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61-584: The organization's mission is to promote good application of statistical science, specifically to: As of 2022, the ASA membership exceeds 19,000 professionals found in government, academia, and the private sector. Organizational members and corporate supporters of the ASA include AstraZeneca , Merck & Co. , the National Security Agency , Pfizer , RTI International , Stata Corp and Westat . In November 2018, ASA Board of Directors approved

122-545: A BRCA genetic mutation. A major criterion governing the drugs approval was, on average, its ability to shrink tumours in patients for 7.9 months. In February 2015, the company announced it would acquire the US and Canadian rights to Actavis's branded respiratory drug business for an initial sum of US$ 600 million. Later in the same month the company announced it would partner with Orca Pharmaceuticals to develop retinoic acid -related orphan nuclear receptor gamma inhibitors for use in

183-550: A clinical trial of tremelimumab as a treatment for mesothelioma failed to meet its primary endpoint. As of 2008, David Brennan was paid US$ 1,574,144 for his role as chief executive officer. On 26 April 2012, it was announced that Brennan was to retire in early June of that year. In August 2012, Pascal Soriot was named CEO of AstraZeneca. It was also announced that Leif Johansson would succeed Louis Schweitzer as non-executive chairman on 1 June 2012, three months earlier than previously announced, and would become Chairman of

244-470: A "final offer" from Pfizer of £55 per share, which valued the company at £69.4   billion (US$ 117   billion). The companies had been meeting since January 2014. If the takeover had proceeded, Pfizer would have become the world's biggest drug maker. The transaction would also have been the biggest foreign takeover of a British company. Many in Britain, including politicians and scientists, had opposed

305-474: A Phase I/II trial collaboration with Pharmacyclics and Janssen Biotech investigating combination treatments. Also in November of the same year, the company agreed to sell its lipodystrophy treatment business to Aegerion Pharmaceuticals for more than US$ 325 million. In December, the company received accelerated FDA approval for Olaparib in the treatment of women with advanced ovarian cancer who have

366-517: A code of conduct statement on Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI). It was reviewed and updated by ASA BOD in 2019, 2021, and most recently in 2023. In June 2020, the R. A. Fisher Award and Lectureship was changed to COPSS Distinguished Achievement Award and Lectureship . The change follows discussions about Fisher 's views on race and eugenics. In 2021, ASA established the Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Outreach Group, known as

427-608: A cost of approximately £1 billion. In 2015 AstraZeneca arranged for the establishment of a direct air route between Cambridge and Gothenburg , which began operation on March 2, 2015. The company reserved 20 of the 32 seats on each flight, with the remaining seats available to the public, which was operated SUN-AIR for British Airways . The service connects AstraZeneca’s global headquarters in Cambridge with its research facility in Gothenburg. The service operated four days

488-690: A deal valued at up to $ 1.2 billion. Both the acquisitions were completed in February 2024. In March 2024, AstraZeneca announced it would acquire Amolyt Pharma for $ 1.05 billion in cash. In March 2024, AstraZeneca announced it would acquire Fusion Pharmaceuticals Inc for $ 2 billion in cash. In July 2024, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Nice) blocked the National Health Service (NHS) from providing Enhertu , an innovative treatment for advanced HER2-low breast cancer, due to AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo not offering

549-581: A general audience. Historical publications include: Meetings provide a platform for scholars and practitioners to exchange research, job opportunities and ideas with each other. ASA holds an annual meeting called Joint Statistical Meetings (JSM), a conference on statistical methodologies and applications called Spring Research Conference (SRC), Conference on Statistical Practice (CSP), and sponsors multiple international meetings and special-interest group meetings. AstraZeneca AstraZeneca plc ( / ˌ æ s t r ə ˈ z ɛ n ə k ə / ) ( AZ )

610-623: A low enough price. Nice's decision, the first rejection of a breast cancer treatment in six years, highlighted the financial challenges of funding complex medicines, with Enhertu costing £117,857 per treatment course. Despite approval by the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency, Nice's non-recommendation meant the drug could only be available privately or under separate funding in Scotland. Clinical trials showed Enhertu extended patients' lives by five months compared to chemotherapy, but Nice and

