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65-567: Upon the fall of Kabul and the collapse of both the ANA and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in August 2021, the Commando Corps was dissolved. It has, since then, been reactivated with a new flag and a new emblem as of 2024. The first commando battalion was formed from existing infantry battalions. In early 2007, a program began to take one conventional infantry kandak battalion from each of

130-619: A maroon beret has still been retained, previously worn by the Afghan Commando Forces and similar formations since 1970. Fall of Kabul (2021) Taliban victory [REDACTED]   Afghan Armed Forces Timeline Major operations Airstrikes Major insurgent attacks 2002 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Massacres Other On 15 August 2021, Afghanistan 's capital city of Kabul

195-490: A Break". At 11:00 p.m. local time, Ghani eventually publicly announced on Facebook that he had fled in an attempt to avoid a bloody battle and that "the Taliban [had] won with the judgment of their swords and guns". In another account, he defended his actions: "Two different factions of the Taliban were closing in from two different directions ... and the possibility of a massive conflict between them that would destroy

260-660: A central force reported at six battalions strong, plus additional second tier units, "the bulk of the army, ..made up of regional battalions, subordinate to local commanders of the Supervisory Council." On 16 January 1993 Jane's Defence Weekly reported that "a special assembly of 1335 delegates elected from across Afghanistan" had both elected Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani as President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan for two years, and agreed to "establish

325-477: A dozen An-24 and An-32s , an IL-18 , and a Yakovlev. Their civil air service contained two Boeing 727 A/Bs, a Tu-154 , five An-24s , and a DHC-6 . On 3 August 1995, Taliban Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 fighters forced a Russian Ilyushin-76 cargo plane carrying arms from Albania to Afghanistan to land at Kandahar . Negotiations between the Russian government and the Taliban to free the men stalled for over

390-630: A regular army with soldiers mostly drawn from Mojahedin groups." Pakistan had offered training assistance. However, a Civil War started between the various warlords, including Ahmad Shah Massoud , Gulbuddin Hekmatyar , Abdul Rashid Dostum, Abdul Ali Mazari , Jalaluddin Haqqani , Ismail Khan , Atta Muhammad Nur , Abdul Rasul Sayyaf , Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi , Mohammad Yunus Khalis , Gul Agha Sherzai and many others. The Taliban movement arose around Kandahar in southern Afghanistan and defeated

455-612: A significant impact on the Afghan National Security Forces . US support for the Afghan military was significantly reduced. And according to the terms of the deal, US military aircraft could not attack Taliban groups waiting more than 500 meters away, giving the Taliban an edge in targeting Afghan military units. The deal also exacerbated the decline in morale of the Afghan National Army and

520-546: A transitional government would be formed under the leadership of former minister Ali Jalali , but this was later denied by the Taliban. After President Ashraf Ghani's address to the nation about the situation in Kabul on midday, Hamdullah Mohib spoke to Khalil Haqqani , a leader of the Taliban's Haqqani network, who asked him to surrender and suggested a meeting. Mohib called Tom West, Khalilzad's deputy in Doha, to tell him about

585-615: A year and efforts by American senator Hank Brown to mediate between the two parties broke down over a prisoner exchange. Brown was able to get the Taliban to agree that the Russian crew should be allowed to maintain their aircraft. This request paved the way for their escape. The army under the Taliban Islamic Movement was inaugurated on 8 November 2021 as the Army of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan , which

650-621: Is 170,000. The Taliban created the first iteration of the Emirate's armed forces in 1997 after taking over Afghanistan following the end of the Afghan Civil War which raged between 1992 and 1996 . However, the first iteration of the armed forces was dissolved in 2001 after the downfall of the first Taliban government following the United States invasion of Afghanistan . It was officially reestablished on 8 November 2021 after

715-708: Is also referred to as the Islamic National Army , the Islamic Emirate Army and the Afghan Army . The army itself relies heavily on captured hardware from the defeated Afghan National Army. Approximately 2,000 vehicles fell into Taliban hands after the Fall of Kabul , including the Humvee , M1117 Guardian , MaxxPro MRAP and Oshkosh ATV . In terms of infantry equipment, captured items include

