Liberal victory
45-488: Albufeira ( pronounced [alβuˈfɐjɾɐ] , locally [aɫbʷˈfeɾɐ, aɫbˈfeɾɐ] ) is a city and municipality of Faro District in the Algarve region of southern Portugal . The population in 2021 was 44,158, in an area of 140.66 square kilometres (54.31 square miles). The city proper had a population of 28,645 in 2021. It is 250 kilometres (160 mi) from Lisbon, close to Paderne Castle . Lagoa
90-466: A limited suffrage of male tax-paying property owners. Judicial power was exercised by the courts; executive power by the ministers of the government; and moderative power by the king, who held an absolute veto over all legislation. The traditionalist party of the landowners and the Church , however, were not satisfied with this compromise, and they continued to regard Miguel as the legitimate successor to
135-467: A city. In Portugal, the city is not an administrative division, therefore a city generally does not necessarily correspond to a municipality , which is the second-level local government in the country. Some entirely urban municipalities do coincide with cities, such as Lisbon , Porto , Funchal , Amadora , Entroncamento , and São João da Madeira . The municipality with the most cities is Paredes Municipality , which contains four cities. Until 1910,
180-611: A dispute over royal succession. While Dom Pedro , the Emperor of Brazil , was the king's oldest son, his younger brother Miguel contended that Pedro had forfeited his claim to the throne by declaring Brazilian independence and by declaring war on the Kingdom of Portugal, therefore violating the succession rules mentioned in the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom. Pedro briefly entitled himself King Pedro IV of Portugal. Neither
225-419: A later date. Guarda was the first city proclaimed as part of the independent kingdom, in 1199. In Portugal, a locality can only be called a city if more than 8,000 inhabitants live in the city's urban area. In addition, at least half of the following infrastructure must be present: In Portugal there are localities with more than 8,000 inhabitants and with the required infrastructure installed, but not having
270-576: A location was proclaimed city by royal charter ( carta régia ), which happened 25 times to current Portuguese cities (royal charters were also granted to cities of the Portuguese Empire ; for example, São Paulo in 1711). During the Portuguese First Republic , the process was transferred to the parliament, which elevated three towns to the category of city. The dictatorial Estado Novo regime proclaimed seven cities on
315-676: A military expedition there and then went to Terceira island in the Azores , which was in the hands of the Liberals, to set up a government in exile. The government of Miguel blockaded the island, but the blockading squadron was attacked by a French squadron during the run-up to the Battle of the Tagus , where several Miguelist ships were captured. (Half of the liberal army consisted of French, British, Spanish and Belgian soldiers). In July 1832, with
360-574: A role in the government. Unlike the Constitution of 1822, this new document established four branches of government. The Legislature was divided into two chambers. The upper chamber, the Chamber of Peers , was composed of life and hereditary peers and clergy appointed by the king. The lower chamber, the Chamber of Deputies , was composed of 111 deputies elected to four-year terms by the indirect vote of local assemblies, which in turn were elected by
405-409: Is 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the west, and Faro 45 kilometres (28 mi) to the southeast. A tourist destination due to its coastal conditions, Albufeira's population expands to around 300,000 in the summer and at Christmas and New Year owing to the number of hotels that includes marina facilities, golf courses, restaurants and bars. It is unclear when the first settlements specifically formed in
450-534: Is a list of cities in Portugal . In Portugal , a city ( Portuguese : cidade ) is an honorific term given to locations that meet several criteria, such as having a minimum number of inhabitants good infrastructure (schools, medical care, cultural and sports facilities), or have a major historical importance. The country's demographic expansion of the 1980s prompted the elevation of several towns to city status and, as of 2018, 159 locations in Portugal are considered
495-520: Is dotted with rich historical and architectural landmarks, such as the following: A local culinary specialty is a rich steamed stew dish of local shellfish, traditionally referred to as Cataplana (named for the cookware used in its preparation), which is a well-known dish from the Algarve. Similarly, the Caldeirada (or fish stew) and the simple grilled sardines , are also popular examples of
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#1732793846310540-425: Is the capital of the sub-region of Cávado . The city of Funchal is the capital of the autonomous region of Madeira . The city of Coimbra is the capital of the sub-region Região de Coimbra . The following list shows the number of inhabitants and the population density of each respective city. Only the inhabitants living in the urban area are counted, not the inhabitants living in the entire municipality. In
