51-448: An animator is an artist who creates images, known as frames, which give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence. Animators can work in a variety of fields including film, television, and video games. Animation is closely related to filmmaking and like filmmaking is extremely labor-intensive, which means that most significant works require the collaboration of several animators. The methods of creating
102-504: A cameraman's movements). As a result, some studios now hire nearly as many lighting artists as animators for animated films, while costume designers, hairstylists, choreographers, and cinematographers have occasionally been called upon as consultants to computer-animated projects. Artist An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art , practicing the arts , or demonstrating an art. The most common usage (in both everyday speech and academic discourse) refers to
153-470: A character as a 2D drawing or painting, then hand it off to modelers who build the character as a collection of digital polygons. Texture artists "paint" the character with colorful or complex textures, and technical directors set up rigging so that the character can be easily moved and posed. For each scene, layout artists set up virtual cameras and rough blocking . Finally, when a character's bugs have been worked out and its scenes have been blocked, it
204-609: A connotation of beauty. During the Middle Ages the word artist already existed in some countries such as Italy, but the meaning was something resembling craftsman , while the word artisan was still unknown. An artist was someone able to do a work better than others, so the skilled excellency was underlined, rather than the activity field. In this period, some "artisanal" products (such as textiles ) were much more precious and expensive than paintings or sculptures. The first division into major and minor arts dates back at least to
255-461: A different field of human creation: No muse was identified with the visual arts of painting and sculpture . In ancient Greece, sculptors and painters were held in low regard, the work often performed by slaves and mostly regarded as mere manual labour. The word art derives from the Latin " ars " (stem art- ), which, although literally defined means "skill method" or "technique", also conveys
306-471: A given scene was hand-drawn, then transposed onto celluloid, where it would be traced and painted. These finished "cels" were then placed together in sequence over painted backgrounds and filmed, one frame at a time. Animation methods have become far more varied in recent years. Today's cartoons could be created using any number of methods, mostly using computers to make the animation process cheaper and faster. These more efficient animation procedures have made
357-552: A new biological era for the human species. Anxiety and depression rates have risen in the United States and many other parts of the world. However, suicide rates have fallen in Europe and most of the rest of the world so far this century, declining 29% globally between 2000 and 2018, despite rising 18% in the United States in the same period. The decline in suicide has been most notable among Chinese and Indian women,
408-520: A pottery manufacturer will employ craft artists, and book publishers will hire illustrators. In the US, fine artists have a median income of approximately US$ 50,000 per year, and craft artists have a median income of approximately US$ 33,000 per year. This compares to US$ 61,000 for all art-related fields, including related jobs such as graphic designers , multimedia artists , animators , and fashion designers . Many artists work part-time as artists and hold
459-523: A practitioner in the visual arts only. However, the term is also often used in the entertainment business , especially in a business context, for musicians and other performers (although less often for actors). Artiste (French) is a variant used in English in this context, but this use has become rare. The use of the term "artist" to describe writers is valid, but less common, and mostly restricted to contexts such as critics' reviews; " author "
510-557: A robotic spacecraft on the far side of the Moon , the first to do so. On 23 August 2023, with the Chandrayaan-3 Mission , India became the first country to touch down near the lunar south pole . War and violence have declined considerably compared to the 20th century, continuing the post-World War II trend called Long Peace . However, since the beginning of the 2020s, geopolitical tensions and wars have been rising across
561-591: A second job. 21st century The 21st century is the current century in the Anno Domini or Common Era , in accordance with the Gregorian calendar . It began on 1 January 2001 and will end on 31 December 2100 . It is the first century of the 3rd millennium . The rise of a global economy and Third World consumerism marked the beginning of the century, along with increased private enterprise and deepening concern over terrorism after
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#1732790678894612-601: A serious concern; UN Chief António Guterres , for instance, has described it as an " existential threat " to humanity. Furthermore, the Holocene extinction event, the sixth most significant extinction event in the Earth's history, continues with the widespread degradation of highly biodiverse habitats as a by-product of human activity. Economically and politically, the United States and Western Europe were dominant at
663-405: A team of story artists, and synchronizing lip or mouth movements to dialogue already prepared by a screenwriter and recorded by vocal talent. Despite those constraints, the animator is still capable of exercising significant artistic skill and discretion in developing the character's movements to accomplish the objective of each scene. There is an obvious analogy here between the art of animation and