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780-660: Is considered one of the most critical factors that caused the collapse of the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). Following the deal, the US dramatically reduced the number of air attacks and deprived the ANSF of a critical edge in fighting the Taliban insurgency . Months before the fall, many in the United States Intelligence Community estimated that Kabul would be taken at least six months after

845-482: The Afghan National Police , leading to members bargaining with the Taliban. The Taliban was also able to spread propaganda and disinformation about the agreement, due to a lack of information and secret annexes in the agreement that were unknown even to the then Afghan government. The Taliban propaganda aimed to convince local police and military units that the US had already handed over territories to

910-583: The Faryab Province after surrendering. While the Taliban were known to show leniency to regular ANA troops, commandos and Afghan Air Force pilots were especially targeted by the Taliban. Some remnants of the ANA regrouped in the Panjshir Valley , where they joined the anti-Taliban National Resistance Front of Afghanistan . Around 500–600 remaining Afghan troops, made up mostly of Afghan commandos, were reported to have refused to surrender to

975-615: The Islamic Emirate Air Force and the Afghan Air Force . The air force acquired UH-60 Black Hawks , Mil Mi-24s (most of them without engines), Mil Mi-8s / Mil Mi-17s , A-29 Super Tucanos , Cessna 208s , and C-130 Hercules . On 11 January 2022, the air force successfully repaired and flew unserviceable aircraft which were abandoned by the US Army and the former Afghan National Army after Kabul fell to

1040-527: The M4 carbine , M16 rifle , night-vision goggles, body armor suits, communication equipment and shoulder-mounted grenade launchers. These U.S. made firearms are reportedly replacing Russian made AK-47s and AK-74s carried by most Taliban fighters. From 1 September 2021 to 10 January 2022, 15,102 newly trained fighters were inducted into the Islamic Emirate Army as calculated on the official site,

1105-567: The Russian Armed Forces reportedly started to recruit former Afghan commandos for the invasion of Ukraine . In November that same year, it was reported that Iran was also recruiting former commandos for use in Yemen, primarily those who had fled into Iran during the 2021 Taliban offensive. The ANA Commando Corps is still part of the Taliban -led Islamic Emirate Army , with a new flag and sleeve insignia. The tradition of wearing

1170-652: The United States and the Taliban on 29 February 2020 in Doha , Qatar . The deal was meant to bring the war in Afghanistan to an end. Significantly, the deal did not involve the then Afghan government , which led some experts to compare it to the Munich Agreement of 1938. The deal stipulated fighting restrictions for both the US and the Taliban, including the withdrawal of all NATO forces from Afghanistan in return for counter-terrorism commitments from

1235-579: The kandak staff and their command and control functions. The unit recruited from various ANA units all over Afghanistan, taking in prospective Pashtuns, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, and Turkmen to prevent forms of tribal allegiance and bias. The first commando kandak graduated on July 24, 2007, with Colonel Fareed Ahmadi as its commander. Upon graduation, each commando kandak returned to its designated corps area along with an embedded U.S. Army Special Forces A-Team, and began going through an 18-week cycle: six weeks each of train-up, missions, and recovery. Both

1300-452: The withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan was completed. However, beginning in May 2021, even while the withdrawal was occurring, the Taliban was able to take most of Afghanistan's provinces in rapid succession during a major offensive . During this period, estimates for the longevity of the Afghan state declined significantly. Ultimately, US president Joe Biden conceded on 16 August that

1365-900: The Afghan Armed Forces in 1985 were reduced to no more than about 47,000, the actual figure probably being lower. The Air Force had over 150 combat aircraft with about 7,000 officers who were supported by up to 5,000 Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force and Czechoslovak Air Force advisers. Under the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992), weapon deliveries by the Soviets were increased and included Mi-24 helicopters, MiG-23 fighter aircraft, ZSU-23-4 Shilka and ZSU-57-2 anti-aircraft self-propelled mounts, MT-LB armored personnel carriers, BM-27 Uragan and BM-21 Grad multiple-launch rocket systems and 9K52 Luna-M and Scud missile launchers. Some of

