53-650: Aarey Milk Colony is within Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP). Of which 25.6% (812 acres) are classified as mixed moist deciduous type forest. It acts as a buffer between SGNP and the city, being one of the few green spaces (spread over 2000 acres) left in Mumbai . On 3 September 2020, the Maharashtra government declared one fifth of the Aarey Colony, an area of approximately 600 acres, as
106-500: A Kuldevi worship spot of the Malhar Koli community at Ultan Pada. Apart from this, they also found five Gaodevi statues, a vaghoba (lion) statue, a kichaka (pillar bracket) worshiped as a Ganesha statue and an unidentified statue. Remains of Diggar temple were also found from the same period. Only 7 padas were covered in this exploration and the experts have stated that Aarey is an unexplored site and could be important in constructing
159-464: A journal Zootaxa, claims significance in terms of biogeography as a first for any African genus spider species discovered in Asia 2016 : the first ground-dwelling gecko, Cyrtodactylus varadgirii , discovered from Aarey in the last 130 years from India 2014 : a species of tarantula, Heterophrictus aareyensus , discovered spotted near the government guesthouse having similarity to tarantula species from
212-599: A leopard in Bhiwandi, Thane City, in 2013. Five days later, a 14-year-old shepherd survived a leopard attack in the same region. In 2014, a two-year-old child went missing from Ghoong village in Wada. August 2015 saw four leopard attacks in Thane city. In one incident, a leopard and her cub dragged a one-year-old Rottweiler off. Shilahara dynasty The Shilahara ( IAST : Śilāhāra; also Shelara, Selara, Shilara, Silara)
265-461: A new environment have caused attacks. Vidya Athreya, an ecologist, pointed out that leopards being around was never a big issue among residents of these areas, it is only a recent demand. She also pointed out that this is an urban dwellers' issue as people in rural areas experience less attacks and no death has occurred in Ahemadnagar, for instance, despite having a higher leopard count. A leopard
318-480: A number of moths too. The largest moth is the size of a sparrow (30 cm). Some of the birds in the park are jungle owlets , golden orioles , racket-tailed drongos , minivets , magpies , robins , hornbills , bulbuls , sunbirds , peacock , and woodpeckers . Migratory and local birds such as the paradise flycatcher and various species of kingfishers , mynas , drongos , swifts , gulls , egrets , and herons have also been spotted. The park has faced
371-414: A number of problems similar to those faced by national parks elsewhere in the world, involving conflicts between natural and human interests. In June 2004, leopards were responsible for the deaths of 20 humans within the span of a week. This was not the first attack: for the past 10 years, there have been attacks attributed to leopards stalking children and adults outside the park fringes. After an outcry
424-469: A rare snake-like amphibian, was also discovered in the interiors of Aarey. 2019 : a spider was discovered, Jerzego sunillimay . This is the first ever species of the genus Jerzego whose taxonomic details, mating behaviour, and egg development have been documented. It is the fourth species under this genus in the world and second from India. 2017 : two species of jumping spiders, Langelurillus onyx and Langelurillus lacteus , were discovered. Published in
477-599: A reserved forest. The Colony is a neighbourhood situated in Goregaon (East), a suburb of the city of Mumbai , India. It was established in 1949 to revolutionize the processing and marketing of dairy products in the city. The name comes up as ‘Areyn’ in Bombay Government records of 1836, according to which Ardesar Dadaji, a Parsee businessman, had been granted the villages of Malhar, Dysar, Magatney, Tulsi, Areyn, Eksar, Kanari and part of Pahadi in lieu of land in
530-588: Is 400 acres (160 ha) only. Land is also leased out to various organizations and institutions of the Maharashtra State Government and Central Government of India. Allocation of land is as follows: The main objective to erect such colony: In the colony, 30 stables are constructed having a capacity for housing 500–550 animals in each stables. Each stable has been provided with an ancillary building such as hay gawdown, chaff-cutting sheds, calving lines, and residential accommodation for
583-682: Is known to have potential to show human-leopard co-existence in an urban setting. There are 4 adult females named Adarsh Nagar (after the locality she used to frequent), Bindu, Chandani ( 3 legged leopard) and Luna. The leopards are monitored by camera traps, first set up in 2015. The Forest Department has joined hands with citizen groups to observe and learn about leopard behavior. An RTI has revealed that from 2016 to 2018, seven leopards have been rescued. While Aarey has been infamous for leopard attacks, research by Centre for Wildlife Studies revealed that leopards are actually afraid of humans and highlighted that poor garbage disposal and newly released leopards in