714-625: Is between character animators (artists who specialize in character movement, dialogue , acting , etc.) and special effects animators (who animate anything that is not a character; most commonly vehicles , machinery , and natural phenomena such as rain, snow, and water). Stop motion animators do not draw their images, instead they move models or cut-outs frame-by-frame, famous animators of this genre being Ray Harryhausen and Nick Park . In large-scale productions by major studios, each animator usually has one or more assistants, " inbetweeners " and " clean-up artists", who make drawings between
765-880: Is complete and has been perfected through the " sweat box " feedback process, the resulting data can be dispatched to a render farm , where computers handle the tedious task of actually rendering all the frames. Each finished film clip is then checked for quality and rushed to a film editor, who assembles the clips together to create the film. While early computer animation was heavily criticized for rendering human characters that looked plastic or even worse, eerie (see uncanny valley ), contemporary software can now render strikingly realistic clothing, hair, and skin. The solid shading of traditional animation has been replaced by very sophisticated virtual lighting in computer animation, and computer animation can take advantage of many camera techniques used in live-action filmmaking (i.e., simulating real-world "camera shake" through motion capture of
816-405: Is generally used instead. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the older, broader meanings of the word "artist": The Greek word techně , often translated as "art", implies mastery of any sort of craft. The adjectival Latin form of the word, technicus , became the source of the English words technique , technology, and technical . In Greek culture, each of the nine Muses oversaw
867-427: Is handed off to an animator (that is, a person with that actual job title) who can start developing the exact movements of the character's virtual limbs, muscles, and facial expressions in each specific scene. At that point, the role of the modern computer animator overlaps in some respects with that of his or her predecessors in traditional animation: namely, trying to create scenes already storyboarded in rough form by
918-435: Is long-term repetition and practice. Many fine artists have studied their art form at university, and some have a master's degree in fine arts. Artists may also study on their own or receive on-the-job training from an experienced artist. The number of available jobs as an artist is increasing more slowly than in other fields. About half of US artists are self-employed. Others work in a variety of industries. For example,
969-570: The COVID-19 pandemic began to rapidly spread worldwide, causing more than 7 million reported deaths, and around 18.2 to 33.5 million estimated deaths, while at the same time, causing severe global economic disruption , including the largest global recession since the Great Depression in the 1930s. Due to the sudden proliferation of internet-accessible mobile devices , such as smartphones becoming ubiquitous worldwide beginning in
1020-598: The COVID-19 pandemic . 2000s 2010s 2020s Association football is the most popular sport worldwide with the FIFA World Cup being the most viewed football event. Other sports such as rugby, cricket, baseball, basketball, ice hockey, tennis, and golf are popular globally. In cricket , the emergence of the Twenty20 format and the creation of the Indian Premier League led to changes in
1071-805: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan replaced the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal replaced the Kingdom of Nepal . The National Transitional Council of Libya replaced the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya . The State of Libya replaced the National Transitional Council of Libya . The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan replaced
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#17327906788941122-482: The Internet . Telecommunications in the early 21st century are much more advanced and universal than they were in the late 20th century. Only a few percent of the world's population were Internet users and cellular phone owners in the late 1990s; while as of 2023, 67% of the world's population is online, and 78% of all people aged 10 and above own a mobile phone. In the 2010s, artificial intelligence , mainly in
1173-574: The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan . These territories have declared independence and secured relative autonomy but they have only been recognized by some UN member states: These territories have declared independence and secured relative autonomy but they have been recognized by no one: These territories were annexed from a sovereign country, the action has only been recognized by some UN member states: These territories were ceded to another country: The Digital Revolution continued into
1224-761: The Russian Invasion of Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war . The United States has remained the sole global superpower , while China is now considered to be an emerging superpower . In 2022, 45% of the world's population lived in "some form of democracy", although only 8% lived in "full democracies". The United Nations estimates that by 2050, two thirds of the world's population will be urbanized . The world economy expanded at high rates from $ 42 trillion in 2000 to $ 101 trillion in 2022, and though many economies rose at greater levels, some gradually contracted. The European Union greatly expanded in
1275-712: The September 11 attacks in 2001. The NATO intervention in Afghanistan and the United States -led coalition intervention in Iraq in the early 2000s, as well as the overthrow of several regimes during the Arab Spring in the early 2010s, led to mixed outcomes in the Arab world , resulting in several civil wars and political instability. The 2020s saw an increase in wars across the world, as seen with conflicts such as
1326-413: The "key poses" drawn by the animator, and also re-draw any sketches that are too roughly made to be used as such. Usually, a young artist seeking to break into animation is hired for the first time in one of these categories, and can later advance to the rank of full animator (usually after working on several productions). Historically, the creation of animation was a long and arduous process. Each frame of