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1430-509: The Afghan state declined significantly during the offensive. In July 2021, the US intelligence community concluded that the government of Afghanistan would collapse between six and 12 months after the departure of American troops. An early August assessment estimated that Kabul could hold out for several months. Just five days before the Taliban reached Kabul, another estimate suggested the capital would last "30 to 90 days". Finally, two days before

1495-790: The Afghanistan GCPSU, which function under the Islamic Republic up until 2021 as a police tactical unit. The Taliban created and ran a small air force in from 1996 to 2001. In late 2001 Operation Crescent Wind was the initial series of U.S. air strikes on Afghanistan. Initial U.S. targets included command and control nodes , air defenses, as well as the modest Air Force, with the airports of Kabul , Herat , Kandahar , Zaranj and Mazar-i-Sharif being targeted. The Taliban were believed to have had 40 pilots capable of getting some 50 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 ( ASCC "Fishbed") and Sukhoi Su-22s (ASCC "Fitter") airborne, though there

1560-717: The Arg, returning to the official symbolism of the Taliban government of 1996 to 2001 . Following the collapse of the central government, a handful of Afghan politicians, including the Speaker of the House of the People Mir Rahman Rahmani , fled the country and traveled to Pakistan. Bismillah Khan Mohammadi , Sarwar Danish , Ahmad Zia Saraj also left Afghanistan. The Taliban's advances alarmed many Kabul residents. Some locals, especially women , were fearful for

1625-474: The Taliban . A new Taliban commander of the Afghan Air Force spoke as part of the announcement. According to the testimony of Guantanamo detainees before their Combatant Status Review Tribunals , the Taliban, in addition to conscripting men to serve as soldiers, also conscripted men to staff its civil service . According to a report from the University of Oxford , the Taliban made widespread use of

1690-486: The Taliban claimed to have taken over the Arg, which was left vacated by President Ghani earlier that day. Allegedly, all other palace employees were ordered to leave after Ghani had left. Reporters from Al Jazeera were later allowed into the Arg to interview Taliban militiamen. At approximately 9:12 p.m. local time, it was reported that the Taliban would soon declare the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan from

1755-575: The Taliban in Kabul, and instead joined up with U.S. forces at Kabul International Airport , helping them secure the outer perimeter of the airport during the evacuation in August 2021. Some Afghan commandos were evacuated to the United Kingdom . On 1 September 2021, Forbes reported that the UK was contemplating recruiting such evacuated commandos into the British Army . In October 2022,

1820-432: The Taliban would be formed. Afterward, fighting died down, although many civilians remained fearful and holed up in their homes. By late morning on 15 August, Taliban negotiators arrived at the presidential palace to begin a transfer of power. Although negotiations were tense, the government declared its willingness to peacefully surrender Kabul to the rebels, and urged civilians to remain calm. Al Arabiya reported that

1885-462: The Taliban would re-impose it as mandatory on women and target women who refused. One Kabul woman told The Guardian that female students had been evacuated from their university dormitories before the Taliban could reach them, and that university-educated women across the city were hiding their diplomas. Khalida Popal , former captain of the Afghanistan women's national football team , advised

1950-525: The Taliban's victory in the War in Afghanistan on 15 August 2021 following the recapture of Kabul and the collapse of the U.S.-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and its Afghan National Army as a whole, with the re-establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan after being out of power for 20 years. In April 1978 there was a coup, known as the Saur Revolution , orchestrated by members of

2015-565: The Taliban, and that they should abandon their positions too. Weeks before the offensive, in April 2021, the US State Department urged American civilians in Afghanistan to "leave as soon as possible on available commercial flights". On 1 May 2021, the Taliban and allied militant groups began a widespread offensive shortly after a significant portion of US troops withdrew from Afghanistan. Following its rapid defeat across

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2080-408: The Taliban. The US agreed to an initial reduction of its force level from 13,000 to 8,600 within 135 days (i.e., by July 2020), followed by a full withdrawal within 14 months (i.e., by 1 May 2021) if the Taliban kept its commitments. The US also committed to closing five military bases within 135 days, and expressed its intent to end economic sanctions on the Taliban by 27 August 2020. The deal had