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#1732787281048636-594: Is outsourced to a private firm every two years. Film City is frequently used for movie shoots. There is a road within the colony built by the Maharashtra Public Works Department that connects the WEH to Powai . The Aarey Colony administration earlier collected toll from the users of the road. In 2014, the MCGM took over the road and ended the collection of the toll. It is also the location of
689-541: Is spread over 16 km (6 sq mi) and is located off the Western Express Highway (WEH). Among the popular attractions in Aarey are Chhota Kashmir with a lake and a picnic spot. The colony also has gardens, a nursery, lakes, an observation pavilion, picnic facilities, and milk plants. 16,000 cattle are reared on 1,287 ha (3,180 acres) of land, and 32 cattle farms. The management of all these
742-482: The '1963 Ramon Magsaysay Award' with Dr Verghese Kurien for revolutionizing the processing and marketing of milk in Mumbai. Aarey Forest includes 12 villages: Sai, Gundgav, Film City , Royal Palms, Dindoshi (Eksar Pahad), Aarey, Pahadi Goregaon, Vyraval, Kondivita, Maroshi (Marol), Parjapur, and Paspoli. In 1977, around 200 ha (490 acres) of land was carved out from Aarey village to establish Film City . The colony
795-407: The 9th and the 1st centuries BCE. They were chiselled out of a massive basaltic rock outcropping. In 1996, the park was renamed to Sanjay Gandhi National Park, after Sanjay Gandhi . The same year, some forests from the Thane division were merged into the park, further expanding its total area to 103.84 km (40.09 sq mi). The park occupies most of the northern suburbs of Mumbai. To
848-650: The African continent 2012 : a trapdoor spider, Idiops rubrolimbatus , discovered and published in the Journal of Arachnology 2011 : a species of scorpion, Lychas aareyensis , discovered and published in the Journal of Threatened Taxa. ** In all there are 90 different types of spiders, including five species of tarantulas and six species of scorpions There are around 27 tribal hamlets (known as padas in Marathi) and other smaller hamlets in Aarey. Some of tribes that
901-677: The Fort. Aarey Colony has an array of wild life and several species of insects, butterflies and birds. It has at least 86 species of trees and 22 species of birds. A recent report submitted to the state highlights the rich biodiversity inside Aarey. There are about 290 species of wild life in Aarey Colony including 5 such species of animals which feature in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). These vulnerable animals include leopards, Rusty spotted cat, Sambar deer, Alexandrine Parakeet and Red-wattled Lapwing. Aarey
954-602: The Kadamba ruler Sasthadeva and his son Chaturbhuja were trying to overthrow the Rastrakuta rule. This explains Bhima's opposition to Chandrapuri or Chandor. Avasara III, no doubt, ruled in troubled times, but had no contribution of his to make. Finally, Rattaraja, loyal to the Rastrakutas, was compelled to transfer his allegiance to Taila II. Soon after the issue of the plates in 1008, the rule of Konkan passed over to
1007-588: The Mumbai-Salsette exploration project, BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre) and CEMS (Centre for Extra-Mural Studies) have found relics, tribal artefacts dating back to the Shilahara dynasty / Sheelar Yadav period (765 - 1029 AD) in Aarey. These findings threw new light on Aarey as an archaeological site and having significant historical and cultural importance. The team (consisting of 6 experts and 40 archeology students) found remains of old settlements and
1060-594: The Raigad District. The dynasty bore the title of Tagara-puradhishvara , which indicates that they originally hailed from Tagara. Around 1343 the island of Salsette , and eventually the whole archipelago, passed to the Muzaffarid dynasty . Shilaharas of Southern Maharashtra at Kolhapur was the latest of the three and was founded about the time of downfall of the Rashtrakuta Empire. All
1113-459: The Tulsi Lake, pythons , cobras , Checkered keelback , Common krait , monitor lizards , Russell's vipers , bamboo pit viper and Indian cat snakes . In 2003, pugmarks and droppings of a Bengal tiger were found in the park. Although the tiger was never widely sighted, it did bring some excitement to city folks as records of tiger being found here are quite old and forgotten now with