585-645: The Almond Blossom Cross Country competition annually. Established in 1977, the event attracts international-calibre runners, boosting this sport and tourism to the area. The municipality of Albufeira is governed by the Câmara municipal of Albufeira. During the 2021 municipal election, sitting mayor José Carlos Rolo ( PPD/PSD ) has been reinstated with 32,04% of the votes. [REDACTED] List of cities in Portugal This
630-847: The War of the Two Brothers ( Guerra dos Dois Irmãos ) and the Portuguese Civil War , was a war between liberal constitutionalists and conservative traditionalists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 1828 to 1834. Embroiled parties included the Kingdom of Portugal , Portuguese rebels, the United Kingdom , France , the Catholic Church , and Spain . The death of King John VI in 1826 created
675-609: The 19th century, the community grew through the expansion of the fishery. This is why the locals annually celebrate 'Festival de Peixes', which has been tradition and serves to honor the fisheries in Albufeira that helped with the growth of the city. In the first decades of the 20th century, the export of fish and nuts represented the largest contribution to the local economy of the municipality. The town itself had five factories employing 700-800 people, mostly wives of fishermen working in local production. Yet, between 1930 and 1960, there
720-642: The Chamber of Deputies and the Chamber of Peers and, in May, summoned the traditional Cortes of the three estates of the realm to proclaim his accession to absolute power. The Cortes of 1828 assented to Miguel's wish, proclaiming him king as Miguel I of Portugal and nullifying the Constitutional Charter. This alleged usurpation did not go unchallenged by the Liberals. On May 18, the garrison in Porto ,
765-621: The Duke of Terceira's recent march from Faro to Lisbon, the south was still loyal to the Miguelites. In the southernmost region of Continental Portugal , the region of Algarve , a man known as Remexido , hidden in the mountainous terrain around São Marcos da Serra , became a legend as a guerrilla loyal to the legitimist, antiliberal Miguelites until well after the end of the Liberal Wars. The Battle of Asseiceira , fought on May 16, 1834,
810-471: The Old Town. The Strip's main street is Avenida Francisco Sá Carneiro which is full of bars, restaurants and open-air discothèques. The architecture of the region is an eclectic mix of typical Portuguese Algarvean pale white and tiled residential homes, along narrow streets, intermixed with modern tourist developments. This can be seen in the design of many buildings in the area. In addition, the municipality
855-684: The Portuguese feudal aristocracy had been spared) and took heart at the recent restoration of the autocratic Ferdinand VII in Spain (1823) who was eradicating all the Napoleonic innovations. In February 1828, Miguel returned to Portugal, ostensibly to take the oath of allegiance to the Charter and assume the regency. He was immediately proclaimed king by his supporters, who pressed him to return to absolutism. A month after his return, Miguel dissolved
900-534: The Portuguese mainland (as well as some more in the colonies), this time by government decree. After the 1974 Carnation Revolution , proclamation of cities returned to parliament and now, Portugal has 156 cities, one of the consequences being that the title no longer holds the prestige it once had. Eight locations have been always considered cities since Portugal became an independent kingdom ( de facto 1128): Braga , Coimbra , Lamego , Porto and Viseu , as well as Évora , Lisbon and Silves , which were annexed at
945-627: The Portuguese nor the Brazilians wanted a unified monarchy; consequently, Pedro abdicated the Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, Maria , a child of 7. In April 1826, to settle the succession dispute, Pedro revised the first constitution of Portugal granted in 1822 and left the throne to Maria, with his sister Isabel Maria as regent. In the Portuguese Constitutional Charter , Pedro attempted to reconcile traditionalists and liberals by allowing both factions
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#1732793846310990-412: The absolutists' fleet near Cape Saint Vincent ( Cabo São Vicente ) and decisively defeated it at the fourth Battle of Cape St. Vincent . The Liberals were able to occupy Lisbon, where Pedro moved from Porto and repulsed a Miguelite siege. A stalemate of nine months ensued. Following the death of Ferdinand VII Spain changed sides and started to support the liberals. Towards the end of 1833, Maria da Glória
