This is an accepted version of this page
34-921: Coordinates : 51°06′17″N 17°04′28″E / 51.1048°N 17.0745°E / 51.1048; 17.0745 Zoo in Wrocław, Poland Africarium [REDACTED] The largest tank of the Afrykarium shows the depths of the Mozambique Channel , where sharks, rays, and other large pelagic fish can be viewed from this 18 meter long underwater acrylic tunnel . [REDACTED] 51°06′17″N 17°04′28″E / 51.1048°N 17.0745°E / 51.1048; 17.0745 Date opened 2014 Location Wrocław , Poland Website zoo .wroclaw .pl /en /africarium .html The Africarium ( Polish : Afrykarium )
68-505: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
102-460: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
136-608: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
170-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
204-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
238-480: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
272-522: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
306-596: Is a oceanarium in Wrocław , Poland , devoted to exhibiting the fauna of Africa . It is part of the Wrocław Zoo . The idea behind the Africarium is to comprehensively present selected ecosystems from the continent of Africa . The Africarium houses multiple species of fish, hippos, African fur seals, manatees and many others. The zoo houses over 10 thousand animals, its breadth extends from housing insects such cockroaches to
340-469: Is also one of the spaces of BWA Wrocław Gallery , the location of Galeria ArtBrut, TYC ART Gallery, GG Gallery & Atelier, Surowiec Club, TIFF Festival, and many other events. In order to emphasize the uniqueness of this area, the Wrocław Development Office came up with an idea to develop it and to create a cultural path of four temples, which will connect all the temples and will become
374-801: Is an area of the Old Town in Wrocław , Poland, between Kazimierza Wielkiego, Św. Antoniego, Pawła Włodkowica and Św. Mikołaja streets. The name has been used since 1995 on the initiative of ( Catholic , Orthodox , and Protestant ) Christian clergy together with Jerzy Kichler, an activist from the Polish Jewish community . Though called a district, the area is not and has never been an actual administrative district of Wrocław. The area has four places of worship for different denominations in close proximity. These are: The faithful of four denominations organize common charity events, educational meetings for children, and ecumenical prayers to bring closer
SECTION 10
#1732772054380408-505: Is different from Wikidata Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing Polish-language text Pages using the Kartographer extension Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It
442-456: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
476-659: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Four Denominations District The Four Denominations District
510-409: Is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in
544-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
578-750: The EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
612-481: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
646-526: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
680-506: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
714-729: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
SECTION 20
#1732772054380748-536: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
782-592: The Pegasus National Forum of Music Elsewhere Sky Tower Szczytnicki Park Wrocław Exhibition Grounds Centennial Hall Wrocław Multimedia Fountain Wrocław Zoo Africarium Wroclavia Wrocław Stadium Museums Hydropolis Museum of Architecture Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław Museum of
816-1146: The University of Wrocław National Museum Ossolineum Transport Wrocław Airport Trams in Wrocław Wrocław Główny railway station Wrocław central bus station Other Coat of arms History of Wrocław Timeline Battle of Psie Pole Siege of Breslau Universities and colleges Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africarium&oldid=1253697434 " Categories : 2014 establishments in Poland Buildings and structures in Wrocław Zoos in Poland Tourist attractions in Wrocław Oceanaria Fauna of Africa Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description
850-577: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
884-720: The cultural and religious diversity of the city. It is one of the city's tourist attractions. Other notable places in the neighborhood include the Cristal Planet sculpture, open-air gallery of neon signs, New Horizons movie theater (Wratislavia Tower), the Royal Palace near the Protestant church, the Wrocław Jewish Community building, the Small Synagogue, and historical passages. The area
918-649: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
952-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
986-474: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
1020-961: The large mammals like the elephants on an area of over 33 hectares . References [ edit ] ^ Isler, Danuta. "A trip to Wroclaw Afrykarium" . Radio Poland. v t e Wrocław Boroughs Old Town Downtown Krzyki Fabryczna Psie Pole [REDACTED] Attractions Historic city center Racławice Panorama Renoma Wrocław Dwarfs Wrocław Old Town Market Square Wrocław Town Hall Bear Fountain Aleksander Fredro Monument Bastion Sakwowy St. Elizabeth's Church Cathedral Island Wrocław Cathedral Sand Island Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene Four Denominations District White Stork Synagogue Wrocław University Royal Palace Cupid on
1054-781: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
Africarium - Misplaced Pages Continue
1088-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
1122-595: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
1156-463: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
#379620