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41-574: The name is derived from Ossetian Uællag 'Upper' and Ir 'Ossetia'. The town was established in 1850 by Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov , the Viceroy of the Caucasus , near an ancient silver / lead mine in the nearby Alagir Gorge . It was built up as a fortification around a smelting plant and became a major mining center. By the end of the 19th century, it had been increasingly populated by Georgians and Russians who came to work there. During

82-711: A municipal division , the town of Alagir (without the rural localities) is incorporated within Alagirsky Municipal District as Alagirskoye Urban Settlement . The town's economy is still dominated by mining and mineral extraction, but it also has significant woodworking, canning, and manufacturing industries. Major ethnic groups comprising the town's population, as of 2002, are: Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov ( Russian : Князь Михаил Семёнович Воронцов ; 30 May [ O.S. 19] 1782 – 18 November [ O.S. 6] 1856)

123-541: A Russian attack on Akhaltsikhe failed due to an outbreak of plague. In 1811 Tormasov was recalled at his own request and replaced by Paulucci in Transcaucasia, Rtishchev taking over the Northern Line. In 1811 more troops were withdrawn to deal with the expected threat of Napoleon. Turks and Persians agreed on a joint attack toward Gyumri. They met at ’Magasberd’ {location?} on 30Aug11. There a Kurd assassinated

164-562: A daughter of Count Franciszek Ksawery Branicki and Aleksandra von Engelhardt (a member of the powerful Engelhardt family ). Her brother was Count Władysław Grzegorz Branicki who married Countess Róża Potocka (daughter of Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki ). His wife reportedly had a liaison with Alexander Pushkin during her stay in Odessa , which resulted in some of the finest poems in the Russian language. Together, Mikhail and Elisabeth were

205-625: A persistent Russian bombardment but also from malnutrition and disease. A ceasefire was agreed upon on 25 October and approximately three weeks later on 14 November 1811, Ahmed Pasha agreed to a truce and formally surrendered to Kutuzov. The magnitude of the Turkish defeat with 36,000 casualties, ended the war along the Danube and led to peace negotiations ultimately resulting in the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest on 28 May 1812. Six years of war on

246-694: A summer residence for 9 million roubles . The palace is located at the foot of the Crimean Mountains near the town of Alupka in Crimea . Today, it is one of the oldest and largest palaces in Crimea and one of the most popular tourist attractions on Crimea's southern coast. It was designed in a loose interpretation of the English Renaissance revival style by English architect Edward Blore and his assistant William Hunt. The building

287-547: Is a hybrid of several architectural styles, but faithful to none. Among those styles are elements of Scottish Baronial , Indo-Saracenic Revival Architecture , and Gothic Revival architecture. The house stayed in the family until four years after the October Revolution when it was nationalised in 1921 and converted into a museum. A statue of Prince Vorontsov was unveiled in Odesa in 1863. On 11 November 2023

328-702: The Russian Civil War , in January 1919, Alagir was a scene of intense fighting, which resulted in heavy casualties in Georgian population and difficult flight of the survivors through the mountainous passes into Georgia . The Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin commented on the incident, blaming "counter-revolutionaries" for atrocities in Alagir, which Georgians tend to attribute to the Ossetian radicals. Alagir

369-801: The Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire was one of the Russo-Turkish Wars . Russia prevailed, but both sides wanted peace as they feared Napoleon 's moves to the east . The war broke out against the background of the Napoleonic Wars . In 1806, Sultan Selim III , encouraged by the Russian defeat at Austerlitz and advised by the French Empire , deposed the pro-Russian Constantine Ypsilantis as Hospodar of

410-576: The Serasker of Erzurum and this caused the forces to break up. Paulucci sent Pyotr Kotlyarevsky against Akhalkalaki. He made a forced march over the snow-covered mountains, avoiding the main roads, attacked at night, and had storming parties on the walls before the Turks knew the Russians were there. By the morning of 10 December he held the fort with a loss of only 30 killed and wounded. For this he

451-514: The 4,000 men in his division, only 300 survived the battle. Vorontsov was wounded but recovered to rejoin the army in 1813. He commanded a new grenadiers division and fought at the Battle of Dennewitz and the Battle of Leipzig . He was the commander of the corps of occupation in France from 1815 to 1818. On 7 May 1823 he was appointed governor-general of New Russia , as the southern provinces of