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#17327872810481166-483: The activities of maintaining the large herds of milch animals in Aarey Colony, certain activities like running a primary school for the benefit of children of residents of the Aarey Colony and running a twenty-four bed hospital are also undertaken by Aarey authorities. Under this scheme, nearly 1,700 indigenous and cross-breed cows are maintained at four Dairy Farms Units. The indigenous herd is utilized for producing large numbers of cross-breed heifers which are supplied to
1219-519: The branches of this family traced their descent from the legendary Vidyadhara prince Jimutavahana , who sacrificed himself to rescue a Naga prince from the clutches of Garuda . The family-name Shilahara (meaning "mountain-peak food" in Sanskrit) is supposed to have been derived from this incident. Even single inscriptions have more than one form of the name; one has the three forms Silara, Shilara and Shrillara. After Rashtrakuta power became weak,
1272-559: The capital was shifted to Kolhapur , some of their grants mention Valavada, and the hill fort of Pranalaka or Padmanala ( Panhala ) as the places of royal residence. Even though the capital was shifted to Kolhapur , Karhad retained its significance during the Shilahara period. This branch rose to power during the latter part of the Rashtrakuta rule and so, unlike the kings of the other two branches, those of this branch do not mention
1325-484: The cattle owner and their staff. The private cattle owner who are maintaining their herds in the Mumbai city prior to 1949 were shifted and allotted licences to maintain their buffaloes in the colony stables. Presently, Aarey Milk Colony has got the capacity of accommodating 16,079 cattle in 30 units. The licence holders are required to pay the necessary license fee, occupation charges, water and electricity charges and other ancillary services rendered to them. In addition to
1378-604: The construction of metro depot in Aarey were still being heard in the Bombay High Court and the Indian Supreme Court. The last of which only concluded in early 2023. It has been said that the carshed issue resulted in delaying the opening of the Metro Line 3 by at least five years and also lead to cost overruns in thousands of crores in rupees. Those who want to protect Aarey Forest say the loss to
1431-473: The farmers of dairy co-operatives in Maharashtra state to augment the milk production and the generation of cross-breed herd will be utilized to study the effect of cross-breeding up to a 7.5% and 6.5% exotic blood level. This study will be useful to advise the farmers in the Maharashtra state regarding the breeding policies that can be practiced by them for breeding their cross-bred progeny at the village level. Maintenance of cross-breed herds will be economic while
1484-458: The forest of thousands of trees will lead to poorer air quality and will disrupt wildlife habitat, including that of a small population of endangered leopards. They say the housing project, which has a large concrete footprint, will lead to flooding in an urban area already prone to seasonal floods. Sanjay Gandhi National Park Sanjay Gandhi National Park is an 87 km (34 sq mi) protected area in Mumbai , Maharashtra . It
1537-491: The forest. From 2014 onwards a coalition of urban and Indigenous communities has campaigned against any clearing of the area. The car shed project was tried to be moved to Kanjurmarg. But later in July 2022 the project was shifted back to its original place and the construction resumed when the stay order was removed on 21 July. However, the work did not restart until March 2023 as hearing on several different petitions filed against
1590-420: The forest. Archaeologists have also found that Aarey and Prajapur used to be important towns as early as 200 BC being part of an important trade route of that time. Aarey Milk Colony at Goregaon (East) was established in 1949 and in 1951 the dairy at Aarey was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru . The colony was the vision of Mr Dara Khurody , a pioneer of dairy sector who shared
1643-573: The history of Mumbai. The investigated padas include Kelti pada, Marol police quarters, picnic spot, Chhota Kashmir, Marol Toll Naka and Maroshi. Another study was conducted around 2017 when construction workers found an artefact in the Metro III proposed car shed area. This pillar like structure dates back to 12th - 14th century. Many of the relics found were being used as statues of local deities and were locals were worshipping them as that. These new archaeological findings became another reason to protect
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1696-432: The ideal habitat for many wild animals. Chital , rhesus macaque and bonnet macaque are some of the wild mammals often spotted inside the park. Other large mammals found in the park include black-naped or Indian hare , muntjac (barking deer), porcupine , Asian palm civet , Small Indian civet , chevrotain , grey langur , Indian flying fox , sambar deer and leopard . Reptiles living here include crocodiles in