671-808: A major corporate restructuring, including the closure of its research and development activities at Alderley Park in Cheshire and Loughborough in the UK and at Lund in Sweden, investment of $ 500   million in the construction of a new research and development facility in Cambridge and the concentration of R&D in three locations: Cambridge, Gaithersburg, Maryland (location of MedImmune, where it will work on biotech drugs), and Gothenburg in Sweden, for research on traditional chemical drugs. AstraZeneca also announced that it would move its corporate headquarters from London to Cambridge in 2016. That announcement included

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732-677: A metastatic lump or pathological lymph node is found (typically in the neck) for which a primary tumor cannot be found. However, immunohistochemical markers often give a strong indication of the primary malignancy. This situation is referred to as " malignancy of unknown primary ", and again, treatment is empirically based on past experience of the most likely origin. Depending upon the cancer identified, follow-up and palliative care will be administered at that time. Certain disorders (such as ALL or AML ) will require immediate admission and chemotherapy , while others will be followed up with regular physical examination and blood tests . Often, surgery

793-539: A new Cambridge– Gothenburg service by Sun-Air of Scandinavia . In mid-March the company announced it would co-commercialise naloxegol along with Daiichi Sankyo in a deal worth up to US$ 825 million. Towards the end of April the company announced a number of collaborations worth an estimated US$ 1.8 billion; first, to develop and commercialise MEDI4736, with Celgene , for use against non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma , myelodysplastic syndromes, and multiple myeloma with AstraZeneca receiving US$ 450 million. The second of two deals

854-467: A new global health tech business, Evinova, that focused on provide global services to CROs and pharma companies to design, run and monitor clinical trials. In December 2023, AstraZeneca announced that it would acquire an RSV vaccine developer, Icosavax for $ 1.1 billion. Later that month, AstraZeneca agreed to acquire clinical-stage biopharmaceutical developer of cell therapies for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, Gracell Biotechnologies, in

915-665: A spin-off of the Sanofi-Aventis anti-infectives division. Astra acquired the experimental antibiotic NXL-104 (CEF104) (CAZ-AVI) through this acquisition. In 2011, AstraZeneca acquired Guangdong BeiKang Pharmaceutical Company, a Chinese generics business. In February 2012, AstraZeneca and Amgen announced a collaboration on treatments for inflammatory diseases. Then in April 2012, AstraZeneca acquired Ardea Biosciences, another biotechnology company, for $ 1.26 billion. In June 2012, AstraZeneca and Bristol Myers Squibb announced

976-493: A three-year collaboration with Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma on diabetic nephropathy . In September 2014 the company would join forces with Eli Lilly in developing and commercialising its candidate BACE inhibitor – AZD3292 – used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease . The deal could yield up to US$ 500 million for the company. In November 2014 the company's biologics R&D operation, MedImmune, agreed to acquire Definiens for more than US$ 150 million. The company also began

1037-543: A two-stage deal for the joint acquisition of the biotechnology company Amylin Pharmaceuticals . It was agreed that Bristol Myers Squibb would acquire Amylin for $ 5.3 billion in cash and the assumption of $ 1.7 billion in debt, with AstraZeneca then paying $ 3.4 billion in cash to Bristol Myers Squibb, and Amylin being folded into an existing diabetes joint venture between AstraZeneca and Bristol Myers Squibb. In March 2013 AstraZeneca announced plans for

1098-523: A week and was intended to support collaboration between staff in the two locations, allowing same-day travel for meetings. The route ended as a scheduled public service in 2016 due to insufficient demand, but these flights continue for AstraZeneca employees as of 2024. In April 2015, AstraZeneca's drug tremelimumab was approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of mesothelioma in the United States. In February 2016, AstraZeneca announced that

1159-437: Is surgically possible to remove a tumor in its entirety. Currently, a tissue diagnosis (from a biopsy ) by a pathologist is essential for the proper classification of cancer and to guide the next step of treatment. On extremely rare instances when this is not possible, "empirical therapy" (without an exact diagnosis) may be considered, based on the available evidence (e.g. history, x-rays and scans.) On very rare occasions,

