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109-486: Production was handled by Plain Pat and Emile ; samples range from Outkast to Paul Simon and N.E.R.D to Band of Horses . The mixtape allowed a new progression of Kid Cudi with the release catching the ear of Kanye West , founder of GOOD Music , whom Cudi would ultimately be signed to later that year. Notably, the album contains the song " Day 'n' Nite ", Kid Cudi's commercial debut single, which reached number three on

218-534: A Def Jam meeting. He would later be kicked out by his uncle and forced to find a new place; the parents of Dot da Genius , a new frequent collaborator of Cudi, allowed him to stay with their family in Brooklyn, as long as he kept creating music with their son. The following connection Cudi made was through a friend of Plain Pat, a high-profile hip hop producer by the name of Emile Haynie , who discovered Cudi through social media site MySpace , where Cudi had uploaded

327-571: A Mims -esque ' This Is Why I'm Hot ' beat in the single 'Day ‘N’ Night', to the slowed down tracks 'Man on the Moon' and '50 Ways to Make a Record' that will remind you of something by Gym Class Heroes . Heavy-hitting tracks 'T.G.I.F.' and 'Cleveland Is the Reason' finish the mixtape strong with clear influences from Mr. West on both tracks." Ian A. of Teen Ink wrote "His work has changed my persona on rap music greatly. Everyone out there who thinks rap

436-418: A billing block, which is a list of the principal cast and crew . It is the same list that appears on posters and print publicity materials, and also usually appears on-screen at the beginning (or end) of the movie. Studio production logos are usually featured near the beginning of the trailer. Until the late 1970s, they were put only at the end of the trailer or not used at all; however, Paramount Pictures

545-412: A book which employs techniques similar to those of movie trailers to promote books and encourage readers. These trailers can also be referred to as "video-podcasts", with higher quality trailers being called "cinematic book trailers". They are circulated on television and online in most common digital video formats. Common formats of book trailers include actors performing scenes from the book akin to

654-441: A Record" being the only track omitted from the reissue. Cudi revealed that the track, which samples the 1976 Billboard number-one hit single " 50 Ways to Leave Your Lover " by American singer Paul Simon , could not be cleared for an official release. Credits for A Kid Named Cudi adapted from AllMusic . Credits for A Kid Named Cudi (re-release) adapted from AllMusic . Hip hop production Hip hop production

763-574: A Roland TR-808. The Akai MPC60 came out in 1988, capable of 12 seconds of sampling time. The Beastie Boys released Paul's Boutique in 1989, an entire album created completely from an eclectic mix of samples, produced by the Dust Brothers using an Emax sampler. De La Soul also released 3 Feet High and Rising that year. Public Enemy 's Bomb Squad revolutionized the sound of hip-hop with dense production styles, combining tens of samples per song, often combining percussion breaks with

872-522: A blonde wig for the fleeting sequence. Since the title, "Psycho", instantly covers most of the screen, the switch went unnoticed by audiences for years until freeze-frame analysis clearly revealed that it was Vera Miles and not Janet Leigh in the shower during the trailer. In the United States there are dozens of companies, many of which are in Los Angeles and New York City, that specialize in

981-589: A bonus feature instead of having to watch through the trailers before the film. In summer 1993, the major movie studios started to make trailers available online with the Walt Disney Company providing promotions for Guilty as Sin , Life With Mikey and Super Mario Bros. available to Macintosh users via CompuServe and Columbia Pictures posting a trailer for In the Line of Fire available for download to AOL subscribers. Beginning in

1090-438: A cut of the whole film. Often, the film is still in production while the trailer is in the works. While the intention is not to be misleading, due to the nature of dailies being easily replaced, sometimes certain shots that are present in the trailer are nowhere to be seen in the final film. Furthermore, trailers could be misleading in a 'for the audience's own good' kind of way, in that a general audience would not usually see such

1199-622: A decrease in the number of trailers rented and shown to audiences. Some cinemas also began to show "trailer trash" programs of trailers without a main feature. Similarly, several DVDs containing nothing but trailers for films, typically from exploitation film genres, have been produced for sale. Beginning in the late 1990s to early 2000s, and along with the development of the Internet and sites such as YouTube as well as animation techniques, more types of trailers began to be created due to easier and cheaper costs to produce and show trailers. In

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1308-574: A drum machine. Their beats were much more structured than the early more minimal and repetitive beats. The MPC3000 was released in 1994, the AKAI MPC2000 in 1997, followed by the MPC2000XL in 1999 and the MPC2500 in 2006. These machines combined a sampling drum machine with an onboard MIDI sequencer and became the centerpiece of many hip hop producers' studios. Wu Tang Clan's producer RZA

1417-561: A film due to preconceptions, and by bait and switching , they can allow the audience to have a great viewing experience that they would not ordinarily have. However, the opposite is true too, with the promise of great trailers being let down by mediocre films. An American woman sued the makers of Drive because their film "failed to live up to its promo's promise", although her lawsuit was dismissed. In August 2016, an American lawyer attempted to sue Suicide Squad for false advertising over lack of scenes including Joker . Trailers tell

1526-608: A flood of new semi-professional beatmakers, who license their beats or instrumentals preferably on digital marketplaces to rap artists from all around the world and caused the creation of a new niche market. Some Beatmakers oppose complete reliance on DAWs and software, citing lower overall quality, lack of effort, and lack of identity in computer-generated beats. Sequencing software often comes under criticism from purist listeners and traditional producers as producing sounds that are flat, overly clean, overly compressed, and less human because it's all computer-generated. Popular DAWs include

