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31-1347: Coordinates : 37°57′33″N 42°05′34″E / 37.95917°N 42.09278°E / 37.95917; 42.09278 Dam in Siirt Alkumru Dam [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Location of Alkumru Dam in Turkey Country Turkey Location Siirt Coordinates 37°57′33″N 42°05′34″E / 37.95917°N 42.09278°E / 37.95917; 42.09278 Status Operational Construction began 2008 Opening date 2011 Construction cost US$ 465 million Owner(s) Turkish State Hydraulic Works Dam and spillways Type of dam Embankment, rock-fill Impounds Botan River Height (foundation) 134 m (440 ft) Height ( thalweg ) 100 m (328 ft) Length 1,058 m (3,471 ft) Dam volume 13,000,000 m (17,003,358 cu yd) Power Station Commission date 2011 Turbines 3 x 88.5 MW Francis-type Installed capacity 265.5 MW The Alkumru Dam
62-505: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
93-460: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
124-608: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
155-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
186-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
217-480: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
248-522: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
279-844: Is a partial list of dams in Turkey separated by region. There are 45 dams in the Aegean Region , western part of Turkey. There are 55 dams in the Black Sea Region , northern part of Turkey. There are 75 dams in the Central Anatolia Region , central part of Turkey. There are 40 dams in the Eastern Anatolia Region , eastern part of Turkey There are 50 dams in the Marmara Region , northwestern part of Turkey. There are 41 dams in
310-613: Is a rock-fill embankment dam on the Botan River , located 14 km (9 mi) east of Siirt in Siirt Province , Turkey. The dam was constructed between 2008 and 2011. It was inaugurated by President Abdullah Gül and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on 19 May 2011. Its primary purpose is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 265.5 MW power station. The first two generators were commissioned in March 2011 with
341-456: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
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#1732772239220372-703: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. List of dams and reservoirs in Turkey Below
403-409: Is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in
434-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
465-750: The EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
496-481: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
527-526: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
558-542: The Botan River Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr) Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It
589-506: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
620-729: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
651-536: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
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#1732772239220682-577: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
713-649: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
744-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
775-474: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
806-781: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
837-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
868-595: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
899-463: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
930-9336: The original on 2012-04-25 . Retrieved 21 November 2011 . ^ "Andritz to equip Turkey's 265.5-MW Alkumru" . HydroWorld. 3 February 2009 . Retrieved 21 November 2011 . ^ "Turkey's fifth largest dam opens in Siirt, two more to come" . Today's Zaman. 20 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-12-06 . Retrieved 21 November 2011 . ^ "HES Alkumru" (in Turkish). Limak Yatirim . Retrieved 21 November 2011 . v t e Dams and reservoirs in Turkey Aegean region Adıgüzel Afşar Akdeğirmen Akgedik Akköprü Alaçatı Balçova Bayır Beşkarış Beydağ Buldan Cindere Çaltıkoru Çavdarhisar Çine Demirköprü Enne Geyik Gökpınar Gölmarmara Gördes Güzelhisar Işıklı İkizdere Karacasu Kavakdere Kayaboğazı Kemer Kestel Kureyşler Küçükler Marmaris Mumcular Örenler Seferihisar Selevir Sevişler Seyitler Söğüt Tahtalı Topçam (Aydın) Ürkmez Yaylakavak Yenidere Yortanlı [REDACTED] Black Sea region Akçay Alaca Almus Alpu Altınkaya Ataköy Atasu Aksu Arkun Artvin Belpınar Beyler Bezirgan Borçka Boyabat Boztepe (Tokat) Çakmak (Samsun) Çatak Çorum Demirözü Derbent Deriner Derinöz Dodurga Erfelek Germeçtepe Gölköy Güllübağ Gülüç Güzelce Hasan Uğurlu Hasanlar Hatap Karaçomak Karadere Kızılcapınar Kirazlıköprü Koçhisar Koruluk Kozlu Köprübaşı Köse Kulaksızlar Kürtün Laleli Muratlı Obruk Ondokuzmayıs Saraydüzü Sarayözü