2145-498: The U.S. 3rd Special Forces Group and 7th Special Forces Group rotated responsibility to train and advise in Afghanistan. While the original plan by the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) was for one brigade with six kandaks , the ANA wanted a full division with three brigades and 15 kandaks . During the 2021 Taliban offensive , 22 commandos were executed by the Taliban in

2210-486: The United States' withdrawal on 30 August, a group of about 1,000 people, including US citizens and Afghans holding American visas, were still stranded in Kabul. Two weeks later, secretary of state Antony Blinken said it was several thousand US residents and one hundred US citizens. The United States–Taliban deal , also known as the "Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan", was a peace agreement signed by

2275-505: The average number of new soldiers inducted is 120 soldiers per week not counting paramilitaries. Currently the conventional land forces of the Islamic Emirate Army are subdivided into eight corps, mostly superseding the previous corps of the former Afghan National Army. The conventional land warfare corps of the Islamic Emirate Army were renamed in November 2021 by Mullah Yaqoob , Acting Minister of Defense . They are listed below. All

2340-429: The central government. Evacuees included foreign diplomatic staff and military personnel, third-country civilians, Afghan allies and vulnerable Afghans such as journalists and human rights activists. The airlift was the largest non-combatant evacuation operation in US military history, with US military personnel transferring 79,000 civilians through the airport and out of Afghanistan over the 18-day mission. After

2405-619: The city and pressuring police to hand over their weaponry. During the fall, at least 22 Afghan Air Force planes and 24 helicopters carrying 585 Afghan military personnel fled to Uzbekistan . One Afghan A-29 Super Tucano crashed after crossing the border, with Uzbek authorities issuing conflicting reports on the cause. Two Afghan military planes carrying over 100 soldiers also landed in the Tajikistan city of Bokhtar . The Afghan Interior Ministry announced that President Ashraf Ghani would relinquish power and an interim government led by

2470-547: The city of Kabul. By 1992 the Afghan Army fragmented into regional militias under local warlords because of the fall of the Soviet Union which stopped supplying the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan's Armed Forces and later in 1992 when the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government lost power. The fall of the Moscow-backed regime in 1992 disintegrated the state as well as the army. Bits and pieces of

2535-483: The city of five million and bring havoc to the people was enormous." Ghani alleged that he did not initially plan to leave the country or even the city. He claims he first planned to take a car to the Ministry of Defense headquarters within Kabul, but the car never arrived. Instead, his national security advisor and chief of presidential security pressured him to escape the city by plane and fly to Khost , still within

2600-404: The collapse "unfold[ed] more quickly than [they] had anticipated". Between 14 and 30 August 2021, the US and its coalition partners evacuated more than 123,000 people from Afghanistan via airlifts from Kabul International Airport (known then as Hamid Karzai International Airport). During the evacuation, the airport remained under NATO and US military control despite the collapse of

2665-452: The collapse, an estimate suggested the city would fall within the week. The day before the fall, Afghanistan Policy Lab director Timor Sharan told Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty that "shopping in the city today, I felt people were gripped by a sense of being stuck; stuck in an uncertain future and never able to dream, aspire, think, and believe anymore". On 15 August 2021, the Taliban command instructed its forces to halt their advance at

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2730-583: The conscription of children in 1997, 1998 and 1999. During the civil war that preceded the Taliban regime, thousands of orphaned boys joined various militia for "employment, food, shelter, protection and economic opportunity." The report said that during its initial period the Taliban "long depended upon cohorts of youth". Witnesses stated that each land-owning family had to provide one young man and $ 500 in expenses. In August of 1999, approximately 5000 students aged between 15 and 35 left madrassas in Pakistan to join

2795-577: The conversation with Haqqani. West advised him that the suggestion to meet might be an attempt to lure Mohib into a trap. After that, Mohib was telling President Ghani: "It's time, Mr. President. We have to leave." Later that day, President Ghani and members of his family and inner circle quietly fled from Afghanistan. Their own top lieutenants, important government members, and US officials were not informed they would escape until after they had already left. When told about Ashraf Ghani fled Kabul, President Biden exploded in frustration and later said "Give Me