1635-485: A movie trailer, full production trailers, flash videos, animation or simple still photos set to music with text conveying the story. This differs from author readings and interviews, which consist of video footage of the author narrating a portion of their writing or being interviewed. Early book trailers consisted mostly of still images of the book, with some videos incorporating actors, with John Farris's book trailer for his 1986 novel Wildwood incorporating images from

1744-644: A movie, studio trailer, animation techniques, or fan-acted scenes replacing the video of the official trailer. Every year there are two main events that give awards to outstanding film trailers: The Key Art Awards , presented by The Hollywood Reporter , and the Golden Trailer Awards . The Golden Trailer Awards and the Key Art Awards pick winners in all creative parts of film advertising, from trailers and TV spots to posters and print ads. The Golden Trailer Awards are currently expanding to add

1853-497: A new intro , and all songs have been remastered . On July 10, Cudi revealed the re-issue would feature new cover art . Cudi unveiled the new album cover the following day, detailing how “this photo was taken by Mel D. Cole on 9.22.08 in NYC. Right before my life changed forever.” The mixtape was commercially re-released and made available on streaming services for the first time, on the announced date of July 15, with "50 Ways to Make

1962-479: A performance on Encore , the virtual concert app Cudi launched earlier in February, Cudi announced that the mixtape would be coming to streaming platforms “very soon” and would also receive a vinyl release. On July 4, 2022, Cudi announced that the mixtape would be officially issued to streaming services on July 15, just two days shy of the 14th anniversary of its original release. Cudi also revealed that he recorded

2071-512: A practice that would wane in the 2000s. In the early 1960s, the face of motion picture trailers changed. Textless, montage trailers and quick-editing became popular, largely due to the arrival of the New Hollywood and techniques that were becoming increasingly popular in television. Among the trend setters were Stanley Kubrick with his montage trailers for Lolita ( 1962 ), Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love

2180-415: A recognizable song or a powerful, sweeping orchestral piece). This last act often consists of a visual montage of powerful and emotional moments of the film and may also contain a cast run if there are noteworthy stars that could help sell the movie. Voice-over narration is sometimes used to briefly set up the premise of the film and provide explanation when necessary, although this practice has declined in

2289-410: A single via digital distribution and 12-inch vinyl . An electro-house remix produced by Italian duo Crookers and an abundance of rappers recording their own verses over the original production, helped Cudi gain major recognition. In April 2008, Cudi released a music video for a song titled “Heaven at Nite”. Directed by American filmmaker Vashtie Kola , it features Cudi in a party scene throughout

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2398-644: A sister event, The World Trailer Awards, to be a kickoff to the Cannes Film Festival in France, 2013. The yearly Key Art Awards ceremony is often held at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The Film Informant also recognizes movie marketing media and held the first annual TFI Awards in early January 2012. The site is the first to officially start recognizing and rating movie marketing media on

2507-541: A technique of splicing out or copying sections of other songs and rearranging or reworking these sections into cohesive musical patterns, or "loops." This technique was first fully explored in 1982 by Afrika Bambaata , on the Soulsonic Force tape Planet Rock , which sampled parts of dance act Kraftwerk and experienced vast public acclaim. This was followed up on in 1986: then- Def Jam producer Rick Rubin used Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin loops in creating

2616-623: A vocal track (the "rap"). The artist who crafts the beat is the producer (or beatmaker), and the one who crafts the rap is the MC (emcee). In this format, the rap is almost always the primary focus of the song, providing most of the complexity and variation over a fairly repetitive beat. Instrumental hip hop is hip hop music without an emcee rapping. This format gives the producer the flexibility to create more complex, richly detailed and varied instrumentals. Songs of this genre may wander off in different musical directions and explore various subgenres, because

2725-471: A waste bin counted. A market for trailers evolved as it became clear that some had a commercial value to collectors. Many of the trailers for films like the Star Wars series reported as 'destroyed' were taken back out of the bin and sold by cinema staff. As they cost about $ 60 each to make (1981 estimate) and were hired to the cinema for $ 10, such losses led to NSS increasing its rental charges, which led to

2834-549: A website dedicated to allowing publishers and authors to post book trailers and other multimedia, culminating in the annual BookReels Awards. BookReels lets readers browse and rate trailers, post comments and reviews, join discussion groups, and share BookReel discoveries. Cinematic book trailers have become standard marketing tools used by publishers to promote more commercial titles or novels with film potential. For popular movies, fans often make trailers on their own. These are unofficial videos by fans utilizing audio or video of

2943-957: Is a core element of hip hop production. While some beats are sampled, others are created by drum machines . The most widely used drum machine is the analog Roland TR-808 , which has remained a mainstay for decades. Digital samplers , such as the E-mu SP-12 and SP-1200 , and the Akai MPC series, have also been used to sample drum beats. Others yet are a hybrid of the two techniques, sampled parts of drum machine beats that are arranged in original patterns altogether. The Akai MPC series and Ensoniq ASR-10 are mainstays for sampling beats, particularly by The Neptunes . Some beat makers and record producers are sound designers that create their own electronic drum kit sounds, such as Dr. Dre , Timbaland , DJ Paul & Juicy J , Swizz Beatz , Kanye West and The Neptunes. Some drum machine sounds, such as