1220-543: Is a British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company with its headquarters at the Cambridge Biomedical Campus in Cambridge , England. It has a portfolio of products for major diseases in areas including oncology , cardiovascular , gastrointestinal , infection , neuroscience , respiratory , and inflammation . The company was founded in 1999 through the merger of

1281-446: Is an agreement to study a combination treatment of MEDI4736 and Innate Pharma's Phase II anti-NKG2A antibody IPH2201 for up to US$ 1.275 billion. The company's MedImmune arm also launched collaborative clinical trials with Juno Therapeutics , investigating combination treatments for cancer. The trials will assess combinations of MEDI4736 and one of Juno Therapeutics' CD19 directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell candidates. In late June

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1342-454: Is attempted to remove a tumor entirely. This is only feasible when there is some degree of certainty that the tumor can in fact be removed. When it is certain that parts will remain, curative surgery is often impossible, e.g. when there are metastases , or when the tumor has invaded a structure that cannot be operated upon without risking the patient's life. Occasionally surgery can improve survival even if not all tumour tissue has been removed;

1403-463: Is available online and features first-person statistician stories called My ASA Story. Based on the monthly column in AmStat News, the ASA produces a website called STAT tr@k with new articles every month for early career statisticians and data analysts, recent graduates, or those who are in a statistics program. Quarterly magazine Chance and bimonthly magazine Significance are geared toward

1464-502: Is currently a rapid expansion in the use of monoclonal antibody treatments, notably for lymphoma ( Rituximab ) and breast cancer ( Trastuzumab ). Vaccines and other immunotherapies are the subject of intensive research. Approximately 50% of all cancer cases in the Western world can be treated to remission with radical treatment. For pediatric patients, that number is much higher. A large number of cancer patients will die from

1525-725: Is on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index ; it also has a secondary listing on the Nasdaq Stockholm . It is also listed on the American Nasdaq and is a Nasdaq-100 company. AstraZeneca has one of the highest market capitalisations of pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Astra AB was founded in 1913 in Södertälje , Sweden , by 400 doctors and apothecaries . In 1993

1586-491: The Cambridge Biomedical Campus adjacent to Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge , United Kingdom . This facility, known as the Discovery Centre , was designed by Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron and officially opened by Prince Charles on the 23 November 2021. The building is designed to accommodate over 2,200 scientists across 16 laboratories covering approximately 19,000 square meters. built at

1647-615: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) or the National Cancer Research Network (NCRN). The most valued companies worldwide whose leading products are in Oncology include Pfizer (United States), Roche (Switzerland), Merck (United States), AstraZeneca (United Kingdom), Novartis (Switzerland) and Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States) who are active in

1708-538: The ASA offers the Accredited Professional Statistician status (PStat), to members who meet the ASA's credentialing requirements, which include an advanced degree in statistics or related quantitative field, five years of documented experience, and evidence of professional competence. To apply for continuing accreditation, PStat members are expected to complete 60 hours of professional development activities each year. The ASA also offers

1769-529: The American pharmaceutical business, Moderna . In March 2019, AstraZeneca announced it will pay up to US$ 6.9 billion to work with Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd on an experimental treatment for breast cancer. AstraZeneca plans to use some of the proceeds of a US$ 3.5 billion share issue to fund the deal. The deal on the drug known as trastuzumab deruxtecan sent shares in Japan's Daiichi soaring 16%. In September 2019,

1830-666: The British chemicals company ICI (established from four British chemical companies) demerged its pharmaceuticals businesses and its agrochemicals and specialities businesses, to form Zeneca Group PLC . Finally, in 1999 Astra and Zeneca Group merged to form AstraZeneca plc, with its headquarters in London. In 1999, AstraZeneca identified a new location for the company's US base, the "Fairfax-plus" site in North Wilmington , Delaware. In 2002, its drug Iressa (gefitinib)