1749-694: The indigenous herds will be showing some amount of losses, but it will be a good study for future planning. In order to increase the revenue and decrease the losses incurred, the following activities were initiated from 2001 to 2002. The various activities are carried out by the staff of around 640 personnel under the administrative control of chief executive officer Aarey Colony. The roads within Aarey are lonely and late night travel must be avoided between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. The thick vegetation hides wild animals like leopards, who usually prey upon stray dogs and feral pigs. In recent years, increased human encroachment into leopard territory and shortage of prey density in
1802-474: The kingdom of North Konkan (the modern districts of Thane , Mumbai and Raigad ) on Kapardin ( Sanskrit : Wearing the kaparda , a peculiar braid or knot of hair - also a term for god Shiva / Rishabhanatha ) I, founder of the Northern Silhara family, around 800. Since then North Konkan came to be known as Kapardi-dvipa or Kavadidvipa. The capital of this branch was Puri, now known as Rajapur in
1855-480: The last known ruler of this family, Rattaraja, declared his independence. But Chalukya Jayasimha, the younger brother of Vikramaditya, overthrew him and appropriated his possessions. North Konkan was conquered by the Rashtrakuta king Dantidurga sometime in the second quarter of the eighth century. This house's history is known through one record, the Kharepatan plates of Rattaraja issued in 1008. Rattaraja
1908-504: The last tiger being shot down 80 years earlier in the region. Conservation was also proposed for the interlinked habitat corridors and nearby forest areas in the state along with upgrading their status as tiger habitat. A total 172 species of butterflies have been reported here, of which the spectacular ones are blue Mormon , the phenomenal artist of camouflage, blue oak leaf , bright Jezebel and large yellow and white orange tip , tiger butterfly , eggflies and sailers. There are
1961-584: The later Chalukyas. (Dept. Gazetteer: Kolaba, 1964, Dept. Gazetteer: 2002) The Shilahara family at Kolhapur was the latest of the three and was founded about the time of the downfall of the Rashtrakuta Empire. They ruled over southern Maharashtra and Northern Karnataka , the modern districts of Satara, Kolhapur and Belagavi. Their family deity was the goddess Mahalakshmi, whose blessing they claimed to have secured in their copperplate grants (Mahalakshmi-labdha-vara-prasada). Like their relatives of
2014-548: The limits of a city. The region is hilly with elevations between 30 and 480 m (98 and 1,575 ft). Vihar Lake and Tulsi Lake in the park meet a part of the city's water requirements. The park is said to be the lungs of the city as it purifies much of the air pollution in the city. This park is home to a number of endangered species of flora and fauna. The forest area of the park houses over 1,000 plant species, 251 species of migratory, land, and water birds, 5,000 species of insects, and 40 species of mammals. In addition,
2067-437: The metro line within what was allegedly an eco sensitive part of the forest. The 32 story project 32-story residential project intended to house 8,000 people and also included a heliport and parking for 365 cars. This project has since been shifted to Dahisar. Proponents say the land is needed for projects that are important to local residents, and that the need outweighs environmental concerns raised by people who want to protect
2120-493: The neighbouring SGNP have turned some leopards into man-eaters . On 22 December 2016, the headless body of a 22-year-old man, Brandon Gonsalves, was found near Unit 2 of Aarey Colony. The Mumbai Police suspected that it was a case of human sacrifice performed by some tantrik babas. Apart from criminal activities like murders, road robberies, and occult practices, there are apocryphal tales of ghosts trying to hitch rides. A large portion of Bimal Roy 's Madhumati (1958)
2173-671: The northern branch of Konkan , the Shilaharas of Kolhapur claimed to be of the lineage of the Vidyadhara Jimutavahana. They carried the banner of golden Garuda. One of the many titles used by the Shilaharas was Tagarapuravaradhisvara , or supreme sovereign ruler of Tagara. The first capital of the Shilaharas was probably at Karad during the reign of Jatiga-II as known from their copper plate grant of Miraj and 'Vikramankadevacharita' of Bilhana. Hence sometimes they are referred as 'Shilaharas of Karad'. Later on although
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2226-449: The original inhabitants belong to are Katkaris, Mahadev Kolis, Malhar Koli and Warlis The tribal in the area farm and cultivate various fruits and vegetables among other which are then sold in markets for a livelihood. They have suffered on account of basic amenities not provided by the government and also the rapid degradation of the forest and drive to displace tribes has impacted their sustainable lifestyle and means of livelihood. In