2860-743: The corps beyond Kabul can be definitively tied to previous Afghan National Army (ANA) formations. However the number '313' was not utilized by the ANA, in Kabul or beyond, and the only former Taliban unit with that number was the Badri 313 Battalion . Other reported units include the Victorious Force Unit and the Panipat unit . The Badri 313 Battalion , the Red Unit , and the " Yarmouk 60 Special Forces Battalion " may have some special forces capabilities. These are not to be confused with

2925-404: The country, the Afghan National Army was left in chaos, with only two units remaining operational by mid-August: the 201st Corps and 111th Division, both based in Kabul. The capital city was left encircled after Taliban forces had captured several significant cities, including Mihtarlam , Sharana , Gardez , Asadabad , as well as other districts in the east. Projections for the longevity of

2990-618: The country. Afghan Armed Forces The Afghan Armed Forces , officially the Armed Forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan ( Pashto : د اسلامي امارت وسله وال ځواکونه , Dari : نیروهای مسلح امارت اسلامی افغانستان) and also referred to as the Islamic Emirate Armed Forces , is the military of Afghanistan , commanded by the Taliban government from 1997 to 2001 and since August 2021. According to Afghanistan's Ministry of Defense , its total manpower

3055-522: The country. However, once they were in the air, it was clear that "Khost had fallen and so had Jalalabad ." Only then, Ghani alleges, did he realize he was going to leave Afghanistan. Kabul's presidential palace, the Arg , was evacuated by helicopters. Meanwhile, Taliban co-founder Abdul Ghani Baradar arrived at the Hamid Karzai International Airport to prepare the takeover of government. At 8:55 p.m. local time,

3120-500: The fragmented military either disappeared or joined the warring factions that were locked in a drawn-out power struggle. The warring factions were composed of odd assortments of armed groups with varying levels of loyalties, political commitment, professional skills, and organizational integrity. After the fall of Mohammad Najibullah 's regime in 1992, the various Afghan political parties began to assemble their own more formal armed forces. By February 1992 Massoud's Jamiat-i-Islami had

3185-574: The gates of Kabul, declaring that they would not seize the city by force. Muhammad Nasir Haqqani, a Taliban commander, said that when he arrived at the city's gates, he did not find a single soldier or policemen in sight. Locals reported that Taliban fighters were advancing into the urban areas regardless of their official orders. The insurgents then captured the Pul-e-Charkhi prison and released all inmates, reportedly including Islamic State – Khorasan Province and Al-Qaeda militants. During

3250-547: The government loyal to the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). This led to a full-scale Soviet invasion in December 1979 by the 40th Army , plus the 103rd Guards Airborne Division . In 1981 the total strength of the Afghan Armed Forces was around 85,000 troops according to The New York Times . The Afghan Army had around 35–40,000 soldiers, mostly conscripts; the Afghan Air Force had around 7,000 personnel; and

3315-560: The mujahideen rebel attacks continued and grew in intensity. For several years the Afghan Armed Forces had actually increased their effectiveness past levels ever achieved during the Soviet military presence. The eleven-year Siege of Khost ended with the city's fall in March 1991. But the government was dealt a major blow when Abdul Rashid Dostum , a leading general, switched allegiances to the mujahideen forces in 1992 and together they captured

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3380-472: The mujahideen, Turkey sold its World War II stockpiles, and the British and Swiss provided Blowpipe missiles and Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns respectively, after they were found to be poor models for their own forces. China provided the most relevant weapons, likely due to their own experience with guerrilla warfare , and kept meticulous record of all the shipments. Following the Soviet withdrawal in 1989

3445-457: The old regime, there is hardly any organizational or professional continuity from the past. But these units really exist in name only ... in fact only their military bases still exist, accommodating and supporting an assortment of militia groups. During the 1990s the Taliban's air force had five supersonic MiG-21MFs and 10 Sukhoi-22 fighter-bombers. They also had six Mil Mi-8 helicopters, five Mi-35s , five L-39Cs , six An-12s , 25 An-26s ,