1891-557: The Graduate Statistician status (GStat) as of April 2014. It serves as a preparatory accreditation suitable for graduate students. A list of PStat and GStat accredited members is available on the ASA website. The ASA publishes several scientific journals : Online-only journals: Co-Published journals: The ASA co-sponsors the Current Index to Statistics (CIS) The monthly magazine for members Amstat News

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1952-613: The JEDI Outreach Group. New Fellowships of the ASA are granted annually by the ASA Committee on Fellows. Candidates must have been members for the preceding three years but may be nominated by anyone. The maximum number of recipients each year is one-third of one percent of the ASA membership. ASA is organized in Sections, Chapters and Committees. Chapters are arranged geographically, representing 78 areas across

2013-579: The Nomination and Governance Committee after the 2012 Annual General Meeting. Oncology Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of cancer . A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist . The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος ( ónkos ), meaning "tumor", "volume" or "mass". Oncology is concerned with: Medical histories remain an important screening tool:

2074-466: The Pennsylvania Bio commerce organisation. In 2006, following a collaborative relationship begun in 2004, AstraZeneca acquired Cambridge Antibody Technology for £702 million. In February 2007, AstraZeneca agreed to buy Arrow Therapeutics, a company focused on the discovery and development of anti-viral therapies, for US$ 150   million. AstraZeneca's pipeline, and "patent cliff", was

2135-853: The Swedish Astra AB and the British Zeneca Group (itself formed by the demerger of the pharmaceutical operations of Imperial Chemical Industries in 1993). Since the merger it has been among the world's largest pharmaceutical companies and has made numerous corporate acquisitions, including Cambridge Antibody Technology (in 2006), MedImmune (in 2007), Spirogen (in 2013) and Definiens (by MedImmune in 2014). It has its research and development concentrated in three strategic centres: Cambridge, England; Gothenburg , Sweden and Gaithersburg in Maryland , U.S. AstraZeneca traces its earliest corporate history to 1913, when Astra AB

2196-611: The US and Canada . An example of an early and large chapter is the SoCalASA. Sections are subject-area and industry-area interest groups covering 22 sub-disciplines. ASA has more than 60 committees coordinating meetings, publications, education, careers, and special-interest topics involving statisticians. ASA is a member society of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences. As of April 2010,

2257-615: The United Kingdom approved the emergency use of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine . In July 2021, AstraZeneca acquired Alexion Pharmaceuticals . In October 2021, the company, through Alexion, acquired Caelum Biosciences and its monoclonal treatment (CAEL-101) for light chain (AL) amyloidosis for up to $ 500 million. In July, the company announced it would acquire TeneoTwo for up to $ 1.3 billion, increasing its blood cancer drug offering. In October 2022 it

2318-409: The United Kingdom. However, it had slowed decision making for new investment projects waiting for a post-Brexit regulatory regime to settle down. In September 2017, the company's chairman Leif Johansson planned in taking the "first steps" in moving its research and manufacturing operations away from the United Kingdom, if there is a hard Brexit. In 2017, it was the eleventh largest drug company in

2379-439: The announcement that it would cut 1,600 jobs; three days later it announced it would cut an additional 2,300 jobs. It also announced that it would focus on three therapeutic areas: Respiratory Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease, and Oncology. In October 2013, AstraZeneca announced it would acquire biotech oncology company Spirogen for around US$ 440 million. On 19 May 2014 AstraZeneca rejected

2440-482: The character of the complaints and nonspecific symptoms (such as fatigue , weight loss , unexplained anemia , fever of unknown origin , paraneoplastic phenomena and other signs) may warrant further investigation for malignancy. Occasionally, a physical examination may find the location of a malignancy . Diagnostic methods include: Apart from diagnoses, these modalities (especially imaging by CT scanning ) are often used to determine operability , i.e. whether it

2501-681: The companies could not agree on a new price. The following is an illustration of the company's major mergers and acquisitions and historical predecessors: AstraZeneca develops, manufactures and sells pharmaceutical and biotechnology products to treat disorders in the oncology , cardiovascular , gastrointestinal , infection , neuroscience , respiratory and inflammation areas. AstraZeneca has its corporate headquarters in Cambridge, United Kingdom, and its main research and development (R&D) centres are in Cambridge (UK), Gaithersburg (Maryland, US), Gothenburg (Sweden) and Warsaw (Poland). AstraZeneca's global headquarters are located in

