A județ ( pronounced [ʒuˈdets] , plural județe [ʒuˈdetse] ) is an administrative division in Romania , and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova .
15-553: Alba County ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈalba] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania located in the historic region of Transylvania . Its capital is Alba Iulia , a city with a population of 63,536. "Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the city of Alba Iulia. In Hungarian , the county is known as Fehér megye (fehér also meaning white), and in German as Kreis Karlsburg . This county has
30-666: A level of administrative subdivision in Romania and Moldova , roughly equivalent to city in some English-speaking countries . In Romania, this status is given to towns that are large and urbanized; at present, there are 103 municipii . There is no clear benchmark regarding the status of municipiu even though it applies to localities which have a sizeable population, usually above 15,000, and extensive urban infrastructure. Localities that do not meet these loose guidelines are classified only as towns ( orașe ), or if they are not urban areas, as communes ( comune ). Cities are governed by
45-471: A mayor and local council. There are no official administrative subdivisions of cities even though, unofficially, municipalities may be divided into quarters/districts ( cartiere in Romanian ). The exception to this is Bucharest , which has a status similar to that of a county, and is officially subdivided into six administrative sectors . In Moldova, which has thirteen municipii , a 2002 law provides that
60-624: A total area of 6,242 km (2,410 sq mi), with mountains occupying about 59% of its surface. The Apuseni Mountains are in the northwest; the northeastern side of the Parâng Mountains group – the Șureanu and Cindrel mountains – are in the south. In the east there is the Transylvanian Plateau with deep but wide valleys. The three main elements are separated by the Mureș River valley. The main rivers are
75-506: Is etymologically rooted in the Latin "judicium", and is therefore cognate to other administrative institutions like the Sardinian giudicati , or terms like jurisdiction and judge . In Romanian, the term județ does not take an initial capital unless it is the first word of a sentence. Municipiu A municipiu (from Latin municipium ; English: municipality ) is
90-611: The Mureș River and its tributaries, the Târnava , the Sebeș , and the Arieș . The predominant industries in the county are: The mineral resources exploited in Alba county are metals (gold, silver, copper), salt, and construction materials, including marble and granite. The main tourist attractions in the county are: According to the 2021 census , the county had a population of 325,941 and
105-426: The population density was 52.2/km (135.2/sq mi). Ethnic composition of Alba County (2021) The Alba County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections , consists of 32 county councillors, with the following party composition: Alba County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns, and 67 communes. Historically, Alba de Jos County was located in the central-western part of Greater Romania , in
120-476: The central part of the current Alba County. The county originally consisted of seven districts ( plăși ): Subsequently, Plasa Ighiu was abolished and two other districts were established, leaving these: There were four towns: Alba Iulia , Abrud , Aiud , and Sebeș . According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 212,749, of which 81.5% were Romanians, 11.3% Hungarians, 3.6% Germans, 1.8% Romanies, 1.4% Jews, as well as other minorities. In
135-524: The largest and most developed city in the respective county. The central government is represented by one prefect in every județ . The capital, Bucharest , is not a județ , but a special municipality with identical functions, which also acts as the county seat of Ilfov . In the Romanian Principalities , the județ was an office with administrative and judicial functions, corresponding to both judge and mayor . The word
150-425: The religious aspect, the population consisted of 50.1% Eastern Orthodox, 31.6% Greek Catholics, 7.5% Reformed (Calvinists), 3.4% Roman Catholics, 3.3% Evangelical (Lutherans), 1.2% Unitarians, and other minorities. In 1930, the urban population of the county was 33,365, of which 58.8% were Romanians, 23.0% Hungarians, 8.2% Germans, 6.2% Jews, 1.6% Romanies, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view,
165-412: The southwestern part of Transylvania , with a territory identical with the old Alsó-Fehér County of Hungary. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county changed to Alba County and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west by Hunedoara County , to the north by Turda County , and to the east by the counties of Sibiu and Târnava-Mică . Its territory included
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#1732765902880180-494: The status applies to the cities that play an important role in the country's economic, social, cultural, scientific, political and administrative life. † lost status in 1938 Of the seventeen municipii created in 1925, three are no longer in Romania: Cernăuți , Cetatea Albă , and Chișinău . Additionally, Bălți became one in 1929; together with Cetatea Albă, it lost the title in 1938. Cluj and Oradea temporarily lost
195-636: The title in 1940 as a result of the Second Vienna Award , while it was granted to Odessa and Tiraspol during the Transnistria Governorate period. The status was not used between 1950 and 1968, so that cities which lost it in 1950 were reassigned it in 1968. The most recent municipii were created in 2003. Chișinău, Tiraspol, Bălți, and Bender/Tighina have been municipii continuously since 1995, and Comrat since 1998. Cahul, Edineț, Hîncești, Orhei, Soroca, and Ungheni held
210-438: The urban population was made up of 38.3% Eastern Orthodox, 21.4% Greek Catholic, 14.7% Reformed (Calvinist), 7.2% Evangelical (Lutheran), 6.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities. After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of Ciuc , Odorhei , Sibiu , Târnava Mare , and Târnava Mică to form Ținutul Mureș . The county was re-established in 1940, but dissolved again in 1950. It
225-525: Was re-established in 1968 in its current borders. Notable natives include: 46°08′00″N 23°32′00″E / 46.1333°N 23.5333°E / 46.1333; 23.5333 Jude%C8%9B There are 41 județe in Romania, divided into municipii (municipalities), orașe (cities) and comune (communes). Each județ has a county seat ( reședință de județ ) which serves as its administrative capital; this designation usually belongs to
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