3052-480: Is a product of creative and technical work. Movie trailers have now become popular on DVDs and Blu-ray discs, as well as on the Internet, livestreaming and mobile devices. Of some 10 billion videos watched online annually, film trailers rank third, after news and user-created video. The trailer format has been adopted as a promotional tool for television shows, video games, books, and theatrical events/concerts. The first trailer shown in an American film theater

3161-591: Is an example of one, but they are ultimately responsible for the final sound of a recording and providing guidance to the artists and performers, as well as advising the audio engineer on the selection of everything from microphones and effects processors to how to mix vocal and instrumental levels. Hip-hop, the dominant turn-of-the-century pop form, gives the most electrifying demonstration of technology's empowering effect [...] [T]he genre rose up from desperately impoverished high-rise ghettos , where families couldn't afford to buy instruments for their kids and even

3270-408: Is crucial to consider this when mixing. Vocals are one of the most essential elements to the overall sound of hip hop tracks and attract the most attention. They are often mixed with heavy processing, including equalization (EQ), compression, and the use of effects such as reverb and delay. In modern hip hop, auto-tune has become a defining characteristic and adds a stylized, almost robotic effect to

3379-451: Is not in the final movie, or the trailer editor and the film editor may use different takes of a particular shot. Another common technique is including music on the trailer which does not appear on the movie's soundtrack. This is nearly always a requirement, as trailers and teasers are created long before the composer has even been hired for the film score—sometimes as much as a year ahead of the movie's release date—while composers are usually

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3488-616: Is often credited for getting hip hop attention away from Dr. Dre 's more polished sound in 1993. RZA's more gritty sound with low rumbling bass, sharp snare drum sounds and unique sampling style based on Ensoniq sampler. With the 1994 release of The Notorious B.I.G. 's Ready to Die , Sean Combs and his assistant producers pioneered a new style where entire sections of records were sampled, instead of short snippets, à la MC Hammer ’s “Can’t Touch This.” Records like "Warning" ( Isaac Hayes 's " Walk On By "), and "One More Chance (Remix)" ( Debarge 's "Stay With Me") epitomized this aesthetic. In

3597-717: Is stupid, just listen to some of Kid Cudi’s music and hopefully you will change your mind." In a 2013 article for The BoomBox , the author wrote: "On [ A Kid Named Cudi ], Cudi raps and croons over samples and interpolations of Gnarls Barkley , Paul Simon , Band of Horses , J Dilla , Nosaj Thing , N.E.R.D. and Outkast . He melded indie rock , electronica and dubstep seamlessly with hip-hop without pandering or reaching. Before Drake broke through with 2009’s So Far Gone , rapping and singing over Swedish indie poppers Lykke Li and Peter Bjorn and John , Cudi tweaked with multi-genre covers and seamless transitions between singing and rapping." In 2021, Cudi revealed plans to upload

3706-500: Is the creation of hip hop music in a recording studio. While the term encompasses all aspects of hip hop music creation, including recording the rapping of an MC , a turntablist or DJ providing a beat, playing samples and " scratching " using record players and the creation of a rhythmic backing track, using a drum machine or sequencer , it is most commonly used to refer to recording the instrumental, non-lyrical and non-vocal aspects of hip hop. Hip hop producers may be credited as

3815-405: Is to produce a final product where all the elements in the song complement each other to create an intended listening experience. Mixing is considered a creative process, as there is no definite right or wrong way to mix a song. Each mixing engineer mixes with their own style and inputs their own creative intent to the track. Rhythm and vocals are the most important aspects to the hip hop genre and it

3924-475: Is used to add depth and space, while delay is used to create rhythm between the vocal and instrumental elements. Small amounts of saturation can be applied to the drums for more presence, or vocals to add warmth and harmonics. DAWs and software sequencers are used in modern hip hop production for the composer as software production products are cheaper, easier to expand, and require less room to run than their hardware counterparts. The success of these DAWs generated

4033-646: The Beastie Boys ' debut Licensed to Ill , and the following year rap duo Eric B. & Rakim popularized James Brown samples with their album Paid in Full . The technique took a bi-coastal turn when discovered by a young Dr. Dre , whose first gig was the DJ of Afrika Bambaata-esque electrofunk group, the World Class Wreckin' Cru . In 1988, Dre began his use of sampling in hip-hop when he produced

4142-636: The N.W.A album Straight Outta Compton , a landmark in the genre of gangsta rap . In 1989, Jazz -sampling pioneers Gang Starr followed in 1991 by Pete Rock & CL Smooth and A Tribe Called Quest both appeared on the scene, popularizing their brand, and sampling took on a full role in hip-hop, spreading to prominence in high-profile projects like the Wu-Tang Clan 's Enter the Wu-Tang: 36 Chambers , Dr. Dre's The Chronic , Nas ' Illmatic and Notorious B.I.G. 's Ready to Die . In

4251-402: The tone and mood of the trailer. Usually the music used in the trailer is not from the film itself (the film score may not have been composed yet). The music used in the trailer may be: A cast run is a list of the stars that appear in the movie. If the director or producer is well-known or has made other popular movies, they often warrant a mention as well. Most trailers conclude with

4360-503: The 1960s thriller Psycho , which featured director Alfred Hitchcock giving viewers a guided tour of the Bates Motel, eventually arriving at the infamous shower. At this point, the soft-spoken Hitchcock suddenly throws the shower curtain back to reveal Vera Miles with a blood-curdling scream. As the trailer, in fact, was made after completion of the film when Janet Leigh was no longer available for filming, Hitchcock had Miles don

