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36-822: The Associated Press Stylebook (generally called the AP Stylebook ), alternatively titled The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law , is a style and usage guide for American English grammar created by American journalists working for or connected with the Associated Press journalism cooperative based in New York City . The Stylebook offers a basic reference to American English grammar, punctuation, and principles of reporting, including many definitions and rules for usage as well as styles for capitalization , abbreviation , spelling , and numerals. The first publicly available edition of

72-473: A co-editor of AP Stylebook 1980 edition, stated that: Howard Angione... at times thought the task he and UPI counterpart Bobby Ray Miller had undertaken resembled the quest of Don Quixote. It was "an impossible dream", Angione said, to find style rules that pleased everyone, especially since even grammarians couldn't agree among themselves. In 1989, Norm Goldstein became the AP Stylebook lead editor,

108-475: A complete reference to American English words and grammar, was released in 1909, under the title: "The Associate Press Rules Regulations and General Orders" . By the early 1950s the publication was formalized into the AP Stylebook and became the leading professional English grammar reference by most member and non-member news bureaus throughout the world. Due to growing demand by non-member journalists and writers working in public-facing corporate communications,

144-564: A digital e-book edition and an online subscription version. Additionally, the AP Stylebook also provides English grammar recommendations through social media, including Twitter , Facebook , Pinterest , and Instagram . From 1977 to 2005, more than two million copies of the AP Stylebook have been sold worldwide, with that number climbing to 2.5 million by 2011. Writers in broadcasting , news, magazine publishing, marketing departments and public relations firms traditionally adopt and apply AP grammar and punctuation styles. The AP Stylebook

180-439: A guide may also enforce the best practice in ethics (such as authorship , research ethics , and disclosure) and compliance ( technical and regulatory ). For translations, a style guide may even be used to enforce consistent grammar, tones, and localization decisions such as units of measure . Style guides may be categorized into three types: comprehensive style for general use; discipline style for specialized use, which

216-617: A job he held until the 2007 edition. After publishing the final edition under his editorship, Goldstein commented on the future of the AP Stylebook ' s section on name references: I think the difference... now is that there is more information available on the Internet, and I'm not sure, and at least our executive editor is not sure, how much of a reference book we ought to be anymore. I think some of our historical background material like on previous hurricanes and earthquakes, that kind of encyclopedic material that's so easily available on

252-1028: A new criminal justice chapter. Style guide A style guide is a set of standards for the writing, formatting , and design of documents . A book-length style guide is often called a style manual or a manual of style ( MoS or MOS ). A short style guide, typically ranging from several to several dozen pages, is often called a style sheet . The standards documented in a style guide are applicable for either general use, or prescribed use in an individual publication, particular organization, or specific field. A style guide establishes standard style requirements to improve communication by ensuring consistency within and across documents. They may require certain best practices in writing style , usage , language composition , visual composition , orthography , and typography by setting standards of usage in areas such as punctuation , capitalization , citing sources , formatting of numbers and dates, table appearance and other areas. For academic and technical documents,

288-666: A reference work", the organization started expanding the book and in 1977 produced a book that was different in a few fundamental regards. Firstly, The structure was changed and entries were organized in alphabetical order so that users could find what they need in a timely manner. Secondly, in 1977 the book was published for the first time by a 3rd party publisher – Lorenz Press . Thirdly, in 1977, United Press International and AP cooperated to produce stylebooks for each organization based on revisions and guidelines jointly agreed to by editors of both UPI Stylebook (Bobby Ray Miller) and AP Stylebook (Howard Angione). In 1982, Eileen Alt Powell,

324-408: A short style sheet that cascades over the larger style guide of an organization such as a publishing company, whose specific content is usually called house style . Most house styles, in turn, cascade over an industry-wide or profession-wide style manual that is even more comprehensive. Examples of industry style guides include: Finally, these reference works cascade over the orthographic norms of

360-430: Is often specific to academic disciplines , medicine , journalism , law , government , business, and other industries; and house or corporate style , created and used by a particular publisher or organization. Style guides vary widely in scope and size. Writers working in large industries or professional sectors may reference a specific style guide, written for usage in specialized documents within their fields. For

396-675: Is organized into sections: From 1909, when the first company-wide stylebook-like guide was released internally under the title: "The Associate Press Rules Regulations and General Orders" , and until 1953, the stylebook was published under different titles including, among others, Instructions for Correspondents of the Associated Press , The Associated Press. Regulations Traffic Department , A Guide for Filing Editors. The Associated Press , A Guide for Foreign Correspondents. The Associated Press , A Guide for Writers. The Associated Press , The AP Copy Book , and AP Writing Handbook . By