3510-544: The political legitimacy or administrative efficiency of a state. The militia formations they command are composed of odd assortments of armed groups with varying level of loyalties, political commitment, professional skills, and organizational integrity. Many of them feel free to switch sides, shift loyalties, and join or leave the group spontaneously. The country suffers from the absence of a top political layer capable of controlling individual and group violence. ... Although both sides identify their units with military formations of

3575-559: The regional ANA corps, give them special training and equipment, and reorganise them based on the 75th Ranger Regiment of the United States Army. Each battalion was assigned to one of the six regional corps. Training was conducted at the Morehead Commando Training Center ( Rish Khor camp ), a longtime former Afghan Army installation located ten kilometres (six miles) south of Kabul . The camp

3640-470: The removal of the Taliban government in late 2001, private armies loyal to warlords gained more and more influence. In mid-2001, Ali Jalali wrote: The army (as a state institution, organized, armed, and commanded by the state) does not exist in Afghanistan today. Neither the Taliban-led "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" nor the "Islamic State of Afghanistan" headed by the ousted President Rabbani has

3705-538: The restoration of Taliban rule and reported feeling betrayed and abandoned by the Ghani government and NATO allies; a minority of residents celebrated the Taliban advance. It was reported that sales of burqas (known as chadaree in Afghanistan) climbed in the days leading to the Taliban's arrival, with the price of one increasing from ؋ 200 to as much as ؋ 3,000 (approximately US$ 2.50 to $ 37.25), in fear that

3770-532: The skirmishes, the Taliban were reported to have killed around 150 IS-K militants, including the former chief Mawlawi Zia ul-Haq (also known as Abu Omar Khorasani). Bagram Airfield and the Parwan Detention Facility , which held 5,000 prisoners, also fell to the Taliban. When they finally entered Kabul, Taliban fighters faced little to no resistance from the Afghan National Security Forces . The fighters began raising their flag throughout

3835-684: The total of all military personnel was around 87,000 in 1984. Throughout the 1980s, the Afghan Armed Forces was heavily involved in fighting against the mujahideen rebel groups who were largely backed by the United States and trained by the Pakistan Armed Forces . The rebel groups were fighting to force the Soviet Union to withdraw from Afghanistan as well as to remove the Soviet-backed government of President Mohammad Najibullah . Due to large number of defectors,

3900-420: The various armed movements there that had squabbled since the dissolution of the previous Afghan Army and Afghan Air Force . They moved to confront Ahmed Shah Massoud 's forces by marching to the gates of Kabul in March 1995. During the 1990s the Taliban maintained 400 T-54/55 and T-62 tanks and more than 200 armoured personnel carriers. The Taliban also began training its own army and commanders. After

3965-405: The weapons that were not damaged during the decades of wars are still being used today. Weapons supplies were made available to the mujahideen rebel groups through numerous countries; the United States purchased all of Israel's captured Soviet weapons clandestinely, and then funnelled the weapons to the mujahideen rebels, while Egypt upgraded their own Army's weapons, and sent the older weapons to

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4030-433: The women's national team players to burn their uniforms to avoid reprisals. Shops in the city were noted to have begun painting over and removing advertisements featuring women, and public posters featuring women were vandalized. Residents reported a large increase in food prices. It was reported that a significant number of vendors in Kabul were attempting to liquidate their stocks in hopes of raising enough money to escape

4095-517: Was captured by the Taliban after a major insurgent offensive that began in May 2021. It was the final action of the War in Afghanistan , and marked a total victory for the Taliban. This led to the overthrowing of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under President Ashraf Ghani and the reinstatement of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan under the control of the Taliban. The United States–Taliban deal , signed on 29 February 2020,

4160-462: Was less concern about these as traditional interceptors as there was about them eventually being loaded with explosives and used to suicide bomb American encampments. After the re-establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and the fall of Kabul during the 2021 Taliban offensive , the Taliban established the Air Force of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan . This was also referred to as

4225-512: Was reported as being in either Wardak Province or Kabul Province . The 12-week course ran three separate training programmes for different parts of the nascent unit at the same time. The primary and bulk of the training was geared for the infantry toli (company), with a focus on individual skills and small unit tactics. To support the fighting companies, the headquarters and headquarters toli received other training such as in mortars, medical care, and communications. The third section focused on

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