4469-494: The 1980s-era TR-808 cowbell, remain as historical elements of hip hop lore that continue to be used in 2010s-era hip hop. Hip hop does not simply draw inspiration from a range of samples, but it layers these fragments into an artistic object. If sampling is the first level of hip hop aesthetics, how the pieces or elements fit together constitute the second level. Hip hop emphasizes and calls attention to its layered nature. The aesthetic code of hip hop does not seek to render invisible

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4578-561: The 2000s and 2010s, artists such as RJD2 , J Dilla , Pete Rock , Large Professor , MF DOOM , Danny! , Nujabes , Madlib , Damu the Fudgemunk , Wax Tailor , Denver Kajanga, DJ Krush , Hermitude , Abstract Orchestra , and Blockhead have garnered critical attention with instrumental hip hop albums. Due to the current state of copyright law, most instrumental hip-hop releases are released on small, independent and underground labels. Producers often have difficulty obtaining clearance for

4687-509: The 2000s, sampling began to reach an all-time high; Jay-Z 's album The Blueprint helped put producers Kanye West and Just Blaze on the map for their sampling of soul records. Kanye West himself scored early hits with " Through the Wire " and " Jesus Walks ", often considered by West as " chipmunk soul ", due to its sped up vocals on both songs. His 2004 album, The College Dropout , included two sampled hits featuring Twista which led to

4796-612: The Bomb ( 1964 ), and 2001: A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ). Kubrick's main inspiration for the Dr. Strangelove trailer was the short film Very Nice, Very Nice ( 1961 ) by Canadian film visionary Arthur Lipsett . Pablo Ferro , who pioneered the techniques Kubrick required as necessary elements for the success of his campaign, created the Dr. Strangelove trailer, as well as the award-winning trailer for A Clockwork Orange ( 1971 ). Many home videos contain trailers for other movies produced by

4905-552: The Chicago rapper's Kamikaze selling platinum. On September 7, 2004, however, a U.S. Court of Appeals in Nashville changed the nature of musical copyright infringement by ruling that a license is needed in every case of sampling, where previously a small portion of the song could be copied without repercussion. The law immediately began rarefying samples in hip-hop; in a 2005 interview with Scratch magazine , Dr. Dre announced he

5014-634: The Dot da Genius-produced track “ Day n Nite .” In 2007, Cudi would meet American disc jockey A-Trak , who would go on to sign Cudi to officially release “Day n Nite” as a single , through his label imprint Fool's Gold Records . As “Day n Nite” would climb major music charts, the three would work towards creating Cudi's first full-length release. With its production overseen by Plain Pat and Emile Haynie, Cudi's debut mixtape would be released on July 17, 2008, by NYC streetwear brand 10.Deep, in conjunction with indie record label Fool's Gold. The mixtape would serve as

5123-492: The Moon . In 2005, Kid Cudi moved from his hometown Shaker Heights, Cleveland, Ohio to New York City in pursuit of a career in music. Upon moving to NYC, Cudi stayed with his uncle, accomplished jazz drummer Kalil Madi, in the South Bronx . While working different Manhattan retail jobs to support himself, he would go on to make several connections in the music industry, the first being American record executive Plain Pat at

5232-668: The SL-1200 remained the most widely used turntable in DJ culture for the next several decades. Synthesizers are used often in hip hop production. They are used for melodies, basslines , as percussive "stabs", for chords and for sound synthesis, to create new sound textures. The use of synthesizers was popularized by Dr. Dre during the G-funk era. In the 2000s, Jim Jonsin , Cool and Dre , Lil Jon , Scott Storch , and Neptunes continue to use synths. Often in low-budget studio environments or recording rooms constrained by space limitations,

5341-590: The US Billboard Hot 100 chart. The mixtape received favorable reviews from music critics, and is also largely credited with establishing Cudi's fan base. Cudi reissued a re-mastered version of A Kid Named Cudi , 14 years after its original release, on July 15, 2022, via Republic Records . The mixtape was reissued following Cudi's first greatest hits album The Boy Who Flew to the Moon, Vol. 1 (2022) and prior to his eighth solo album Entergalactic (2022), also preceding his 2022 global concert tour To

5450-437: The actual film. The most notable film to use this technique was Terminator 2: Judgment Day , whose trailer featured an elaborate special effect scene of a T-800 Terminator being assembled in a factory that was never intended to be in the film itself. Dimension Films also shot extra scenes for their 2006 horror remake, Black Christmas - these scenes were used in promotional footage for the film, but are similarly absent from

5559-459: The artist's voice. Occasionally, vocal mixing can also include effects such as saturation or pitch modulation to bring a certain stylistic sound. Mixing the beat in hip hop involves having a strong low-end that complements the vocals. Most hip hop beats consist of elements such as the 808 bass, kick, snare, hi-hats, and melodic instruments such as synths or samples. Having a good mix means every element should be distinguishable with its own place in

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5668-411: The beginning of the trailer that give a small tease of what will be shown. Due to the spike of short videos across social media, bumpers are intended to grab the viewer’s attention quickly so they keep watching the whole trailer. National Screen Service contracts required that trailers be returned (at the cinema's expense) or destroyed; however, it required no proof of destruction, and depositing them in

5777-744: The book cover along with actors such as John Zacherle . In September 2007, the School Library Journal established the Trailie Award for the best book trailers. There are three categories: author/publisher created, student created and librarian/adult created. The award was announced at the School Library Journal Leadership Summit on the Future of Reading on October 22, 2010, in Chicago. In 2014, Dan Rosen and CV Herst established BookReels,