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492-475: The Army, where he was thought to be the direct successor of Suvorov . Kutuzov's first action upon taking command was to reduce the size of the garrisons in the fortresses along the Danube and retreat back into Wallachia. The Russian withdrawal induced the Turks to launch a counter-offensive to recapture lost territory. In the spring of 1811, 60,000 Turkish troops led by Grand Vizier Ahmed Pasha gathered at Šumnu ,

533-642: The Dardanelles to Russian ships and declared war on Russia. Initially, Emperor Alexander I was reluctant to concentrate large forces against the Ottoman Empire while his relations with Napoleonic France were still uncertain and the main part of his army was occupied fighting against Napoleon in Prussia . A massive Ottoman offensive aimed at Russian-occupied Bucharest , the Wallachian capital,

574-628: The Napoleonic Wars and was present at the battles of Pułtusk and Friedland . From 1809 to 1811 he participated in the Russo-Turkish War . He commanded the composite grenadiers division in Prince Petr Bagration 's Second Western Army during Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812. At the Battle of Borodino , his division was on the front line and was attacked by three French divisions under Marshal Davout . Of

615-595: The Principality of Wallachia and Alexander Mourousis as Hospodar of Moldavia , both Ottoman vassal states. Simultaneously, the French Empire occupied Dalmatia and threatened to penetrate the Danubian principalities at any time. In order to safeguard the Russian border against a possible French attack, a 40,000-strong Russian contingent advanced into Moldavia and Wallachia. The Sultan reacted by blocking

656-511: The Treaty, the Ottoman Empire ceded the eastern half of Moldavia to Russia (which renamed the territory to Bessarabia ), specifically, the territories east of Danube and Prut rivers, even though the Ottoman Empire had committed to protecting that region. Russia became a new power in the lower Danube area, and had an economically, diplomatically, and militarily profitable frontier. In Transcaucasia , Turkey regained nearly all it had lost in

697-416: The Turkish troops in a surprise attack. The Turks panicked and scattered, suffering 2,000 casualties. Thereafter, the Russian forces completely enveloped the Turkish bridgehead on the left bank of the Danube and initiated an all-out artillery attack. For approximately six weeks, the Russians sieged and bombarded the Turkish bridgehead. Surrounded with their supply lines cut, the Turks suffered not only from

738-527: The Turks were preparing to attack the Russians in the Rusçuk fortress, Kutuzov ordered his forces to cross the Danube and retreat back into Wallachia. Believing that the Russians were trying to escape, Ahmed Pasha decided to launch an attack. On 28 August, 36,000 Turkish troops began to cross the Danube River to assault the Russians. The Turkish force established a fortified bridgehead on the left bank of

779-1248: The church in 2005. Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812 [REDACTED]   Russian Empire [REDACTED] Principality of Mingrelia [REDACTED] Principality of Guria [REDACTED] Principality of Abkhazia [REDACTED] Moldavia [REDACTED] Wallachia [REDACTED]   Revolutionary Serbia [REDACTED]   Ottoman Empire [REDACTED] Emperor Alexander I [REDACTED] Alexander Prozorovsky [REDACTED] Pyotr Bagration [REDACTED] Giorgio Giovanni Zuccato   † [REDACTED] Nikolay Kamensky [REDACTED] Mikhail Kutuzov [REDACTED] Dmitry Senyavin [REDACTED] Mikhail Miloradovich [REDACTED] Ivan Gudovich [REDACTED] Nino of Mingrelia [REDACTED] Levan V Dadiani [REDACTED] Kelesh Ahmed-Bey Shervashidze [REDACTED] Aslan-Bey Shervashidze [REDACTED] Veniamin Costache [REDACTED] Constantine Ypsilantis [REDACTED] Mamia V Gurieli [REDACTED] Karađorđe 1808 1809 1810 1811 The Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) between

820-443: The dangerous forests of Ichkeria , he was raised to the dignity of prince, with the title of Serene Highness. In the beginning of 1853, Vorontsov was allowed to retire because of his increasing infirmities. He was made a field-marshal in 1856, and died the same year at Odessa. His archives were published, in 40 volumes, by Pyotr Bartenev between 1870 and 1897. Vorontsov was married to Polish Countess Elżbieta "Elisabeth" Branicka ,

