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51-545: The APQHA was formed in 1961 in Abilene, Texas , mainly to register cropout horses from the matings of registered Quarter Horses. They also allowed the registering of non-cropouts ("solids") who had Quarter Horse conformation and bloodlines. The APSHA was formed in February 1962. The APSHA registration rules differed from APQHA in that they excluded gaited horses and mandated that horses that were mainly dark colored must have

102-577: A gene complex or a recessive gene ; thus two solid-colored horses could produce a spotted foal if both were carriers. It is also known now that lethal white behaves like a recessive, and even two solid-colored horses can carry the LWS gene. Since the advent of DNA parentage testing and a test for LWS has also been developed, the AQHA has repealed its "white rule" and there are now Paint horses of verifiable Quarter Horse bloodlines that are cross-registered with both

153-448: A bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 16.5% of the population. 23.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 13.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 98.3 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that

204-408: A household in the county was $ 34,035, and for a family was $ 40,859. Males had a median income of $ 28,964 versus $ 21,021 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 17,176. About 10.40% of families and 14.50% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.60% of those under age 18 and 9.20% of those age 65 or over. Taylor County is part of the 71st district for elections to

255-700: A minimum of three white spots three inches wide on their body, and that mostly white horses must have a dark spot at least six inches wide on their body. Both registries agreed to merge in 1965, although the APHA calls the APSHA its forerunner. The need for these registries arose because, in the days prior to DNA parentage testing, the American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) would not register horses with excessive white markings, sometimes called " cropouts ", thinking that such markings were

306-662: A mix of the local college and university campuses, the agriculture community of the surrounding area, and a growing nightlife scene in the downtown area. Abilene is also home to the restored Paramount Theatre , the Abilene Philharmonic Orchestra, the Grace Museum , the Center for Contemporary Arts, the National Center for Children's Illustrated Literature , The Abilene Zoo , Frontier Texas!,

357-502: A multimedia museum highlighting the history of the area from 1780 to 1880, was constructed. That year an $ 8 million, 38-acre (150,000 m ) Cisco Junior College campus was built at Loop 322 and Industrial Boulevard. Simultaneously, subdivisions and businesses started locating along the freeway, on the same side as the CC campus. This area attracted Abilene growth on the Loop. Abilene has become

408-465: A rounded bypass loop along the northern side of the city, between exits 279 on its western edge and 292 on the east. The city is located 150 miles (240 km) west of Fort Worth . Multiple freeways form a loop surrounding the city's core: I-20 on the north, US 83/84/277 on the west, and Loop 322 to the east. The former Texas and Pacific Railway , now part of the Union Pacific mainline, divides

459-618: A second high school was added to the city's school system, Cooper High School . In 1966, the Abilene Zoo was established near Abilene Regional Airport . The following year, one of the most important bond elections in the city's history passed for the funding of the construction of the Abilene Civic Center and the Taylor County Coliseum, as well as major improvements to Abilene Regional Airport. In 1969,

510-434: A sign of non- purebred breeding and was maintained for several decades because it was also feared that excess white increased the risk of horses producing a foal with lethal white syndrome (LWS). This policy was known as the "white rule." (The AQHA also would not register Appaloosa , cremello or perlino horses for similar reasons.) This policy arose in part from long observation of the tobiano spotting pattern, which

561-723: Is a dominant gene , and was known to not occur unless one parent is tobiano, a color not recognized in the foundation breeds, such as the Thoroughbred , that were the predecessors of the American Quarter Horse . What was not understood then is that the overo pattern, found in the Spanish mustang ancestors of the Quarter horse, and sabino pattern, which exists in the Arabian and Thoroughbred , occur as either

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612-630: Is home to six colleges, three of which are religiously affiliated. Hardin–Simmons University is the oldest, founded in 1891. Abilene Christian University is the largest with 2012 undergraduate enrollment at 4,371. The Texas Legislature designated Taylor County as being in the Cisco Junior College District, while it designated Jones County as being in the Western Texas College District . Hendrick Medical Center includes two large hospital campuses on

663-697: Is in the Abilene Independent School District (AISD), while portions extend into Wylie Independent School District (WISD), Eula Independent School District and Merkel Independent School District . Within Jones County, most of Abilene is in AISD, while portions extend into Clyde Consolidated Independent School District and Hawley Independent School District . High schools include Abilene High School and Cooper High School of AISD, and Wylie High School of WISD. Abilene

714-547: Is named for Alamo defenders Edward, James, and George Taylor. The Butterfield Overland Mail established the Mountain Pass Station at Merkel; it was in continual use until 1861. By 1872, the first cattlemen had ventured into present Taylor County. Six years later, Taylor County was organized. Buffalo Gap was named county seat. In 1880, the Texas & Pacific Railroad signed an agreement to run tracks through