5886-430: The case. For example, Cyberpunk 2077 failed to deliver multiple features it had included in trailers, and the trailer for Aliens: Colonial Marines featured graphics that were of a higher standard than the game that was eventually sold. TV spots are trailers for movies shown on television that are often shortened to 30–60 seconds. These trailers are similar to green band trailers and have content "appropriate" for

5995-570: The catalyst for Cudi to sign to GOOD Music , the label imprint of American rapper Kanye West . Plain Pat, who was West's A&R at the time, had previously introduced him to Cudi's music. He would officially sign with GOOD Music after West called upon Cudi to help work on his fourth album 808s & Heartbreak (2008), where Cudi impressed West, ultimately contributing vocals to two songs (“ Welcome to Heartbreak ” and “ Paranoid ”) and co-writing two more (“ Heartless ” and “ RoboCop ”). On February 5, 2008, Fool's Gold Records released “Day n Nite” as

6104-409: The channel. While not initially prevalent in television, TV show trailers started as a common form of advertisement in the late 2000s. They are often trailers advertising a new TV series, episode, event or marathon premiering on television. Trailers for the next episode of a TV series are often shown during or following the closing credits of the show. A book trailer is a video advertisement for

6213-704: The composer would use virtual instruments instead of hardware synthesizers. In the 2010s, virtual instruments are becoming more common in high-budget studio environments. In hip hop, a multi-track recorder is standard for recording. The Portastudio cassette recorder was the law in the in-house recording studios in the 1980s. Digital ADAT tape recorders became standard during the 1990s, but have been largely replaced by Digital Audio Workstations or DAWs such as Apple's Logic, Avid's Pro Tools and Steinberg's Nuendo and Cubase. DAW's allow for more intricate editing and unlimited track counts, as well as built-in effects. This allows songwriters and composers to create music without

6322-468: The course of the 2010s, many chart-topping hits revolved around music producers using digital audio workstation software (for example FL Studio) to create songs from sampled sounds. Some prominent music producers include Sonny Digital , Mike Will Made It , Metro Boomin , WondaGurl , Zaytoven , Lex Luger , Young Chop , DJ L Beats, Tay Keith , and the birth of music producing groups such as 808Mafia , Winner's Circle, and Internet Money . The drum beat

6431-400: The creation of film trailers. The trailer may be created at agencies (such as The Cimarron Group, MOJO, The Ant Farm, Ben Cain, Aspect Ratio, Flyer Entertainment, Trailer Park, Buddha Jones) while the film itself is being cut together at the studio. Since the edited film does not exist at this point, the trailer editors work from rushes or dailies . Thus, the trailer may contain footage that

6540-430: The different facets of the contemporary hip hop producer; a single production credit can involve any number of these roles. Trailer (promotion) A trailer (also known as a preview , coming attraction , or attraction video ) is a short advertisement, originally designed for a feature film , which highlights key scenes of upcoming features intended to be exhibited in the future at a movie theater or cinema. It

6649-502: The direct-drive turntable technology of the Technics SL-1100, which he used for the first sound system he set up after emigrating to New York in the 1970s. The signature technique he developed was playing two copies of the same record on two turntables in alternation to extend the b-dancers ' favorite section, switching back and forth between the two to loop the breaks to a rhythmic beat. The most influential turntable

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6758-652: The disadvantages of dynamic microphones are they do not generally possess the wide spectrum of condenser microphones and their frequency response is not as uniform. Many hip-hop producers typically used the Neumann U-87 for recording vocals which imparts a glassy "sheen" especially on female vocals. But today, many producers in this musical genre use the Sony C-800G tube microphone, vintage microphones, and high-end ribbon microphones tuned for flattering, "big" vocal expression. Many classic hip-hop songs were recorded with

6867-446: The drum set has taken numerous identities. It is the instrument that makes jazz "swing" and rock 'n' roll "rock." With a new age of pop music on the rise within the past decade , it is easy to assume the drum set has been replaced by electronic sounds produced by an engineer. In reality, the drum set is the reason behind the production of these electronic beats, and live drummers contribute to modern day hip-hop much more than what meets

6976-421: The ear. An example of a drummer recording on a hip-hop record is Kendrick Lamar 's album titled To Pimp A Butterfly which was released in 2015. Robert Sput Searight, drummer of Snarky Puppy , performed on the tracks titled "For Free" and "Hood Politics." When performing live, Lamar would often employ a live band as opposed to most live hip-hop that use a pre-recorded backing track. The non-musician may find

7085-521: The earliest songs to contain a drum loop or break was " Rhymin' and Stealin' " by the Beastie Boys , produced by Rick Rubin . Marley Marl also popularized a style of restructuring drum loops by sampling individual drum hits in the mid-1980s, a technique that was popularized by the MC Shan 's 1986 single "The Bridge," which used chops of " Impeach the President " on two Korg Delay/sampling triggered by

7194-410: The early 2000s, Roc-a-Fella in-house producer Kanye West made the "chipmunk" technique popular. This had been first used by 1980s electro hip-hop group Newcleus with such songs as "Jam on It". This technique involves speeding up a vocal sample, and its corresponding instrumental loop, to the point where the vocal sounds high-pitched. The result is a vocal sample that sounds similar to the singing of

7303-520: The expense of a large commercial studio. Generally, professional producers opt for a condenser microphone for studio recording, mostly due to their wide-range response and high quality. A primary alternative to the expensive condenser microphone is the dynamic microphone , used more often in live performances due to its durability. The major disadvantages of condenser microphones are their expense and fragility. Also, most condenser microphones require phantom power, unlike dynamic microphones. Conversely,