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432-457: Is the 2020–2022 AP Stylebook , available spiral-bound directly from AP, and as a perfect-bound paperback sold by Basic Books . Creation of AP Stylebook has been helmed by lead editor Paula Froke since 2016. In early 2023, the stylebook attracted attention for suggesting that " the French " could be an offensive term in a tweet promoting people-first language ; there was considerable mockery of

468-592: The AP Stylebook . The print version is expected to be available, unless otherwise stated, biennially. Due to the rising influence of the Spanish language worldwide, in November 2012 Associated Press added, in addition to American English, its first ever Spanish edition of its stylebook. The Spanish edition is separate from the English edition and has a different website, as well as Twitter and Facebook accounts. Unlike

504-941: The William Allen White Foundation Award for Journalistic Merit, the Overseas Press Club Lifetime Achievement Award, and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism Award and was elected a Distinguished Service Member of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. Boccardi and the AP were awarded the 2001 John Peter and Anna Catherine Zenger award for Freedom of the Press and the Public's Right to Know. Boccardi

540-538: The revision control are determined by the subject. For style manuals in reference-work format, new editions typically appear every 1 to 20 years. For example, the AP Stylebook is revised annually, and the Chicago, APA, and ASA manuals are in their 17th, 7th, and 6th editions, respectively, as of 2023. Many house styles and individual project styles change more frequently, especially for new projects. Louis Boccardi During his tenure as CEO, Boccardi repaired

576-455: The 'journalist bible'. In 2000, the guide was renamed The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law and the paperback edition has been published under this title since then. Some editions, such as the spiral-bound and e-book editions, use the shorter title The Associated Press Stylebook on their covers. The Associated Press organization was first created in 1846. The first company-wide AP "guide" did not cover English grammar. It

612-455: The AP published their first official "stylebook" for the general public in 1953 under the title Associated Press Style Book ; the first publication focused on "where the wire set a specific style". For nearly a quarter century it assumed its reader had a "solid grounding in language and a good reference library" and thus omitted any guidelines in those broader areas. In 1977, prompted by AP Executive News Editor Lou Boccardi 's request for "more of

648-466: The English edition which currently has both online and print versions, the Spanish edition only has an online edition. The Spanish edition does not have an 'edition number' since it only exists as an online service. From 1980 to 1984 the English edition was updated biennially; then from 1985 to 2020, the English edition was updated annually, usually in May, at which time edits and new entries were added to keep

684-501: The Internet now, might be cut back. After Norm Goldstein stepped down as lead editor in 2007, in bibliographical records for all subsequent editions starting from 2008 lead editors' names are usually not explicitly called out and the author is simply referred to as Associated Press or AP Editors . In 2009 and 2011 the Stylebook was released as an app called AP Stylebook Mobile edition for iOS and BlackBerry, respectively, however it

720-564: The United States' The Chicago Manual of Style from the University of Chicago Press . Australia has a style guide, available online, created by its government. The variety in scope and length is enabled by the cascading of one style over another, analogous to how styles cascade in web development and in desktop cascade over CSS styles. In many cases, a project such as a book , journal , or monograph series typically has

756-509: The book was published in 1953. The first modern edition was published in August 1977 by Lorenz Press . Afterwards, various paperback editions were published by different publishers, including, among others, Turtleback Books, Penguin 's Laurel Press, Pearson 's Addison-Wesley , and Hachette 's Perseus Books and Basic Books . Recent editions are released in several formats, including paperback and flat-lying spiral-bound editions, as well as

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792-414: The book was released in 1953. However, all editions prior to 1977 are not included in the editions count and the first modern edition is considered to be the August 1977 edition released for the first time by Lorenz Press . The latest, 2020 version, is the 55th edition and can be used until 2022. The Associated Press has reduced the frequency in print publication due to the popularity of the online version of

828-562: The end of WWII, pressures from a growing number of non-journalistic business sectors, already referencing copied or confiscated copies of the guide for years, greatly increased the stylebook's demand. The first publicly available edition of AP Stylebook was published in 1953 under the title "The Associated Press Style Book" . Since 1953, the stylebook has been published under different titles, including Writing for The AP ; AP Stylebook ; and The Associated Press Stylebook and Libel Manual . Some journalists have referred to The AP Stylebook as

864-907: The language in use (for example, English orthography for English-language publications). This, of course, may be subject to national variety, such as British, American, Canadian, and Australian English . Some style guides focus on specific topic areas such as graphic design , including typography . Website style guides cover a publication's visual and technical aspects as well as text. Guides in specific scientific and technical fields may cover nomenclature to specify names or classifying labels that are clear, standardized, and ontologically sound (e.g., taxonomy , chemical nomenclature , and gene nomenclature ). Style guides that cover usage may suggest descriptive terms for people which avoid racism , sexism , homophobia , etc. Style guides increasingly incorporate accessibility conventions for audience members with visual, mobility, or other disabilities. Since