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2562-622: The company announced it had acquired the global rights to develop and commercialise Heptares Therapeutics' drug candidate HTL-1071, which focuses on blocking the adenosine A2A receptor, in a deal worth up to US$ 510 million. In the same month the company's MedImmune subsidiary acquired exclusive rights to Inovio Pharmaceuticals' INO-3112 immunotherapy, currently in Phase I/II, under an agreement which could net more than US$ 727.5 million for Inovio. INO-3112 targets Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. In September, Valeant licensed Brodalumab from

2623-559: The company announced it has entered into a partnership agreement with Eolas Therapeutics on the Eolas Orexin-1 Receptor Antagonist (EORA) program for smoking cessation and other treatments. In July the company announced it would sell off its rights to Entocort ( budesonide ) to Tillotts Pharma for US$ 215 million. In July 2015, Genzyme announced it would acquire the rare cancer drug Caprelsa ( vandetanib ) from AstraZeneca for up to US$ 300 million. In August,

2684-526: The company announced that it would cease drug production at its German headquarters in Wedel , leading to the loss of 175 jobs by the end of 2021. In October 2019, AstraZeneca announced it would sell the global commercial rights for its drug to treat acid reflux to German pharmaceutical company Cheplapharm Arzneimittel GmbH for as much as US$ 276 million. In February 2020, AstraZeneca agreed to sublicense its global rights (except Europe, Canada and Israel) to

2745-458: The company for up to US$ 445 million. On 6 November it was reported that AstraZeneca had acquired ZS Pharma for US$ 2.7 billion. In December the company announced its intention to acquire the respiratory portfolio of Takeda Pharmaceutical – namely Alvesco and Omnaris – for US$ 575 million A day later, the company announced it had taken a 55% majority stake in Acerta for US$ 4 billion. As part of

2806-470: The deal. In July 2014 the company entered into a deal with Almirall to acquire its subsidiary Almirall Sofotec and its lung treatments including the COPD drug, Eklira. The US$ 2.1 billion deal included an allocation of US$ 1.2 billion for development in the respiratory franchise, one of AstraZeneca's three target therapeutic areas announced the year before. In August 2014 the company announced it had entered into

2867-517: The development of DS-1062, an antibody drug conjugate. The deal could potentially be worth up to US$ 6 billion for Daiichi. In September 2020, AstraZeneca acquired the preclinical oral PCSK9 inhibitor program from Dogma Therapeutics. On 27 December 2020, AstraZeneca CEO Pascal Soriot said that they have “figured out the winning formula” with their two-dose system with the Oxford University ’s COVID-19 vaccine . On 30 December 2020,

2928-490: The disease, and a significant proportion of patients with incurable cancer will die of other causes. There may be ongoing issues with symptom control associated with progressive cancer, and also with the treatment of the disease. These problems may include pain , nausea , anorexia , fatigue , immobility, and depression . Not all issues are strictly physical: personal dignity may be affected. Moral and spiritual issues are also important. While many of these problems fall within

2989-437: The drug Movantik , to Redhill Biopharma. In June 2020, AstraZeneca made a preliminary approach to Gilead Sciences about a potential merger, worth almost US$ 240 billion. However, these plans were subsequently dropped because it would have distracted the company from its own pipeline and ongoing COVID-19 vaccine efforts. In July 2020, the business entered into its second collaboration with Daiichi Sankyo , centred around

3050-425: The macroscopic tumor has already been completely removed surgically but there is a reasonable statistical risk that it will recur. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are commonly used for palliation, where disease is clearly incurable: in this situation the aim is to improve the quality of life and to prolong it. Hormone manipulation is well established, particularly in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. There

3111-662: The patient's personality, religion, culture, and family life. Though these issues are complex and emotional, the answers are often achieved by the patient seeking counsel from trusted personal friends and advisors. It requires a degree of sensitivity and very good communication on the part of the oncology team to address these problems properly. There is a tremendous amount of research being conducted on all frontiers of oncology, ranging from cancer cell biology, and radiation therapy to chemotherapy treatment regimens and optimal palliative care and pain relief . Next-generation sequencing and whole-genome sequencing have completely changed