7412-592: The feature film, the term "trailer" was used to describe the promotion; despite it coming before, or "previewing", the film it was promoting. This practice was found to be somewhat ineffective, often ignored by audiences who left immediately after the film. Later, exhibitors changed their practice so that trailers were only one part of the film program, which included cartoon shorts, newsreels, and serial adventure episodes. Today, more elaborate trailers and commercial advertisements have largely replaced other forms of pre-feature entertainment, and in major multiplex chains, about

7521-434: The film being advertised. Since the purpose of the trailer is to attract an audience to the film, these excerpts are usually drawn from the most exciting, funny, or otherwise noteworthy parts of the film but in abbreviated form and usually without producing spoilers . For this purpose the scenes are not necessarily in the order in which they appear in the film. A trailer has to achieve that in less than 2 minutes and 30 seconds,

7630-434: The film. The key ambition in trailer-making is to impart an intriguing story that gets film audiences emotionally involved. Most trailers have a three-act structure similar to a feature-length film. They start with a beginning (act 1) that lays out the premise of the story. The middle (act 2) drives the story further and usually ends with a dramatic climax. Act 3 usually features a strong piece of "signature music" (either

7739-484: The first direct-drive turntables , which eliminated belts, and instead employed a motor to directly drive the platter on which a vinyl record rests. The Technics SL-1100 was adopted by early hip hop artists in the 1970s, due to its strong motor, durability and fidelity. A forefather of turntablism was DJ Kool Herc , an immigrant from Jamaica to New York City. He introduced turntable techniques from Jamaican dub music , while developing new techniques made possible by

7848-447: The first 20 minutes after the posted showtime is devoted to trailers. Until the late 1950s, trailers were mostly created by National Screen Service and consisted of various key scenes from the film being advertised, often augmented with large, descriptive text describing the story, and an underscore generally pulled from studio music libraries. Most trailers had some form of narration, and those that did featured stentorian voices,

7957-416: The first use of turntables in jazz fusion , and gave the turntablism and record " scratching " widespread exposure. The release of DJ Shadow 's debut album Endtroducing..... in 1996 saw the beginnings of a movement in instrumental hip hop. Relying mainly on a combination of sampled funk , hip hop and film score , DJ Shadow's innovative sample arrangements influenced many producers and musicians. In

8066-566: The fledgling Electro genre. An especially notable artist is the genre's own pioneer Juan Atkins who released what is generally accepted as the first American techno record, "Clear" in 1984 (later sampled by Missy Elliott ). These early electro records laid down the foundations that later Detroit techno artists such as Derrick May built upon. In 1983, Run-DMC recorded " It's Like That " and " Sucker M.C.'s ," two songs which relied completely on synthetic sounds, in this case via an Oberheim DMX drum machine, ignoring samples entirely. This approach

8175-421: The following: Live instrumentation is not as widespread in hip hop, but is used by a number of acts and is prominent in hip hop-based fusion genres such as rapcore . Before samplers and synthesizers became prominent parts of hip hop production, early hip hop hits such as " Rapper's Delight " ( The Sugarhill Gang ) and "The Breaks" ( Kurtis Blow ) were recorded with live studio bands. During the 1980s, Stetsasonic

8284-404: The gaming community, they are commonly accepted as part of the advertising necessary to get a game to sell. Gameplay trailers, sometimes referred to as "in-engine" trailers, are made using the game engine and take place inside the game's actual environment. In theory, this implies that actual game footage is recorded and acts as a "what you see is what you get" demonstration, though it is not always

8393-422: The impression that a celebrity who only has a minor part in the film is one of the main cast members, or advertising a film as being more action-packed than it is. These tricks are usually done to draw in a larger audience. Sometimes the trailers include footage not from the film itself. This could be an artistic choice, or because many times, trailer editors are given dailies , basically individual clips, instead of

8502-441: The instruments do not have to supply a steady beat for an MC. Although producers have made and released hip hop beats without MCs since hip hop's inception, those records rarely became well-known. Jazz keyboardist /composer Herbie Hancock and bassist/ producer Bill Laswell 's electro -inspired collaborations are notable exceptions. 1983's Future Shock album and hit single " Rockit " featured turntablist Grand Mixer D.ST ,

8611-519: The last creative people to work on the film. Some trailers that incorporate material not in the film are particularly coveted by collectors, especially trailers for classic films. For example, in a trailer for Casablanca the character Rick Blaine says, "OK, you asked for it!" before shooting Major Strasser; this line of dialogue is not spoken in the final film. Over the years, there have been many instances where trailers have been purported to give misleading representations of their films. They may give

8720-420: The late 1990s to early 2000s, more video game trailers have been produced as they become more mainstream to entice viewers to purchase the game. There are two main types of video game trailers: cinematic and gameplay. Cinematic trailers are usually made entirely separate from the game engine and rely more on CGI . Even though cinematic trailers do not represent actual gameplay and are a divisive promotional tool in

8829-410: The layers of samples, sounds, references, images, and metaphors. Rather, it aims to create a collage in which the sampled texts augment and deepen the song/book/art's meaning to those who can decode the layers of meaning. Sampling is using a segment of another's musical recording as part of one's own recording. It has been integral to hip hop production since its inception. In hip-hop, the term describes

