16-571: The Acland Mill was the first jute mill established in India . The mill was established in 1855 by British entrepreneur George Acland and Bengali financier Babu Bysumber Sen in Rishra , Bengal Presidency , British India (present-day West Bengal , India). At the beginning of the nineteenth century, jute manufacturing in India and Bengal was inefficient and of poor quality. The Crimean War interrupted
32-535: A Dundee jute overseer, installed the first jute spinning machinery at Rishra. Acland Mill was then established as the first jute mill in India. The mill was built on land that formed a part of the Garden House property once owned by Warren Hastings . The Acland Mill was managed by Charles Smith, a jute mill overseer from Dundee. The mill produced 8 tons of jute yarn per day in its first two years of operation, which were in turn sold to local weavers. In about 1857,
48-653: A jute mill before becoming a successful writer. This article about a building or structure type is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Adamjee Jute Mills Adamjee Jute Mill was a jute mill in Bangladesh. It was established in Narayanganj in 1950 by the Adamjee Group . It was the second jute mill in East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) after Bawa Jute Mill, which
64-636: The Borneo Company , which enjoyed much success in the late 1860s and early 1870s. Jute mill A jute mill is a factory for processing jute . There is evidence of jute fibre extraction dating back to the Han dynasty , with a fragment of jute paper being discovered in Dunhuang, in the Gansu Province. The first known mechanical jute mills are believed to have been converted Flax mills ,
80-539: The East India Company's Marine , from Devonshire . He initially had the idea to grow rhea grass to serve as a substitute for flax and hemp, to make up for losses he had acquired through other business ventures. However, John Kerr, a machine manufacturer, advised Acland to manufacture jute products in Bengal instead. In 1855, George Acland, in collaboration with a Bengali financier named Babu Bysumber Sen and
96-605: The Bihari workers in the factory were protected by the Indian Army. It employed over 25,000 workers when it was closed on 30 June 2002. Since the nationalization, the mill had accumulated 12 billion taka in losses. After a strong battle for survival, Adamjee Jute Mills was officially closed down in 2002 despite huge protests from local policy makers and political opponents. In that place, a new industrial zone has been installed, Adamjee Export Processing Zone . In August 2011,
112-686: The Independence of Pakistan, Muslim entrepreneurs were asked by the government of Pakistan to create proposals for a jute mill in East Bengal. The Adamjee Group in December 1949 presented the government of Pakistan a proposal for the jute plant. The capital for the mills were to be provided by Adamjee Brothers and the Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation 50-50 equally. Siddhirganj was chosen as
128-542: The firm added 128 broad looms to produce wide hessian cloth for which there was strong demand in the United States as backing cloth for tufted carpets. The Adamjee family lost control of the mill in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War and it was nationalized after the Independence of Bangladesh. During the war, Bengali workers were replaced by Bihari workers in the. After the war ended,
144-616: The mill expanded to handweaving coarse gunny cloth on a small number of frame hand looms. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , Acland hired seamen from the Sailors' Home in Calcutta , along with the staff that operated the mill, to guard his property. Around this time, Acland also formed the mill into a limited liability company named Rishra Twine and Yarn Mills Co. Ld. After the mill burnt down in 1858, Acland reestablished
160-727: The mill in 1862 under the new name of the Ischera Yarn Mill. In 1868, the Ischera Yarn Mill was wound up and auctioned off to new owners. After it was partially closed down from 1868 to 1872, the mill was again restarted under the name of the Calcutta Jute Mills Co., Ld. This mill prospered primarily because of the British demand for cotton caused by the American Civil War , by providing a supply of jute bags to Bombay (present-day Mumbai ). In 1877,
176-733: The mill was transferred to the A.R. McIntosh and Co., after which it became bankrupt in 1880. It was then purchased by the Champdany Jute Company ( James Finlay & Co ) in 1880 and later renamed as the Wellington Jute Mills. The minor success that the Acland Mill enjoyed in the Bengali jute trade prompted the establishment of several other jute mills in Calcutta. One such mill was established in 1859 by
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#1732781113254192-711: The oldest possibly being establish in Dundee , after a contract was agreed with the East India Company , for the supply of jute as a substitute for then scarce flax, in 1820. By the mid-1800s jute mills were being established in British India, George Acland's Mill of 1855, at Rishra , being the oldest. The world's largest jute mill was the Adamjee Jute Mills at Narayanganj in Bangladesh , which closed all operations in 2002. Jack London worked in
208-526: The site of mill due to the good river, road, and rail communication facilities. The first of three 1000-loom mills started production on 19 December 1951, the second in December 1952. In May 1954, violence clashes took place between Bengali and Bihari workers at the jute mills. The Police and East Pakistan Rifles were deployed to control the situation. In the clashes, 90 were killed and 250 injured. The third mill went into production in March 1956. In 1964,
224-548: The supply of flax and hemp from the Russian Empire to Britain, which enabled the Bengali jute trade to permanently take the place of the flax and hemp supply. By the middle of the eighteenth century, Bengal exported large quantities of raw jute to supply the flax industry in Dundee . The founder of the Acland Mill was George Acland, an English entrepreneur, owner of coffee plantations in Ceylon , and former marine in
240-587: The wealthiest family in the country. Initially, the said project was a partnership between the Adamjees and the PICIC (the government's industrial arm). The Adamjee family, however, soon took control of the project, and eventually built it into the largest jute mill in the world. In 1947, when India was partitioned, there were 108 jute mills in Bengal but all were located in West Bengal which went to India. After
256-620: Was the first Jute Mill in East Pakistan. Gradually, the mill became the largest jute mill in the world, exceeding the jute mills of Calcutta (now Kolkata ), India, and Dundee , Scotland. The mills were nationalised after the independence of Bangladesh in 1972. It was operated by the Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation before being closed down in 2002. Adamjee Jute Mills was set up by Abdul Wahid Adamjee , Pakistan's foremost industrialist, and scion of
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