1035-529: The backing of Liberals in Spain and Britain, an expedition led by Pedro landed near Porto, in the Landing at Mindelo , which the Miguelites abandoned and where, after military activities including the Battle of Ponte Ferreira , Pedro and his associates were besieged by Miguelite forces for nearly a year. To protect British interests, a naval squadron under Commander William Nugent Glascock in HMS Orestes
1080-456: The case of large cities like Vila Nova de Gaia , Braga , Coimbra and Setubal , the inhabitants of the entire municipality are not listed, because the municipality does not only include the city, but also other towns and villages around the city, which nevertheless belong to the municipality, but form a separate parish and therefore do not belong to the respective city. In the case of large cities like Lisbon , Porto , Amadora and Funchal ,
1125-622: The center of Portuguese progressives, declared its loyalty to Pedro IV and his daughter Maria II, and the Constitutional Charter. The rebellion against the absolutists spread to other cities. Miguel suppressed these rebellions, and many thousands of Liberals were either arrested or fled to Spain and Britain. There followed five years of repression. Meanwhile, in Brazil, relations between Pedro and Brazil's agricultural magnates had become strained. In April 1831, Pedro abdicated in Brazil in favor of his son, Pedro II , and sailed for Britain . He organized
1170-498: The designation of "city", but rather as "town", for example: Just as there are "cities" being "towns", there are also "towns" being "cities", because they have the required infrastructure in place, but have no more than 8,000 inhabitants or because since the locality received the designation "city" it has lost over the years the 8,000 inhabitants, for example: Portugal's two metropolitan areas, Lisbon with over 2.8 million inhabitants and Porto with over 1.7 million inhabitants, are
1215-614: The fall of the Roman Empire, the region was ruled by Germanic peoples like the Visigoths . In the early 8th century, it was conquered by invading Muslims from northern Africa. The modern name originated from the Arabic word al-Buħayra (البحيرة), for the lagoon , in reference to the lagoon that formed in the lowlands. The Moors constructed strong defensive structures, making the area almost impregnable, allowing this area to remain in
1260-512: The following year, which hindered the reconstruction under the Bishop D. Francisco Gomes de Avelar. In 1833, during the Liberal Wars between absolutist and liberal forces, Albufeira was encircled and attacked by Remexido 's soldiers: an anti-liberal , absolutist leader who was as popular as feared and damaged the village's buildings, having executed many of its inhabitants as well. After
1305-437: The hands of their forces longer than other possessions in Portugal. The development of agriculture during this period was notable, with the introduction of new techniques and plant species. The Moors used the plow and fertilizers, as well as winches for lifting the water from the wells, introducing the irrigation of fields, constructing dams and transforming uncultivated areas into gardens and orchards. The Christian conquest of
1350-442: The inhabitants of the entire municipality are listed because the city spreads over the entire municipality and the respective parishes within the municipality are seen as "neighborhoods". Cities with an italic font are capitals of subregions, cities with a bold font are capitals of regions. per km Liberal Wars Supported by: Supported by: The Liberal Wars ( Portuguese : Guerras Liberais ), also known as
1395-518: The kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves . King D. Manuel I awarded a Charter ( foral ) to the Town of Albufeira on 20 August 1504 and from that day the town was governed according to the legislation in force for the rest of the country. Albufeira was one of the towns of the Algarve most affected by natural calamities, but it was the 1755 Lisbon earthquake which caused the worst damage. The sea invaded
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1440-411: The large city of Porto , but also the cities of Vila Nova de Gaia , Gondomar , Rio Tinto , Póvoa de Varzim , Matosinhos , etc. There are also large cities in Portugal that do not belong to any metropolitan area. These cities are mostly capitals of sub-regions that are not considered metropolitan areas because the population is mainly located in the capital of the sub-region. The city of Braga
1485-401: The largest agglomerations in the country. In the two metropolitan areas, in addition to the large cities of Lisbon and Porto , there are other cities that together form the metropolitan area. The Lisbon Metropolitan Area consists of the large city of Lisbon , but also the cities of Amadora , Queluz , Setúbal , Almada , Agualva-Cacém , etc. The Porto Metropolitan Area is made up of
1530-583: The region began at the end of the 12th century. When Afonso III of Portugal occupied the throne, most of the Algarve had already fallen into the hands of the Christians. Templar and Hospitaller Knights, military and religious orders that supported the Reconquista , assaulted many of the lands occupied by the Arabs, but were never successful in taking Albufeira. It was following the capture of Faro that