1377-549: The 21st century, adding 13 member states , but the United Kingdom withdrew . Most EU member states introduced a common currency, the Euro . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), also greatly expanded, adding 13 member states . Effects of global warming and rising sea levels exacerbated the ecological crises , with eight islands disappearing between 2007 and 2014. Globally, from January 2020 to May 2023,
1428-770: The 21st century. This is a list of sovereign states that have gained independence in the 21st century and have been recognized by the UN . These nations gained sovereignty through government reform. The Union of the Comoros replaced the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan replaced the Islamic State of Afghanistan . The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro replaced
1479-420: The animator's job less tedious and more creative. Audiences generally find animation to be much more interesting with sound. Voice actors and musicians , among other talent, may contribute vocal or music tracks. Some early animated films asked the vocal and music talent to synchronize their recordings to already-extant animation (and this is still the case when films are dubbed for international audiences). For
1530-399: The art of acting, in that actors also must do the best they can with the lines they are given; it is often encapsulated by the common industry saying that animators are "actors with pencils". In 2015, Chris Buck noted in an interview that animators have become "actors with mice ." Some studios bring in acting coaches on feature films to help animators work through such issues. Once each scene
1581-432: The beginning of the century; by the 2010s , China became an emerging global superpower and, by some measures, the world's largest economy . In terms of purchasing power parity , India's economy became more significant than Japan 's around 2011. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are decentralized currencies that are not controlled by any central bank. These currencies are increasing in popularity worldwide due to
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1632-657: The early 2010s, more than two thirds of the world's population obtained access to the Internet by 2023. After the success of the Human Genome Project , DNA sequencing services became available and affordable. There were significant improvements in the complexity of artificial intelligence , with American companies, universities, and research labs pioneering advances in the field. Generative AI -based applications such as ChatGPT and DALL-E have accumulated billions of users, and allow users to instantly generate complex texts, images, art, and video, comparable to
1683-741: The early 21st century with mobile phone usage and Global Internet usage growing massively, becoming available to many more people, with more applications and faster speeds. Social networking emerged in the mid-2000s as a popular form of social communication, partly replacing much of the function of email , message boards and instant messaging services. Twitter , Facebook , YouTube , Instagram , Snapchat and WeChat are all major examples of social media which have gained widespread popularity. The use of webcams and front-facing cameras on PCs and related devices, and services such as Skype , Zoom and FaceTime , have made video calling and video conferencing widespread. Their use hugely increased during
1734-483: The early years of previous centuries were commonly pronounced as, for example, "eighteen oh five" (for 1805) and "nineteen oh five" (for 1905). Generally, the early years of the 21st century were pronounced as in "two-thousand (and) five," with a change taking place around 2010, when pronunciations often shifted between the early-years form of "two-thousand and ten" and the traditionally more concise form of "twenty-ten." The Vancouver Olympics , which took place in 2010,
1785-533: The elderly, and middle-aged Russian men. The entire written works of humanity, from the beginning of recorded history to 2003, in all known languages , are estimated to amount to five exabytes of data. Since 2003, with the beginning of social media and " user-generated content ", the same amount of data is created every two days. With the AI boom of the 2020s gaining international prominence, as of 2024, mass-produced AI-generated content comprised over half of
1836-445: The expanding availability of the internet and are mainly used as a store of value . There is an ongoing impact of technological unemployment due to automation and computerization : the rate at which jobs are disappearing—due to machines replacing them—is expected to escalate. Automation alters the number of jobs and the skills demands of industries. As of 2019, the production output of first world nations ' manufacturing sectors
1887-621: The form of deep learning and machine learning , became more prevalent and in the early 2020s, with the rise of generative AI , the AI boom began. As of 2022, 8.6% of the world's population still lacked access to electricity. In 2001, Dennis Tito became the first space tourist , beginning the era of commercial spaceflight . Entrepreneurs Elon Musk and Richard Branson are working towards commercial space exploration, colonization and tourism, while China and India have made substantial strides in their space programs. On 3 January 2019, China landed
1938-466: The general consensus is that there are between 6,000 and 7,000 languages currently spoken. Between 50% and 90% of those will have become extinct by the year 2100. The top 20 languages spoken by more than 50 million speakers each, are spoken by 50% of the world's population. In contrast, many of the other languages are spoken by small communities, most of them with fewer than 10,000 speakers. Some territories and states have gained independence during