765-460: Is not always included in the APHA hosted shows. They also have a trail program which records and rewards Paint horses and their owners for time spent in saddle pleasure riding or trail riding . Abilene, Texas Abilene ( / ˈ æ b ɪ l iː n / AB -i-leen ) is a city in Taylor and Jones counties, Texas , United States. Its population was 125,182 at the 2020 census . It

816-458: Is served by Abilene Regional Airport . Taylor County, Texas Taylor County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas . As of the 2020 census , its population was 143,208. Its county seat is Abilene . The county was created in 1858 and later organized in 1878. It is named for Edward Taylor , George Taylor , and James Taylor , three brothers who died at the Battle of

867-411: Is the principal city of the Abilene metropolitan statistical area , which had a population of 176,579 as of 2020. Abilene is home to three Christian universities: Abilene Christian University , McMurry University , and Hardin–Simmons University . It is the county seat of Taylor County. Dyess Air Force Base is located on the west side of the city. Abilene is located on Interstate 20 . I-20 forms

918-508: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 919 sq mi (2,380 km ), of which 916 sq mi (2,370 km ) are land and 3.8 sq mi (9.8 km ) (0.4%) are covered by water. As of the census of 2000, 126,555 people, 47,274 households, and 32,524 families resided in the county. The population density was 138 people per square mile (53 people/km ). The 52,056 housing units averaged 57 units per square mile (22 units/km ). The racial makeup of

969-499: The United States Census Bureau , Abilene has a total area of 112.2 sq mi (290.6 km ), of which 106.8 sq mi (276.6 km ) are land and 5.4 sq mi (14.0 km ) are covered by water (4.82%). The water area is mainly from three reservoirs in the city: Lytle Lake , southeast of downtown on the western edge of Abilene Regional Airport , Kirby Lake on the southeastern corner of

1020-574: The 12th Armored Division Museum, the Taylor County Expo Center, the Abilene Convention Center, six libraries (three private, three public), 26 public parks, six television stations, a daily newspaper, and several radio stations, including one NPR station (89.5 KACU). The Abilene Reporter-News is the primary daily newspaper of the city of Abilene and the surrounding Big Country area. The city of Abilene

1071-416: The 2000 census, the median income for a household in the city was $ 33,007, and for a family was $ 40,028. Males had a median income of $ 28,078 versus $ 20,918 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,577. About 10.9% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. At the 2020 American Community Survey ,

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1122-628: The APHA and the AQHA. The APHA currently registers horses that exhibit the overo (which, under APHA categories, includes sabino ), tobiano , and tovero spotting patterns, as well as solid colored horses with Paint bloodlines. It also keeps track of each horse's performance and progeny record. It allows registration of Paint to Paint breedings, as well as Paint to Quarter Horse and Paint to Thoroughbred . They allow live cover , artificial insemination , shipped cooled semen, frozen semen and embryo transfers . The APHA sanctions horse shows and holds an annual Youth World Championship Paint Horse Show in

1173-520: The Alamo . Taylor County is included in the Abilene , TX metropolitan statistical area , and is considered part of West Texas . Among first inhabitants of the area were the Penteka . In 1849, Capt. Randolph Marcy , a U. S. Army engineer, passed through, scouting out West Texas-to-California routes. The Texas legislature established Taylor County in 1858 from Bexar and Travis Counties. The county

1224-686: The Sweetwater Baptist Association. Lytle Lake was created in 1897. The State Epileptic Colony opened in Abilene in 1904. In 1906, Abilene Christian University opened its doors as Childers Classical Institute. In the 1920s, Hendricks Medical Center opened in Abilene as West Texas Baptist Sanitarium (1924) and the West Texas Historical Association was chartered in Abilene. The first senior class of McMurry University graduated (1926). Oil

1275-712: The US 83/84 and Loop 322 interchange, and Lake Fort Phantom Hill in Jones County in northern Abilene. Clear Creek runs through the city just east of downtown, flowing north to Elm Creek and ultimately part of the Brazos River watershed. The fastest-growing sections of the city are in the southwest, along Southwest Drive, the Winters Freeway, and the Buffalo Gap Road corridor; the southeast, along Loop 322, Oldham Lane, Industrial Drive, and Maple Street; and in

1326-641: The Woodson elementary and high school for black students closed as the city integrated its school system, more than 10 years after the US Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional. In 1982, Abilene became the first city in Texas to create a downtown reinvestment zone. Texas State Technical College opened an Abilene branch three years later. The 2,250-bed French Robertson Prison Unit