Suat Uğurlu Topçam (Ordu) Tortum Torul Uluköy Vezirköprü Yedikır Yenihayat Central Anatolia region 4 Eylül Ağcaşar Akhasan Akkaya Akköy Akyar Altınapa Altınhisar Apa Asartepe Aşağı Karaören Ayhanlar Ayrancı Bahçelik Bayındır Beylikova Bozkır Çamlıdere Çamlıgöze Çatören Çoğun Çubuk-1 Çubuk-2 Damsa Deliçay Derebucak Doyduk Ermenek Eğrekkaya Gazibey Gebere Gelingüllü Gödet Gökçekaya Gölova Güldürcek Gümüşler Gürsöğüt Hirfanlı İbrala İmranlı İvriz Kapulukaya Karacalar Karaova Kargı Kaymaz Kesikköprü Kılıçkaya Kovalı Kunduzlar Kurtboğazı Kuzfındık Kültepe Maksutlu Mamasın May Mursal Murtaza Musaözü Özen Porsuk Sarımsaklı Sarıoğlan Sarıyar Sıddıklı Sille Süreyyabey Tatlarin Uzunlu Yahyasaray Yamula Yapıaltın Yenice Yeşilburç Eastern Anatolia region Alkumru Alpaslan-1 Alpaslan-2 Arpaçay Bağıştaş 1 Bağıştaş 2 Başköy Bayburt Boztepe (Malatya) • Cip Çamgazi Çat Çıldır Çocuktepe Demirdöven Dilimli Erzincan Gayt Gülbahar Hınıs Başköy Kalecik (Elazığ) Kapıkaya Keban Kığı Koçköprü Kuzgun Medik Morgedik Özlüce Palandöken Patnos Pazaryolu Pembelik Polat Sarımehmet Seyrantepe Sultansuyu Sürgü Tatar Tercan Uzunçayır Yazıcı Yedisu Yoncalı Zernek Marmara region Alibey Altınyazı Armağan Atikhisar Ayvacık Babasultan Bakacak Bayramdere Bayramiç Boğazköy Büyükçekmece Büyükorhan Çakmak (Edirne) Çamköy Çaygören Çınarcık Çokal Darıdere Darlık Demirtaş Devecikonağı Doğancı Elmalı-2 Gökçe Gökçeada Gölbaşı Gönen Günyurdu Hamzadere Hasanağa Havran İkizcetepeler Kadıköy Karaidemir Kayalıköy Kırklareli Kızıldamlar Kirazdere Koyuntepe Madra Manyas New Ömerli Sarıbeyler Sazlıdere Sultanköy Süloğlu Taşoluk Tayfur Terkos Topuzlu Umurbey Valide Mediterranean region Adatepe Alakır Alaköprü Aslantaş Ayvalı Bademli Belkaya Berdan Berke Birkapılı Çatalan Çavdır Çayboğazı Dim Gezende Göktaş Kalecik (Osmaniye) Karacaören I Karacaören II Karaçal Karamanlı Kadıncık 1 Kadıncık 2 Kartalkaya Kayraktepe Köprü Kılavuzlu Kızılsu Kavşak Bendi Korkuteli Kozağacı Kozan Manavgat Mehmetli Menzelet Nergizlik Onaç-1 Onaç-2 Otluca Oymapınar Seyhan Sır Sorgun Sücüllü Tahtaköprü Uluborlu Yapraklı Yarseli Yayladağı Yedigöze Southeastern Anatolia region Lower Kaleköy Atatürk Batman Balli Beyhan I Beyhan II Beyyurdu Birecik Burç Bendi Çetintepe Çetin Cizre Devegeçidi Dicle Dumluca Erkenek Garzan Göksu Hacıhıdır Hancağız Ilısu Karakaya Karkamış Kayacık Kirazlık Kralkızı Seve Silopi Silvan Sırımtaş Şırnak Uludere Upper Kaleköy [REDACTED] Dams by province [REDACTED] Hydroelectric power stations v t e Power stations in Turkey Nuclear Akkuyu – 4,800 MW Sinop – 4,480 MW [REDACTED] Renewable energy Geothermal Gümüşköy – 13 MW Kızıldere – 95 MW Hydroelectric Adıgüzel – 62 MW Akköprü – 115 MW Aksu – 13 MW Alaköprü – 26 MW Alkumru – 265.5 M Almus – 27 MW Alpaslan-1 – 160 MW Alpaslan-2 – 280 MW Altınkaya – 700 MW Arkun – 237 MW Artvin – 340 MW Aslantaş – 138 MW Atasu – 5 MW Atatürk – 2,400 MW Bahçelik – 7 MW Batman – 160 MW Berdan – 10 MW Berke – 510 MW Birecik – 672 MW Borçka – 300 MW Boyabat – 513 MW Burç Bendi – 27.9 MW Çamlıgöze – 33 MW Çatalan – 169 MW Çetin – 405 MW Çınarcık – 100 MW Cindere – 29 MW Çine – 47 MW Cizre −240 MW Demirköprü – 69 MW Derbent – 58 MW Deriner – 670 MW Devecikonağı – 29 MW Dicle – 110 MW Ermenek – 300 MW Garzan – 49 MW Gezende – 159 MW Gökçekaya – 278 MW Gönen – 11 MW Güllübağ – 96 MW Gürsöğüt −242 MW Solar Greenway CSP Mersin – 6 MW Karapınar – 1,000 MW Waste Istanbul Waste Power Plant Wind Aliağa – 193 MW Bahçe – 135 MW Çanta – 47.5 MW Dağpazarı – 39 MW Mut – 33 MW Şamlı – 174 MW Soma – 140.4 MW Fossil Coal-fired Afşin-Elbistan C – 1800 MW proposed Afşin-Elbistan B – 1440 MW ZETES-3 – 1400 MW Afşin-Elbistan A – 1355 MW Cenal – 1320 MW Emba Hunutlu – 1320 MW İsken Sugözü – 1308 MW ZETES-2 – 1230 MW Atlas – 1200 MW Bekirli – 1200 MW Soma – 990 MW Kemerköy – 653 MW Yatağan – 630 MW Çayırhan – 620 MW Seyitömer – 600 MW Soma Kolin – 510 MW Kangal – 457 MW Tufanbeyli – 450 MW Yeniköy – 420 MW Biga – 405 MW Şırnak Silopi – 405 MW Tunçbilek – 365 MW İzdemir – 350 MW Çan-2 – 330 MW 18 Mart Çan – 320 MW Çatalağzı – 315 MW Bolu Göynük – 270 MW Orhaneli – 210 MW Çolakoğlu – 190 MW ZETES-1 – 160 MW List of active coal-fired Silahtarağa – now museums Gas-fired Gebze - 1540 MW Unimar Marmara Ereğlisi – 480 MW Power stations projected or under construction in italics Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkumru_Dam&oldid=1177410878 " Categories : Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey Rock-filled dams Dams in Siirt Province Dams completed in 2011 Dams on
961-511: The third and final in April 2011. See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Turkey portal [REDACTED] Water portal [REDACTED] Renewable energy portal Kirazlık Dam – regulator downstream Çetin Dam – upstream, under construction References [ edit ] ^ "Alkumru Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant" (in Turkish). Limak. Archived from