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24-807: Al-Ahsa or Al-Hasa may refer to: Al-Ahsa Eyalet , or Lahsa Eyalet, a subdivision of the Ottoman Empire, now part of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Qatar Al-Ahsa Oasis , an oasis and historical region in eastern Saudi Arabia. Al-Ahsa Governorate , a governorate in Saudi Arabia Hofuf , or Al-Ahsa or Al-Hasa, a major city Al-Ahsa International Airport , Hofuf Wadi al-Hasa , in Jordan See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Al-Ahsa Ahsa (disambiguation) Hasa (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

48-558: A new war against Iran began in 1578. The governor-general Ahmed Bey made himself unpopular with the people, and was overthrown in 1580 after two years of tumultuous rule. Shortly after peace was signed with Shah Abbas in September 1591, the governor-general of Lahsa was granted permission to conquer Bahrain, but no action was taken by Lahsa. The Ottomans gave the shaikhs of the Banu Khalid administrative titles and salaries, but

72-415: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Al-Ahsa Eyalet The area was occupied by Ottoman forces in the middle of the 16th century, and it would be administered by them, with varying degrees of effectiveness, for the next 130 years. The beglerbegilik of Al-Hasa was established in 1552, primarily to protect Basra 's trade with India, since

96-687: The Battle of Torches . With that victory, the Ottomans had consolidated control as far as the Caspian, including the Safavid possessions of Dagestan and Azerbaijan until the end of the war. The reverses that the Safavids suffered on the battlefield also intensified several internal factional power struggles, in which Mirza Salman and Hamza Mirza were assassinated by assassins of the other faction within

120-664: The Persian Gulf , raiding Al-Katif in 1552, 1559 and 1573. By 1566, attempts were made to establish peaceful relationships with the Portuguese in the Hormuz base. In 1568 the Ottomans made further naval preparations to capture Bahrain, but the rebellion in Yemen in the same year curbed all such plans. Later on, the Ottomans made new preparations at Al-Hasa to take Bahrain, but in general they remained defensive, especially when

144-587: The Ottomans started the attack, effectively starting the war. The Ottomans started the war, with the objective of conquering Azerbaijan and the Caucasus . They invaded the Safavids' Caucasian territories through Ardahan , taking Akhaltsikhe in August 1576, Tiflis in August 1578 , and Kars and Tabriz in 1585, while pressing Kartli to become a tributary vassal of the Ottoman Empire. The Safavids, who were left unable to conduct effective campaigns on both

168-716: The Ottomans to make a combined attack from two fronts, as well as the Ottoman clergy that pushed the sultan to step us as the rightful defender of the Sunni's in the Safavid Empire. The latter pleaded that the sultan should seize the opportunity of Safavid weakness in order to bring a complete end to Shiism in Persia and its territories. When the Uzbeks started to attack the Safavids' far eastern territories comprising Khorasan ,

192-604: The Ottomans, Abbas could settle matters in his crumbling state first, which had been neglected for so long by his father Mohammad Khodabanda. After having the matters settled and the state and military significantly reorganised, Abbas would declare war again on the Ottomans in 1603, crushingly defeating them and reconquering all lost territories by the Treaty of Istanbul. The advent of the Ottoman-Safavid war temporarily deflected Ottoman interest from European affairs, where

216-523: The Portuguese were making raids on the coasts and shipping in the Persian Gulf . By March 1552, garrisons had been introduced in Lahsa, the largest town in the region. The first land survey of the newly occupied province began before September 1553. For the first few years of occupation, Lahsa was administered as a district of Basra. By 1560, the district officer was promoted to governor-general. The first attempted invasion of Bahrain from Lahsa by Ottomans

240-609: The Uzbeks had concluded their own problems back in Central Asia, and had started to attack the Safavids' eastern provinces once again. It appeared that the very existence of the Safavid state was now in question. In 1588, the Ottoman commander Farhād Pasha advanced into Karabakh through Georgia. Many of the Turkic Qizilbash tribes, which formed the backbone of the Safavid military, submitted without any significant resistance in order to protect their own interests. In

264-551: The Uzbeks had seized swaths of its eastern territories. Therefore, in order to settle matters at home first and to defeat the Uzbeks, he decided to sign a humiliating peace treaty on 21 March 1590, by which the war ended. The main battles and events of the war included: A peace of Istanbul was concluded on 21 March 1590, in which Iran was forced to confirm these Ottoman conquests, as well as promising to end Shiite propaganda in Ottoman territories and persecution of Sunnis in its own lands. By ceding many of its integral regions to