861-638: The east: Poti, Anapa and Akhalkalali. Russia retained Sukhum-Kale on the Abkhazian coast. In return, the Sultan accepted the Russian annexation of the Kingdom of Imereti , in 1810. The treaty was approved by Alexander I of Russia on June 11, some 13 days before Napoleon's invasion of Russia began. The commanders were able to get many of the Russian soldiers in the Balkans back to the western areas before

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902-612: The eastern front left the border unchanged. Fighting here was more serious than during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 , but it was still a sideshow to the main action. Russia crossed the Caucasus and annexed Georgia, the western half of which had been nominally Turkish. It also had taken the Persian vassal khanates along the Caspian coast and east of Georgia. The area around modern Armenia ( Erivan Khanate and Nakhichevan Khanate )

943-414: The empire were then called, and namestnik of Bessarabia . In the year of the start of the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 , Vorontsov succeeded the wounded Menshikov as commander of the forces besieging Varna , which he captured on 28 September 1828. It was through his energetic efforts that the plague , which had broken out in the Ottoman Empire , did not penetrate into Russia. In 1844, Vorontsov

984-518: The hostilities were renewed by the brothers Nikolay and Sergei Kamensky , who defeated the Ottoman reinforcement heading for Silistra and ousted the Turks from Hacıoğlu Pazarcık (May 22). The position of Silistra now appeared hopeless, and the garrison surrendered on May, 30. Ten days later, Kamensky laid siege to another strong fortress, Shumla (or Schumen). His storm of the citadel was repelled at great loss of life, and more bloodshed ensued during

1025-423: The inevitable renewal of hostilities between the countries. The Russian Empire found that she needed to end the southern war quickly in order to concentrate on dealing with Napoleon. In such a situation, Tsar Alexander appointed his disfavoured general Mikhail Kutuzov to be the new commander of the Russian force. Alexander might not like Kutuzov, but he needed Kutuzov's intelligence, his talent and his prestige in

1066-587: The monumental status of this sculpture was scrapped in order to comply with 2023 derussification-laws . In front of the statue stands the Transfiguration Cathedral with the marble tombs of Prince Vorontsov and his wife. After the Soviets demolished the cathedral in 1936, Vorontsov's remains were secretly reburied in a local cemetery. The cathedral was rebuilt in the early 2000s. The remains of Vorontsov and his wife were solemnly transferred to

1107-488: The offensive, failed three times to take Gyumri and then were completely defeated by Gudovich ( Battle of Arpachai ). He was congratulated by the Shah, an interesting comment on the relations between the two Muslim empires. Gudovich was replaced by Count Tormasov who arrived about April 1809. In 1810 Poti on the coast was captured. A Turkish invasion was blocked by General Paulucci under the walls of Akhalkalaki. In November 1810

1148-599: The parents of: Prince Vorontsov died on 18 November 1856 in Odessa. As his son died without issue, his grandson through his daughter Sofya, Count Mikhail Andreyevich Shuvalov (1850–1903), inherited the title of Prince Vorontsov. Upon his death, without issue in 1903, the Vorontsov fortune passed to his elder sister, Countess Elizabeth Andreevna Shuvalova (1845–1924), who had married Count Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov . Between 1828 and 1848, Vorontsov built Vorontsov Palace as

1189-418: The river near the small village of Slobozia where they were quickly surrounded by two divisions of Kutuzov's army. The remaining 20,000 men of Ahmed Pasha's army remained at the Turkish field camp on the right bank near Rusçuk where they guarded the munitions and supplies. On the night of 1 October 1811, however, a Russian detachment of 7,500 men secretly crossed the Danube. In the morning the Russians overwhelmed

1230-409: The storming of the Danubian port of Rousse (or Rustchuk) on 22 July. The latter fortress did not fall to the Russians until 9 September, after Kamensky's army had surprised and routed a huge Turkish detachment at Batin on 26 August. On 26 October, Kamensky again defeated a 40,000-strong army of Osman Pasha at Vidin. The Russians lost only 1,500 men, compared with 10,000 for their opponents. However,

1271-518: The strongest fortress in Ottoman Bulgaria and set out on a campaign to confront Kutuzov's army. Kutuzov's army was also large with 46,000 soldiers, however, he was responsible for protecting the full 600 mile Danube River border between Wallachia and Ottoman Bulgaria. On 22 June 1811, the two forces met in battle at Rusçuk on the Danube. After a long struggle, the Russians successfully repelled Ahmed Pasha's larger army. A few days later as