8938-517: The many samples found throughout their work, and labels such as Stones Throw are fraught with legal problems. In contemporary hip hop production, the title producer has become a catch-all term that could indicate one or many types of contributions to any particular project. It is further complicated by the fact that the music industry has only three main categories to identify musical contributions – artist, producer, and songwriter – which often overlap in 21st century music production. Below are some of

9047-453: The maximum length allowed by the MPA . Each studio or distributor is allowed to exceed this time limit once a year, if they feel it is necessary for a particular film. In January 2014, the movie theater trade group National Association of Theatre Owners issued an industry guideline asking that film distributors supply trailers that run no longer than two minutes, which is 30 seconds shorter than

9156-412: The mid-to-late 2010s, many trailers have begun to incorporate a short 5- to 10-second preview of the trailer, sometimes called a "micro-teaser", at the very beginning of the video for the trailer itself. This has been explained as being a way to grab the viewer's attention quickly, so that they do not choose to skip the full trailer on streaming sites. Trailers consist of a series of selected shots from

9265-464: The mixtape on to streaming services in the US. The early 2020s saw popular mixtapes from the late 2000s be reissued on platforms such as Spotify and Apple Music , including Cudi's Republic Records label-mates Lil Wayne with No Ceilings (2009) and Nicki Minaj with Beam Me Up Scotty (2009). In January 2022, Cudi gave an update on the process citing sample clearance issues. On March 9, 2022, during

9374-622: The mixtape received favorable reviews from music critics, and is also largely credited with establishing Cudi's fan base. Guido Stern of Rapreviews wrote “Kid Cudi is creating the biggest buzz out of Cleveland since Bone Thugs ”, concluding with "We've already learned from Lil Wayne and Kanye West that the public is willing to embrace the martian—if accordingly entertaining. Fortunately, Kid Cudi isn't short in that respect, and will no doubt only improve upon his stellar debut given proper management and artistic liberation." Pinpoint Music wrote " A Kid Named Cudi blends styles, beats and even genres. From

9483-605: The most basic of equipment. In many cases this contributes to its raw sound quality, and charm. A lot of recording engineers prefer using "dry" acoustics for hip hop to minimize the room reverberation. Mixing is the process of blending audio elements together to create a cohesive sound that clearly conveys the artist’s intended experience for the listener. This process is the final step of music production, after songwriting, arrangement, and recording have been completed. Mixing involves adjusting audio tracks and applying tools such as equalizers, compression, and effects. The purpose of this

9592-522: The most densely packed sonic assemblages in musical history: Eric B. and Rakim 's Paid in Full , Public Enemy 's Fear of a Black Planet , Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . The Roland TR-808 drum machine was introduced in 1980, which was an analog machine with a step-programming method. The 808 was heavily used by Afrika Bambaataa , who released " Planet Rock " in 1982, in addition to the electro hip hip groundbreaking classic " Nunk " by Warp 9 , produced by Lotti Golden and Richard Scher, giving rise to

9701-418: The most rudimentary music-making seemed out of reach. But music was made all the same: the phonograph itself became an instrument. In the South Bronx in the 1970s, DJs like Kool Herc , Afrika Bambaataa , and Grandmaster Flash used turntables to create a hurtling collage of effects— loops , breaks , beats , scratches . Later, studio-bound DJs and beat maker's used digital sampling to assemble some of

9810-471: The popular cartoon singing animals " Alvin and the Chipmunks ". West adopted this style from J Dilla and the Wu-Tang Clan 's RZA , who in turn was influenced by Prince Paul , the pioneer of the style of speeding up and looping vocal samples to achieve the "chipmunk" sound. Kanye West has used the "chipmunk" effect in many of his songs, and has been used in many other artists' music in the 2010s. During

9919-439: The prior norm. The guideline is not mandatory, and also allows for limited exceptions of a select few movies having longer trailers. Film distributors reacted coolly to the announcement. There had been no visible disputes on trailer running time prior to the guideline, which surprised many. Some trailers use "special shoot" footage, which is material that has been created specifically for advertising purposes and does not appear in

10028-408: The record producer or songwriter; they may also supervise recording sessions. Hip hop instrumentals are colloquially referred to as beats or musical compositions, while the composer is called either a programmer, songwriter, or beat maker. In the studio, the hip hop producer often functions as both the composer and as a traditional record producer. They are sometimes called Orchestrators. P. Diddy

10137-600: The rehearsals and other incidents connected with the production will be sent out in advance of the show, to be presented to the Loew's picture houses and will take the place of much of the bill board advertising". Granlund was also first to introduce trailer material for an upcoming motion picture, using a slide technique to promote an upcoming film featuring Charlie Chaplin at Loew's Seventh Avenue Theatre in Harlem in 1914. Due to trailers initially being shown after, or "trailing",

10246-513: The same company scheduled to be available shortly after the legal release of the video, so as not to spend money advertising the videos on TV. Most VHS tapes would play them at the beginning of the tape, but some VHS tapes contained previews at the end of the film or at both ends of the tape. VHS tapes that contained trailers at the end usually reminded the viewer to "Stay tuned after the feature for more previews." With DVDs and Blu-rays , and live streaming and mobile devices, trailers can operate as

10355-458: The same format as the feature, being either 35 mm film or a digital format. High bandwidth internet connections allow for trailers to be distributed online at any resolution. Since the advent of Digital 3D , it has become common for a 3‑D feature film to be preceded by one or more trailers that are also presented in 3‑D. One relatively recent trend among trailers is the incorporation of "bumpers", which are very short fast paced edits placed at