900-530: The most part, these guides are relevant and useful for peer-to-peer specialist documentation or to help writers working in specific industries or sectors communicate highly technical information in scholarly articles or industry white papers . Professional style guides of different countries can be referenced for authoritative advice on their respective language(s), such as the United Kingdom's New Oxford Style Manual from Oxford University Press ; and

936-492: The news cooperative's sometimes-shaky finances and started the process of moving AP's news report into the Internet age. That process has quickened substantially under his successor, Tom Curley . Born in New York City , Boccardi holds a bachelor's degree from Fordham University and a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University . He joined the AP as executive assistant to the general news editor in 1967 after eight years with New York newspapers, during which he rose to

972-631: The position of assistant managing editor of the New York World-Telegram and Sun and its successor newspaper, the New York World Journal Tribune . He was appointed AP managing editor in 1969, executive editor in 1973 and vice president in 1975. In 1990, Boccardi was elected a fellow of the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ), the highest honor SPJ awards journalists for public service. He has received

1008-577: The rise of the digital age, websites have allowed for an expansion of style guide conventions that account for digital behavior such as screen reading . Screen reading requires web style guides to focus more intently on a user experience subjected to multichannel surfing. Though web style guides can also vary widely, they tend to prioritize similar values concerning brevity, terminology, syntax, tone, structure, typography, graphics, and errors. Most style guides are revised periodically to accommodate changes in conventions and usage. The frequency of updating and

1044-808: The stylebook up to date with technological and cultural changes. As of the middle of 2024, the most recent edition is the 2024-2026 edition (57th edition). In 2005, dozens of new or revised entries were added, including " Sept. 11 ", " e.g. ", " i.e. ", " FedEx " and " Midwest region ". In 2008, about 200 new or revised entries were added, including " iPhone ", " anti-virus ", " outsourcing ", " podcast ", " text messaging ", " social networking ", " high-definition " and " Misplaced Pages ". In 2009, about 60 new or revised entries were added, including " Twitter ", " baba ghanoush " and " texting ". In 2013, about 90 new or revised entries were added, including " Benedictine ", " Grand Marnier ", " madeleine " and " upside-down cake ", " chichi " and " froufrou ". Usage of "illegal immigrant"

1080-534: The suggestion, and the AP subsequently retracted it. The influence of the AP and similar news service styles has reached beyond the news writing community. Many other North American sectors disseminating information to the public began to adopt news styles as early as the late 1800s. Many other sectors now also have developed their own similar style guides and also continue to reference the AP Stylebook for general American grammar, more than any other style guide available. The first publicly available English edition of

1116-738: Was a member of the Pulitzer Prize Board from 1994 to 2003 and Chairman of the Pulitzer Prize Board in 2002. Boccardi was a member of the Gannett Board of Directors from 2003 to 2006. Boccardi is a member of the national advisory board of the Freedom Forum Center for Media Studies, and a trustee emeritus of the Newseum , and the board of visitors of Columbia's Graduate School of Journalism, and

AP Stylebook - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-458: Was added about digital security for journalists. AP stylebook moved to capitalized Black and lowercase white. The 2022–2024 edition includes more than 300 new and revised entries, including a new chapter on "inclusive storytelling", "where possible" usage of " they/them/their " singular pronouns, revised guidance on the use of the term "female", immigration and new entries for " critical race theory ", " anti-vaxxer ". The 2024–2026 edition includes

1188-649: Was created in 2012, after requests from the AP Mexico City bureau and others to develop such a stylebook. The bureau at the time was looking for ways to expand into Latin America while bridging the language barrier. In 2013 the AP Spanish Stylebook came into fruition and is now available to everyone. The Spanish AP stylebook is also referred to as the Manual de Estilo . The most recent print edition

1224-419: Was later discontinued in 2015 in favor of users simply accessing the AP Stylebook online edition through their desktop or mobile browsers. In March 2019 AP created an Archived AP Stylebooks section on its apstylebook.com website where anyone can access previous versions of the AP Stylebook starting from 1900 "brochure on AP corporate structure" and all the way to 1977 edition. The first Spanish AP stylebook

1260-443: Was more of a brochure with 24 pages of various titles and corporate structures of the Associated Press organization and was first published in 1900 under the title "The Associated Press". Although a formal English grammar style guide did not exist across the organization through the 1800s, individual bureaus were known to have maintained similar internal style guides as early as the late 1870s. The first corporate-wide style guide, with

1296-426: Was regulated. In 2018 AP Stylebook included a chapter on polling and surveys. In 2019, about 200 new or revised entries were added, including " budtender ", " deepfake " and " cryptocurrency ". The 2020–2022 edition was released on May 21, 2020. About 90 new or revised technology-related entries were added, including "internet privacy", "digital wallet" / "mobile wallet", "smart devices", and "lidar". A new chapter

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