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1312-473: The young Nikolay Kamensky caught a serious illness on February 4, 1811 and died soon thereafter, left the army under the command of Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron . To this point, although the Russians had won many battles, they had failed to achieve any important victories that would force the Ottomans to end the war. Furthermore, relationship between France and Russia quickly became strained, pointing to

1353-706: Was a Russian nobleman and field-marshal, renowned for his success in the Napoleonic Wars and most famous for his participation in the Caucasian War from 1844 to 1853. Vorontsov was born on 30 May 1782, in Saint Petersburg in the Russian Empire . He was the only son of Ekaterina Alekseevna Seniavina and Count Semyon Vorontsov . Mikail and his sister, Catherine (who later became the wife of George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke ), spent their childhood and youth with his father in London, where his father

1394-492: Was appointed commander-in-chief and viceroy of the Caucasus (for military details see Murid War ). At the Battle of Dargo (1845) , he was nearly defeated and barely fought his way out of the Chechen forest. By 1848 he had captured two-thirds of Dagestan , and the situation of the Russians in the Caucasus, so long almost desperate, was steadily improving. For his campaign against Shamil , and for his difficult march through

1435-516: Was augmented to 80,000 and the hostilities were resumed, the 76-year-old commander-in-chief Prozorovsky made little progress in more than a year. In August 1809 he was eventually succeeded by Prince Bagration , who promptly crossed the Danube and overran Dobruja . Bagration proceeded to lay siege to Silistra but, on hearing that the 50,000-strong Turkish army approached the city, deemed it wise to evacuate Dobruja and retreat to Bessarabia. In 1810,

1476-465: Was deposed . The Ottoman fleet was destroyed the following month in the Battle of Athos , thus establishing Russian supremacy at sea. At this point the war might have ended, if it were not for the Peace of Tilsit . The Russian Emperor, constrained by Napoleon to sign an armistice with the Turks, used the time of peace to transfer more Russian soldiers from Prussia to Bessarabia . After the southern army

1517-810: Was granted town status in 1938. During World War II , on November 5, 1942, the German III Panzer Corps and Romanian 2nd Mountain Division (under von Kleist ) captured the town and held it until it was recovered by the Soviet forces in early January 1943. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Alagir serves as the administrative center of Alagirsky District . As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities , incorporated within Alagirsky District as Alagir Town Under District Jurisdiction . As

1558-413: Was promoted to major-general at the age of 29. On 21 February 1812 5000 Turks failed to re-take Akhalkalaki. Three days later they were defeated at Parghita {location?}. Paulucci was sent west to command troops against Napoleon, and Rtishchev became commander of forces on both sides of the Caucasus mountains. Russia decided to make peace, which was signed by the Treaty of Bucharest (1812) . According to

1599-555: Was promptly checked at Obilesti by as few as 4,500 soldiers commanded by Mikhail Miloradovich (June 2, 1807). In Armenia , the 7,000-strong contingent of Count Gudovich destroyed the Turkish force of 20,000 at Arpachai (June 18). In the meantime, the Russian Imperial Navy under Dmitry Senyavin blockaded the Dardanelles and defeated the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of the Dardanelles , after which Selim III

1640-622: Was still Persian. Russia was also at war with Persia but the Turks and Persians did not help each other. A large part of the Russian army was tied up because of Napoleon's threat in the west. The Russian Viceroys were 1806: Ivan Gudovich , 1809: Alexander Tormasov , 1811: Filippo Paulucci , 1812: Nikolay Rtishchev . Fighting with Turkey began in 1807 with the swift seizure of Anapa by Admiral Pustoshkin. Gudovich led his main force toward Akhaltsikhe but lost 900 men while trying to storm Akhalkalaki and withdrew to Georgia. Secondary campaigns against Kars and Poti also failed. The Turks took

1681-538: Was the Russian Ambassador to Great Britain . He was the nephew of Imperial Chancellor Alexander Vorontsov , Elizaveta Vorontsova and Princess Dashkova , a friend of Catherine the Great and a conspirator in the coup d'état that deposed Tsar Peter III and put his wife on the throne. From 1803 to 1804, he served in the Caucasus under Pavel Tsitsianov and Gulyakov. From 1805 to 1807, he served in

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