1575-518: The region of Albufeira, although scientific research suggests origins during the pre-historic epoch, and that the town of Albufeira formed as an out-port of the maritime fishery. The primitive settlement was occupied by the Romans , who named it Baltum , introducing a centralized administrative structure and developing intense agricultural activities along with commerce. The Romans constructed aqueducts, roads and bridges, of which parts still remain. After
1620-450: The siege of Albufeira became unsupportable. Encircled by enemy forces on all sides, it fell in 1249 to the forces of Afonso III, who donated the lands to the Order of Aviz in 1250. The Moors were persecuted terribly by the victorious army, which chased the remaining forces into a cavern, known today as Cova do Xorino , situated near the southern limits of the old city. The town became part of
1665-522: The surrounding hills to accommodate thousands of the 5 million tourists who visit the Algarve region each year. Since 2013, Albufeira is divided into four freguesias (civil parishes): Albufeira is twinned with: [REDACTED] Dunfermline , Fife , Scotland , United Kingdom (since May 1995) Tourism and commerce are the main activities in Albufeira. Most tourists arrive via Faro Airport . The tourist areas are divided into two main areas, Areias de São João , known colloquially as The Strip, and
1710-459: The throne on the grounds that according to the Portuguese succession rules (approved by the Cortes after the 1640 Restoration ), Pedro had lost the right to the Portuguese crown, and therefore to choose a successor, when he took possession of a foreign crown ( Brazil ). They were alarmed by the liberal reforms that had been initiated in Spain by the detested Revolutionary French (reforms from which
1755-454: The town with 10 metres (33 ft) waves, destroying almost all the buildings along the coast. In the town proper, only 27 residential buildings survived the natural disaster, but in states of ruin. The parochial church, an old mosque adapted by the Christians, where many of the residents sought refuge during the cataclysm, collapsed causing 227 deaths. Even following these events, the Algarve continued to experience aftershocks, until 20 August of
1800-554: The traditional dishes, typical of Portugal's coastal areas. The main local football and basketball teams are those of Imortal DC . Several regular football tournaments are played in the Algarve, notably the Algarve Cup . Also, many British teams spend the summer in Albufeira for pre-season training sessions, participating in friendly games, including Sunderland , Ipswich Town , Aston Villa , Fulham , Sheffield Wednesday , Oxford United and Brentford . The city plays host to
1845-428: Was a considerable decline in fortunes, resulting in the closing of many of these factories, the reduction in fishing boats along the coast and the abandonment of many of the homes. The population was reduced by half and the fishing industry became a subsistence activity, supporting local consumption only. The town started to become a hub for tourism in the 1960s, and has grown to accommodate this since, growing out into
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1890-540: Was galvanized by the Church. The Liberals occupied Portugal's major cities, Lisbon and Porto, where they commanded a sizable following among the middle classes. Operations against the Miguelites began again in earnest in early 1834, a year marked by the end of Spanish support which had changed sides to the liberals in 1833. Meanwhile, the Liberal army had suffered a sound defeat at Alcácer do Sal , which proved that, despite
1935-411: Was proclaimed queen, and Pedro was made regent. His first act was to confiscate the property of all who had served under King Miguel. He also suppressed all religious houses and confiscated their property, an act that suspended friendly relations with Rome for nearly eight years, until mid-1841. The absolutists controlled the rural areas, where they were supported by the aristocracy, and by a peasantry that
1980-593: Was stationed in the Douro , where it came under fire from both sides. In June 1833, the Liberals, still encircled at Porto, sent to the Algarve a force commanded by the Duke of Terceira supported by a naval squadron commanded by Charles Napier , using the alias 'Carlos de Ponza'. The Duke of Terceira landed at Faro and marched north through the Alentejo to capture Lisbon on July 24. Meanwhile, Napier's squadron encountered
2025-498: Was the last and decisive engagement of the Portuguese Civil War. The Miguelist army was still formidable (about 18,000 men), but on May 26, 1834, at Evoramonte , to end the bloodbath in the country after six years of civil war a peace was declared under a concession by which Miguel formally renounced all claims to the throne of Portugal , was guaranteed an annual pension, and was definitively exiled. Pedro restored
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