1377-401: The age of 18 and 9.5% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2000, 115,930 people, 41,570 households, and 28,101 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,102.7 inhabitants per square mile (425.8/km ). The 45,618 housing units averaged 433.9 units per square mile (167.5 units/km ). As of the 2010 census, Abilene had a population of 117,063. In 2020, its population

1428-601: The area, and in 1890 renamed itself as the Board of Trade. By 1900, 3,411 people lived in Abilene. In that decade, the Board of Trade changed its name to the 25,000 Club, in the hope of reaching a population of 25,000 by the next census. By 1910, though, the population had increased only to 9,204. Another group was formed, the Young Men's Booster Club, which became the Abilene Chamber of Commerce in 1914. The cornerstone

1479-552: The city into well-established north and south zones. The historic downtown area is on the north side of the railroad, while the growing South Of Downtown Abilene "SODA" district is located on the south side of the tracks. Established by cattlemen as a stock shipping point on the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881, the city was named after Abilene, Kansas , the original endpoint for the Chisholm Trail . The T&P had bypassed

1530-998: The city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Abilene's top employers are: The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Abilene District Parole Office in the city. The Robertson Unit prison and the Middleton Unit transfer unit are in Abilene and in Jones County . The United States Postal Service operates the Abilene Post Office and the Abilene Southern Hills Post Office. On June 17, 2017, Abilene elected its first African-American mayor, Anthony Williams. As of 2020 , within Taylor County, most of Abilene

1581-493: The city. US 83 runs west of the city center, leading north 24 miles (39 km) to Anson and south 55 miles (89 km) to Ballinger . US 84 runs with US 83 through the southwestern part of the city but leads southeast 52 miles (84 km) to Coleman and west with I-20 40 miles (64 km) to Sweetwater . US 277 follows US 83 around the northwestern side of the city and north to Anson, but heads southwest from Abilene 89 miles (143 km) to San Angelo . According to

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1632-634: The commercial, retail, medical, and transportation hub of a 19-county area more commonly known as "The Big Country", but also known as the "Texas Midwest". It is part of the Central Great Plains ecoregion. By the end of 2005, commercial and residential development had reached record levels in and around the city. Abilene is located in northeastern Taylor County. The city limits extend north into Jones County. Interstate 20 leads east 149 miles (240 km) to Fort Worth and west 148 miles (238 km) to Midland . Three U.S. highways pass through

1683-563: The county was 80.61% White, 6.73% Black or African American, 0.58% Native American, 1.25% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 8.35% from other races, and 2.42% from two or more races. About 17.64% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 47,274 households, 34.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.80% were married couples living together, 11.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.20% were not families. About 25.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.70% had someone living alone who

1734-625: The early summer, and an annual Open and Amateur World Championship Paint Horse Show every November. They also offer racing and added money to Paint horses competing in open shows held by the National Snaffle Bit Association and the National Reining Horse Association . The APHA also has programs such as PAC which is an open show program, in which Paint Horses are rewarded for their performance in other events such as show jumping which

1785-443: The early-1950s, to advocate for an Air Force base, residents raised US$ 893,261 (equivalent to about $ 10,485,510 in 2023) to purchase 3,400 acres (14 km ) of land. The Southern block of Congressmen gained approval for such a base here. For decades, Dyess Air Force Base has been the city's largest employer, with 6076 employees in 2007. From 1950 to 1960, Abilene's population nearly doubled, from 45,570 to 90,638. In 1960,

1836-475: The end of the first day, 139 lots were sold for a total of $ 23,810, and another 178 lots were sold the next day for $ 27,550. Abilene was incorporated soon after being founded in 1881, and residents began to set their sights on bringing the county seat to Abilene. In a three-to-one vote, they won the county election to do so. In 1888, the Progressive Committee was formed to attract businesses to

1887-403: The future city of Abilene . Abilene was established in 1882, and named after Abilene, Kansas . Abilene became the county seat in 1883. A wagon train of 10 Baptist families arrived in the county that year. The Abilene Board of Trade was organized in 1890, when 587 farms and ranches were in the county. The next year, Hardin-Simmons University was established as Abilene Baptist College by

1938-462: The latter institution are located in the city. In 1940, Abilene raised the money to purchase land to attract establishment of a U.S. Army base, southwest of town. It was named Camp Barkeley . When fully operational, it was twice the size of Abilene, with 60,000 men. When the base closed after World War II, many worried that Abilene could become a ghost town , but as the national economy boomed, many veterans returned to start businesses in Abilene. In