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3172-481: The procedure is referred to as "debulking" (i.e. reducing the overall amount of tumour tissue). Surgery is also used for the palliative treatment of some cancers, e.g. to relieve biliary obstruction, or to relieve the problems associated with some cerebral tumors. The risks of surgery must be weighed against the benefits. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used as a first-line radical therapy in several malignancies. They are also used for adjuvant therapy, i.e. when

3233-517: The remit of the oncologist, palliative care has matured into a separate, closely allied specialty to address the problems associated with advanced disease. Palliative care is an essential part of the multidisciplinary cancer care team. Palliative care services may be less hospital-based than oncology, with nurses and doctors who are able to visit the patient at home. There are a number of recurring ethical questions and dilemmas in oncological practice. These include: These issues are closely related to

3294-494: The subject of much speculation in April 2007 leading to pipeline-boosting collaboration and acquisition activities. A few days later AstraZeneca acquired US company MedImmune for about US$ 15.2 billion to gain flu vaccines and an anti-viral treatment for infants; AstraZeneca subsequently consolidated all of its biologics operations into a dedicated biologics division called MedImmune. In 2010, AstraZeneca acquired Novexel Corp, an antibiotics discovery company formed in 2004 as

3355-595: The transaction the company will gain commercial rights to Acerta's irreversible oral Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, acalabrutinib (ACP-196), which is currently in Phase III development for B-cell blood cancers and in Phase I or II clinical trials in solid tumours. In 2015, it was the eighth-largest drug company in the world based on sales revenue. In July 2017, the company's CEO Pascal Soriot said that Brexit would not affect its commitment to its current plans in

3416-476: The treatment of a number of autoimmune diseases, which could generate up to US$ 122.5 million for Orca. The company also announced its plan to spend US$ 40 million creating a new subsidiary focused on small molecule anti-infectives – primarily in the research of the gyrase inhibitor, AZD0914 , which is currently in Phase II for the treatment of gonorrhea . The company underwrote twenty out of thirty-two seats of

3477-406: The understanding of cancers. Identification of novel genetic/molecular markers will change the methods of diagnosis and treatment, paving the way for personalized medicine. Therapeutic trials often involve patients from many different hospitals in a particular region. In the UK, patients are often enrolled in large studies coordinated by Cancer Research UK (CRUK), Medical Research Council (MRC),

3538-459: The world based on sales and ranked seventh based on R&D investment. In January EVP Pam Cheng stated that AstraZeneca has ignited startup of duplicate QA testing facility in Sweden and has initiated hiring in Sweden. In February 2018, AstraZeneca announced it was spinning off six early-stage experimental drugs into a new biotechnology company, known as Viela Bio, valued at US$ 250 million. On 6 December 2018, AstraZeneca purchased nearly 8% of

3599-460: Was announced that the company would acquire LogicBio Therapeutics, which was active in clinical-stage genomic medicine . In November 2022, it was announced AstraZeneca had acquired the Amsterdam -headquartered clinical-stage biotechnology company, Neogene Therapeutics. In January, AstraZeneca announced it would acquire CinCor Pharma for $ 1.8 billion. In November 2023, AstraZeneca launched

3660-408: Was approved in Japan as monotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer . On 3 January 2004 Dr Robert Nolan, a former director of AstraZeneca, formed the management team of ZI Medical. In 2005, the company acquired KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, a UK biotech company, for £120 million. and entered into an anti-cancer collaboration agreement with Astex It also announced that it had become a Diamond Member of

3721-460: Was formed by a large group of doctors and apothecaries in Södertälje. Throughout the twentieth century, it grew into the largest pharmaceutical company in Sweden. Its British counterpart, Zeneca PLC was formed in 1993 when ICI divested its pharmaceuticals businesses; Astra AB and Zeneca PLC merged six years later, with the chosen headquarters in the United Kingdom. AstraZeneca's primary listing

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