2279-477: The park also provides shelter to 38 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, 150 species of butterflies, and a large variety of fish. In the state of Maharashtra, the mass flowering of karvi has been observed to occur in Mumbai in the same year as in the hill station of Khandala and one year earlier in Bhimashankar and Malshej Ghat , beyond Kalyan . The forest cover in the park helps provide
2332-578: The proposed carshed and depot for Line 3 of the Mumbai Metro . A plan was mooted in 2010 to extend the existing Byculla Zoo in South Mumbai by building a zoo with no enclosures on land that would be acquired from both the colony as well as the adjacent Sanjay Gandhi National Park . The Aarey Milk Colony occupies a total area of 3,166 acres (1,281 ha) of land, out of which the area available for cultivation of quality fodder and grasses
2385-468: The south of Bombay, so the influence of the Shilaharas had spread over the whole of Konkan . At this time Laghu Kapardi, the ruler of the Thane branch, was just a boy and the help given to the ruler of Chaul must have been at his expense. Avasara II continued the policy of his father. Indraraja's son Bhima is styled as 'Rahuvadgrasta Chandramandala' because he overthrew the petty ruler of Chandor. At this time
2438-608: The territory between Sahya mountain and the sea through the favour of Krisnaraja. Sana-phulla's son Dhammayira is known to have built a fort at Vallipattana on the Western Coast. Aiyaparaja secured victory at Chandrapuri ( Chandor ) in Goa. The reign of Avasara I proved to be uneventful. His son Adityavarman, who is described as brilliant as the Sun in valour, offered help to the kings of Chandrapuri and Chemulya (modern Chaul), 30 miles to
2491-480: The west lie the suburbs of Goregaon , Malad , Kandivali , Borivali and Dahisar . To the east lie the suburbs of Bhandup and Mulund . To the south lies the Aarey Milk Colony and the university campus of IIT Bombay . The northern reaches of this forest lie in Thane city. The park and the areas surrounding it, except Thane city, are all part of Mumbai. It is the only protected forest located within
2544-480: Was a royal dynasty that established itself in northern and southern Konkan in 8th century CE, present-day Mumbai and Southern Maharashtra ( Kolhapur ) during the Rashtrakuta period. Shilahara Kingdom were split into three branches: The dynasty originally began as vassals of the Rashtrakuta dynasty which ruled the Deccan plateau between the 8th and 10th centuries. Govinda II, a Rashtrakuta king, conferred
2597-401: Was allegedly carrying away a 4-year-old boy in Aarey Colony, The boy was rescued after alert locals intervened in the nick of time. Aarey contributes about 90 species of butterflies (including plain tiger, striped tiger, common crow, chocolate pansy, common Mormon), 8 species of reptiles, 12 amphibian species, 77 different avifauna (birdlife) species, and 6 species of venomous snakes. Caecilian,
2650-524: Was established in 1969 with its headquarters situated at Borivali . The 2400-year-old Kanheri caves , sculpted by monks out of the rocky basaltic cliffs, lie within the park. The rich flora and fauna of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park attract more than 2 million visitors every year. The Kanheri caves , located centrally in the park, were important Buddhist learning centres and pilgrimage sites sculpted by Buddhist monks between
2703-452: Was raised and the situation reached alarming proportions, eight leopards were caught and relocated. The leopard threat still continues in and around the Thane district today, with repeated sightings as well as attacks on pets and humans. On 16 July 2012, a seven-year-old girl was killed in Mulund right outside her home by a leopard. A year later, a 40-year-old woman was attacked and killed by
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#17327872810482756-575: Was shot in the area, to match the earlier footage shot in Nainital . Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation, a Joint Venture Special Purpose Agency between the Government of India and the Government of Maharashtra for constructing Mumbai Metro Line 3 has proposed some projects which could have potentially caused several trees to be cut. Among which was the Metro Bhavan, a housing project for workers of
2809-463: Was the last ruler of this dynasty. The document is extremely important as it not only gives the genealogy of the ten ancestors of Rattaraja but also mentions their exploits. The founder, Sanaphulla, was vassal of the Rastrakuta emperor Krisna I who had established his power over Konkan by 765 and probably handed it to Sanaphulla. The Kharepatan plates declare that Sanaphulla obtained lordship over
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