10464-440: The sonic soundscape. Each element should complement each other, with the sub-bass frequencies in particular. The sub-bass frequencies, which include the 808 and the kick, can often clash and cause muddiness when they play at the same time. To avoid the clash, EQ and sidechain compression is often used to carve out distinct spaces for each element, allowing the kick to punch through between the sustained 808 bass. Panning and managing

10573-469: The stereo field are important in creating space in the mix. Typically, instruments such as hi-hats, cymbals, and other various background elements are panned to different parts of the stereo field. The vocals, 808, kick, and snare are left in the center. This arrangement of panning will avoid clashing between the vocals and main drums, while creating width and immersion. Special effects such as reverb, delay, and distortion are at times, used sparingly. Reverb

10682-437: The story of a film in a highly condensed fashion to have maximum appeal. In the decades since film marketing has become a large industry, trailers have become highly polished pieces of advertising, able to present even poor movies in an attractive light. Some of the elements common to many trailers are listed below. Trailers are typically made up of scenes from the film they are promoting, but sometimes contain deleted scenes from

10791-524: The theatrical release. A trailer for the 2002 blockbuster Spider-Man had an entire action sequence especially constructed that involved escaping bank robbers in a helicopter getting caught in a giant web between the World Trade Center 's two towers. However, after the September 11 attacks the studio pulled it from theaters. One of the most famous "special shoot" trailers is that used for

10900-411: The use of a live drummer on a hip-hop recording unnoticeable, however, these musicians should receive credit for their work. The list below names some of the most influential drummers of the hip-hop genre. Other hip hop drummers include the following: Instrumental hip hop is hip hop music without vocals. Hip hop as a general rule consists of two elements: an instrumental track (the "beat") and

11009-612: The use of sampling. Because hip hop production revolves around sampling, a sampler / sequencer combination device such as Akai 's MPC line of grooveboxes usually forms the centerpiece of a hip hop production studio. Although mostly replaced by Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs) by today, classics like the E-mu Systems SP-1200, Akai MPC60, Akai MPC3000 or Ensoniq ASR-10 still see use today due to their workflow and sound characteristics. The most widely used turntables in hip hop are Panasonic 's Technics series. They were

11118-442: The video. When speaking on the record, Cudi said “the ‘Heaven at Nite’ is in the sense of nightlife being heaven; going out and drowning your sorrows and trying to lighten up your spirits. But at the same time, you can see it in somebody's face that their mind is on something completely different.” On May 12, 2008, Cudi released a trailer for the mixtape, which garnered considerable attention on hip hop blog sites. Upon its release

11227-564: The years after the passing of voice-over artist Don LaFontaine . Since the trailer is a highly condensed format, voice-over is a useful tool to enhance the audience's understanding of the plot. Hollywood trailers of the classic film era were renowned for clichés such as "Colossal!", "Stupendous!", etc. Some trailers have used voice over clichés for satirical effect. This can be seen in trailers for films such as Jerry Seinfeld's Comedian and Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny . Music helps set

11336-620: Was a pioneering example of a live hip hop band. Hip hop with live instrumentation regained prominence during the late-1990s and early 2000s with the work of The Goats , The Coup , The Roots , Mello-D and the Rados, Common , DJ Quik , UGK and OutKast , among others. In recent years, The Robert Glasper Experiment has explored live instrumentation with an emphasis on the instrumental and improvisational aspect of hip hop with rappers such as Mos Def , Talib Kweli , Q-Tip , and Common as well as neo-soul singer Bilal Oliver . Throughout history

11445-670: Was in November 1913, when Nils Granlund , the advertising manager for the Marcus Loew theater chain, produced a short promotional film for the musical The Pleasure Seekers , opening at the Winter Garden Theatre on Broadway. As reported in a wire service story carried by the Lincoln, Nebraska Daily Star , the practice which Loew adopted was described as "an entirely new and unique stunt", and that "moving pictures of

11554-418: Was moving more toward instrumentation, and in 2006 The Notorious B.I.G.'s 1994 debut album Ready to Die was temporarily pulled from shelves for a retroactive sample clearance issue. As a result, more major producers and artists have moved further away from sampling and toward live instrumentation, such as Wu-Tang's RZA and Mos Def . There were often questions of originality and authenticity that followed

11663-550: Was much like early songs by Bambaataa and the Furious Five. Kurtis Blow was the first hip hop artist to use a digital sampler , when he used the Fairlight CMI on his 1984 album Ego Trip , specially on the track "AJ Scratch". The E-mu SP-12 came out in 1985, capable of 2.5 seconds of recording time. The E-mu SP-1200 promptly followed (1987) with an expanded recording time of 10 seconds, divided on 4 banks. One of

11772-492: Was the Technics SL-1200 . It was adopted by New York City hip hop DJs such as Grand Wizard Theodore and Afrika Bambaataa in the 1970s. As they experimented with the SL-1200 decks, they developed scratching techniques when they found that the motor would continue to spin at the correct RPM even if the DJ wiggled the record back and forth on the platter. Since then, turntablism spread widely in hip hop culture, and

11881-531: Was the first studio to use its actual studio logo at the beginning of its trailers in the 1940s. Often there will be logos for both the production company and distributor of the film. Many trailers are mixed in Dolby Digital or any other multichannel sound mix. Scenes including sound effects and music that are enhanced by stereophonic sound are therefore the focus point of many modern trailers. Trailers preceding feature films are generally presented in

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