1989-546: The history of animation, they did not need most of the crew positions seen on a physical set. In hand-drawn Japanese animation productions, such as in Hayao Miyazaki 's films, the key animator handles both layout and key animation. Some animators in Japan such as Mitsuo Iso take full responsibility for their scenes, making them become more than just the key animator. Animators often specialize. One important distinction
2040-569: The images or frames for an animation piece depend on the animators' artistic styles and their field. Other artists who contribute to animated cartoons , but who are not animators, include layout artists (who design the backgrounds, lighting, and camera angles), storyboard artists (who draw panels of the action from the script), and background artists (who paint the "scenery"). Animated films share some film crew positions with regular live action films, such as director, producer, sound engineer, and editor, but differ radically in that for most of
2091-452: The majority of animated films today, the soundtrack is recorded first in the language of the film's primary target market and the animators are required to synchronize their work to the soundtrack. As a result of the ongoing transition from traditional 2D to 3D computer animation , the animator's traditional task of redrawing and repainting the same character 24 times a second (for each second of finished animation) has now been superseded by
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2142-404: The modern task of developing dozens (or hundreds) of movements of different parts of a character in a virtual scene. Because of the transition to computer animation, many additional support positions have become essential, with the result that the animator has become but one component of a very long and highly specialized production pipeline. In the 21st century , visual development artists design
2193-508: The possible adverse effects of social media in influencing citizen's views, particularly regarding the 2016 United States presidential election . The world population was about 6.1 billion at the start of the 21st century and reached 8 billion by November 2022. It is estimated to reach nearly 8.6 billion by 2030, and 9.8 billion by 2050. According to the United Nations World Urbanization prospects, 60% of
2244-450: The retirement age has been called for in view of an increase in life expectancy and has been put in place in many jurisdictions. As of 2009, Ethnologue catalogued 6,909 living human languages. The exact number of known living languages will vary from 5,000 to 10,000, generally depending on the precision of one's definition of "language", and in particular, on how one classifies dialects . Estimates vary depending on many factors, but
2295-577: The same way, the features constituting beauty and the beautiful cannot be standardized easily without moving into kitsch . The US Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies many visual artists as either craft artists or fine artists . A craft artist makes handmade functional works of art, such as pottery or clothing . A fine artist makes paintings, illustrations (such as book illustrations or medical illustrations ), sculptures, or similar artistic works primarily for their aesthetic value. The main source of skill for both craft artists and fine artists
2346-491: The sophistication of human work. Research into outer space greatly accelerated in the 2020s, with the United States mainly dominating space exploration , including the James Webb Space Telescope , Ingenuity helicopter , Lunar Gateway , and Artemis program . There is a lack of general agreement over how to pronounce specific years of the 21st century in English. Academics have pointed out that
2397-513: The works of Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472): De re aedificatoria , De statua , De pictura , which focused on the importance of the intellectual skills of the artist rather than the manual skills (even if in other forms of art there was a project behind). With the academies in Europe (second half of 16th century) the gap between fine and applied arts was definitely set. Many contemporary definitions of "artist" and "art" are highly contingent on culture, resisting aesthetic prescription; in
2448-480: The world's human population are projected to live in megacities and megalopolises by 2030, 70% by 2050, and 90% by 2080. Life expectancy has increased as child mortality continues to decline. A baby born in 2019, for example, will, on average (globally), live to 73 years—27 years longer than the global average of someone born in 1950. Ten million Britons (16% of the United Kingdom population) will, on average, live to 100 or older. Climate change remains
2499-453: The world, as seen with the deterioration of US-China relations , Russian Invasion of Ukraine , Tigray War , Sudanese civil war , Israel–Hamas War , etc. Poverty is still widespread globally, but fewer people live in the most extreme forms of poverty. In 1990, 37.9% of the world's population lived in extreme poverty ; by 2022, this had dropped to just 9%. The Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal drew international attention to
2550-755: Was being officially referred to by Vancouver 2010 as "the twenty-ten Olympics". Technologies such as ultrasound , prenatal genetic testing and genetic engineering have advanced significantly. Because of sex-selective abortion , fewer girls have been born in the 21st century (and since the early 1980s) compared to past centuries, mostly because of son preference in East and South Asia. In 2014, only 47 percent of Indian births were of girls. This has led to an increase in bachelors in countries such as China and India. The first genetically modified children were born November 2018 in China to significant controversy, beginning
2601-452: Was doubled when compared to 1984 output; but it is now produced with one-third fewer workers and at significantly reduced operating costs . Half of all jobs with requirements lower than a bachelor's degree are currently in the process of being replaced with partial- or full-automation. The World Economic Forum forecast that 65% of children entering primary school will end up in jobs or careers that currently do not yet exist. A rise in
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