1989-483: The median household income in the city was $ 52,518. The mean household income was $ 70,807. The economy in Abilene was originally based on the livestock and agricultural sectors, but is now based strongly on government, education, healthcare, and manufacturing. The petroleum industry is prevalent in the surrounding area, also. The city has established incentives to bring new businesses to the area, including job training grants, relocation grants, and more. According to

2040-419: The median household income was $ 52,518 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 2,091) and the median family income was $ 67,079 (+/- $ 3,258). Males had a median income of $ 32,038 (+/- $ 1,216) versus $ 22,765 (+/- $ 1,577) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 27,110 (+/- $ 739). Approximately, 9.9% of families and 15.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.8% of those under

2091-488: The north and south sides of Abilene, and is one of the city's largest employers. It is one of seven healthcare institutions affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas . The Presbyterian Medical Care Mission was founded in 1983 as a medical and dental clinic. Its services are focused to low-income individuals and families without insurance. The cultural aspects of Abilene revolve around

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2142-592: The northeast near the intersection of SH 351 and I-20. Many developments have begun in these three areas within the last few years with a citywide focus on the reinvigoration of downtown Abilene. According to the Köppen climate classification , Abilene lies at the edge of a humid subtropical climate , with areas to the west being semiarid . Notable and historical buildings in Abilene include: The 2020 United States census counted 125,182 people, 46,134 households, and 29,111 families in Abilene. The population density

2193-415: The town of Buffalo Gap , the county seat at the time. Eventually, a landowner north of Buffalo Gap, Clabe Merchant, known as the father of Abilene, chose the name for the new town. According to a Dallas newspaper, about 800 people had already begun camping at the townsite before the lots were sold. The town was laid out by Colonel J. Stoddard Johnson, and the auction of lots began early on March 15, 1881. By

2244-543: Was 1,173.6 per square mile (453.1/km ). There were 51,508 housing units at an average density of 482.9 units per square mile (186.4 units/km ). The racial makeup was 64.95% (81,300) white or European American (56.23% non-Hispanic white ), 10.39% (13,012) black or African-American , 0.89% (1,114) Native American or Alaska Native , 2.22% (2,785) Asian , 0.14% (170) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 9.26% (11,590) from other races , and 12.15% (15,211) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race

2295-404: Was 125,182 people, 46,134 households, and 29,111 families residing in the city. In 2000, the racial makeup of the city was 78.07% white, 8.81% African American, 0.55% Native American, 1.33% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 8.73% from other races, and 2.44% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 19.45% of the population. The racial and ethnic makeup of the population in 2010

2346-431: Was 26.87% (33,634) of the population. Of the 46,134 households, 31.1% had children under the age of 18; 43.6% were married couples living together; 29.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 29.8% of households consisted of individuals and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.1. The percent of those with

2397-477: Was 62.4% non-Hispanic White, 9.6% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% non-Hispanic reporting some other race, 3.3% of two or more races, and 24.5% Hispanic or Latino. By 2020, its racial and ethnic composition was 56.23% non-Hispanic white, 9.78% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 2.14% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 0.31% some other race, 4.16% multiracial, and 26.87% Hispanic or Latino of any race. At

2448-427: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.07. In the county, the age distribution was as 26.60% under 18, 13.80% from 18 to 24, 27.80% from 25 to 44, 19.30% from 45 to 64, and 12.40% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.10 males. The median income for

2499-425: Was built in 1989. A half-cent sales tax earmarked for economic development was created after the decline in the petroleum business in the 1980s. A branch of Cisco College was located in the city in 1990. Several major projects of restoration and new construction: The Grace Museum and Paramount Theatre , and development of Artwalk in 1992, sparked a decade of downtown revitalization. In 2004, Frontier Texas! ,

2550-563: Was discovered in the county a few years later (1929). In 1933, Abilene donated land for use by the Civilian Conservation Corps . Dyess Air Force Base was established as Abilene AFB in 1942; it is named in honor of Texas native and Bataan Death March survivor Lieutenant Colonel William Dyess . The Abilene Philharmonic Orchestra was created, with Jay Dietzer as the first conductor, in 1950. The Buffalo Gap Historic Village opened in 1956. According to

2601-489: Was laid in 1891 for Simmons College, the first of three universities in Abilene. It later developed as Hardin–Simmons University . Childers Classical Institute was founded in 1906, and developed as Abilene Christian University , the largest of the three. In 1923, McMurry College was founded; it later expanded its offerings as McMurry University . In the late 20th century, Abilene succeeded in gaining branches of Texas State Technical College and Cisco College. Headquarters of

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