region; between 1907 and 1920, Finnish yards alone built some 600 Square metre rule yachts. During peak years, Skerry cruisers made up 95 percent of

315-473: The Baltic: Uffa Fox had the dubious pleasure of surfing this boat at 14 knots and claimed afterward that it followed the waves "like a sea serpent". This development quickly led to diminishing popularity of the Square Metre rule as these extreme hulls were perceived simply as too weak and uncomfortable to ride. 30 m and 40 m classes were accepted to the 1920 Summer Olympics , but only

336-643: The helm of his 22m² Skerry cruiser Colibri , trouncing all competitors at the Sandhamn regatta in Sweden. He quickly gained a large number of design commissions from clients in northern Europe. In the post-war years of 1921–23, he was chief designer and owner of the Pabst yard near Berlin, Germany. His 22m² , 30m² and 22m² skerry cruisers were successful on the inland lakes of northern Germany. His own enormous 150m² Skerry cruiser Singoalla reached 14.1 knots on

357-476: The rule are still built today. The internationally most active classes are the 22 m and 30 m . Larger classes are mostly boats built prior to the 1925 rule and generally only found in the Baltic, where they are dutifully cared for by enthusiasts. Although it was never quite as widespread as the International Rule, the Square Metre rule has a devoted following in many countries. Strongholds of

378-507: The rule have traditionally been Sweden, Finland and Germany, which also had national Square Metre rule boats, known as Seefahrtkreuzer . Many German square metre boats were confiscated by the British during and after World War II and transferred to Britain, where they became known as 'Windfall' yachts. In addition, the Square Metre rule produced a number of related one-design and construction classes, which usually were an attempt to design

399-448: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A22&oldid=1191075996 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

420-689: The yards' output. They were also exported to other European countries and the United States. The Square Metre rule was much less restrictive than competing International Rules. The relatively loose set of rules allowed previously built boats into the new classes if their rigging was modified to comply with the rules. They also gave designers relatively free hand, and top designers like the Finns Gustaf Estlander and Zake Westin soon came up with very extreme designs which pushed contemporary sailboat technology to its limits. Development

441-412: Was dramatic: for example, whilst early 40 m boats tended to be around 9 to 10 metres long, in 1923 Westin designed a 40 m boat which was 15.2 metres long and had a beam of only 1.74 m — a length to beam ratio of nearly 9 to 1. An often cited example as some sort of pinnacle of the rule was the 150 m Singoalla , designed by Estlander in 1919 and claimed to have been the fastest boat in

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