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288-535: The Uzbeks were forced to retreat due to problems with the Kirghiz-Kazakh tribes of Central Asia. As a result of this, the Georgian princes which had fallen under Ottoman rule several years before, now changed their allegiance back to Safavid Iran, which they demonstrated by killing large numbers of Sunnis. Nevertheless, the war headed for an Ottoman victory, which was becoming clearer and clearer following

312-539: The assassination of the Safavid generals Mirza Salman Jaberi and Hamza Mirza. Following these turns of events and internal chaos in the Safavid state, the Ottomans headed towards the eventual victory in 1590. At the Sublime Porte , Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha was constantly urging against another war, but was overridden by the Sultan. The sultan however, pushed by the pro-war activists, decided to start

336-524: The attack. Following Shah Tahmasp I 's death, the central government in Qazvin had not been stable yet. The sultan saw it as a unique opportunity to conquer once again the territories that had been conquered by Suleiman the Magnificent over Safavid Iran decades earlier, but was not able to hold them for long. The sentiment for war was once again fueled by the fact that the Uzbeks had made an appeal to

360-425: The chaos. The war, despite swift Ottoman victories in the first few years and large amounts of support from the Ottoman vassal Crimean Khanate during several stages of the war, eventually becoming geo-politically and military relatively stable for several years with both parties losing and winning smaller battles till around 1580. It eventually had a turning point following the Battle of Torches on 7–11 May 1583 and

384-515: The court, with Hamza Mirza, son of Mohammad Khodabanda, being assassinated on 10 December 1587. With their deaths, the war efforts of the Safavids deteriorated even more. In 1585, an Ottoman force under Osman Pasha had managed to take Tabriz , which would remain under Ottoman rule for the next two decades. In 1587, Ottoman forces under the Governor of Baghdad, Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha , managed to take Luristan and Hamadan . That same year,

408-536: The eastern and western fronts, were met with repeated setbacks that forced them back into Iran's heartlands. The seizure of much of the Caucasus had now given the Ottomans a direct land route from the east with their allied Crimean Khanate . Shirvan fell before the end of the summer of 1578, by which fact the Ottomans had now control of almost all territories west of the Caspian Sea coast, and it also opened

432-589: The face of all these difficulties -and even a staged coup in Qazvin by Murshi Quli Khan , of the Ustalju Qizilbash clan- Mohammad Khodabanda decided to abdicate, favouring the throne to his son Shah Abbas I (who would be later be known as Abbas the Great ). At the time he took over, all Iranian provinces in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and even in western Iran were occupied by the Ottomans, while

456-534: The mainland in March or April 1560. With the withdrawal of most of the garrison, the Bani Khalid Emirate leaders, the erstwhile rulers of the area, used the opportunity to rebel against the Ottomans, occupying Lahsa and establishing Mubarraz as headquarters. Order was restored with the arrival of a new governor-general and new troops. The Portuguese squadron in Hormuz then controlled all traffic in

480-450: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Al-Ahsa . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ahsa&oldid=1255281578 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

504-731: The tribe never submitted totally to the Ottoman jurisdiction. In 1669-1670, under the leadership of Barrak ibn Ghurayr ibn Uthman , the Al-Humaid section of the Banu Khalid tribe was finally able to defeat the Ottoman garrison at al-Ahsa in battle, leaving the administration no chance but to withdraw peacefully from al-Ahsa. The Banu Khalid set up an independent state, the Bani Khalid Emirate , in 1670. Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid War (1578%E2%80%9390) Ottoman victory The Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) or Ottoman–Iranian War of 1578–1590 ( Persian : جنگ ایران و عثمانی ۱۵۹۰–۱۵۷۸ , romanized :  Jange Irân va Osmânī 1578–1590 )

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528-403: The way for an attack on what is nowadays the core of Armenia and Azerbaijan , which were subsequently attacked in 1579 by a large contingent of Crimean Tatars , led by Adil Giray, but he was captured in a remarkable counterattack led by Mirza Salman Jaberi and Hamza Mirza , and later executed in Qazvin , the Safavid capital at that time. In the meanwhile, on the far eastern Safavid front,

552-406: Was made in the summer of 1559, when an invasion force of 600-1,000 men was despatched by Mustafa Pasha, governor-general of Lahsa, who acted on his own, presumably to impress Sultan Suleiman . It ended with disastrous results: the surrender of the Ottoman forces, and their withdrawal after the payment of a ransom of 1 million akçe . Mustafa Pasha died (how is not explained), but the men returned to

576-463: Was one of the many wars between the neighboring arch rivals of Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire . Starting with several years prior to the war and up to including most of the war itself, the Safavids were experiencing significant domestic issues and rivalling noble factions within the court since the death of Shah Tahmasp I . The Ottomans decided to declare war in 1577–1578 to exploit

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