An alliance is a relationship among people , groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies . Alliances form in many settings, including political alliances , military alliances , and business alliances . When the term is used in the context of war or armed struggle, such associations may also be called allied powers , especially when discussing World War I or World War II .
34-690: Allied powers are nations that have joined in an alliance . More specifically, the term may refer to: Allies of World War I , member nations of the World War I alliance who fought against the Central Powers Allies of World War II , member nations of the World War II alliance who fought against the Axis Powers Allied Powers (Maritime Courts) Act 1941 (C.21) of
68-631: A destroyer, two cargo planes and three helicopters. The operations of Argentinian forces were codenamed Operation Alfil . Australia contributed at least one guided missile frigate, one destroyer and one supply ship. Limited numbers of Australian troops were imbedded in British and American formations, and RAAF photo interpreters were based in Saudi Arabia. Soldiers of the Royal Australian Artillery provided air defence to
102-486: A field hospital was deployed to al-Jubayl . An estimated 60,000 to 100,000 Saudi troops participated in operations against Iraq, led by Khalid bin Sultan , Saleh Al-Muhaya and Sultan Al-Mutairi . Senegal contributed approximately 500 troops. Singapore sent 30 personnel to provide medical and humanitarian services under Operation Nightingale , as well as nine military support teams. The South Korean contingent
136-702: A limited deployment of troops and aircraft to Türkiye, and several ships deployed to the gulf. Two minesweepers of the Tripartite class , the Iris and the Myostis along with the Command and Logistics ship Zinnia, deployed to the gulf, and conducted mine clearing operations. The Belgian government later decided to send an additional minesweeper, the Dianthus. When the ceasefire took place, clearing operations moved to
170-468: A rate of 11% or more, although at a smaller rate than their preference for Russia on the part of Lebanon and Slovenia, and China on the part of Palestine. Kosovo reported the most unified opinion, preferring the United States at a rate of 92%, while Russia's most unified supporters were Mongolia (71%), Armenia (67%) and Serbia (56%). In total, 21 countries expressed a preference for America at
204-576: A rate of 50% or more. Coalition of the Gulf War On 29 November 1990, the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 authorized the assembly of a multinational military coalition to liberate Iraqi-occupied Kuwait by "all necessary means" if Iraq did not withdraw its forces by 15 January 1991. Iraq failed to do so, and the coalition began an aerial bombardment against targets in Iraq and Kuwait on 17 January 1991. At this time,
238-667: Is enough. According to this usage, allies become so not when concluding an alliance treaty but when struck by war. When spelled with a capital "A", "Allies" usually denotes the countries who fought together against the Central Powers in World War ;I (the Allies of World War I ), or those who fought against the Axis Powers in World War II (the Allies of World War II ). The term has also been used by
272-576: The Multi-National Forces in Iraq which are commonly referred to as "Coalition forces" or, as by the George W. Bush administration, "the coalition of the willing" . Scholars are divided as to the impact of alliances. Several studies find that defensive alliances deter conflict. One study questions these findings, showing that alliance commitments deterred conflict in the prenuclear era but has no statistically meaningful impact on war in
306-794: The United States Army to describe the countries that gave assistance to South Vietnam during the Vietnam War . The Allied Powers in World War I (also known as the Entente Powers ) were initially the United Kingdom , France , the Russian Empire , Belgium , Serbia , Montenegro and Japan , joined later by Italy , Portugal , Romania , the United States , Greece and Brazil . Some, such as
340-630: The armed forces fighting Iraq in support of Saudi Arabia . In 1990, he held state dinner for United States Central Command commander General Norman Schwarzkopf where, alongside Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Admiral Iftikhar Sirohey , he briefed US commanders on Pakistani preparations and military operational capabilities. The war was a polarizing political issue in Pakistan. Beg predicted that popular opinion would favor Iraq, as anti-American sentiment in
374-651: The Australian supply ships, as they had none of their own. Bahraini troops played a limited role in the conflict, with the Bahraini Army providing troops to the Gulf Cooperation Council contingent (exclusively embedded with Saudi Arabian and Kuwaiti troops), which played a support role in the conflict. The Bahraini government also allowed their territory to be used as a logistical hub for coalition forces. The Bangladeshi contribution to
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#1732757494740408-888: The General Staff. The United States was the largest contributor to the coalition, with some 697,000 personnel. Its forces participated in Operation Desert Shield , the Battle of Khafji , the Battle of 73 Easting , the Battle of Al Busayyah , the Battle of Phase Line Bullet , the Battle of Medina Ridge , Battle of Wadi al-Batin , and the Battle of Norfolk , among other engagements. American commanders included Colin Powell , Calvin Waller , Charles Horner , Walt Boomer , Stan Arthur , Frederick Franks , Buster Glosson . Norman Schwarzkopf led all coalition forces in
442-632: The Joint Forces North Command was led by the United States, the United Kingdom, France , Canada , Italy , Australia , and Turkey . On 23 February 1991, the aerial bombardment campaign came to an end and the coalition began a large-scale ground offensive into Iraqi-occupied Kuwait and parts of Iraq . The Iraqi military was devastated in the fighting, and Kuwait was declared completely free of Iraqi troops on 28 February 1991. Argentina contributed 500 troops, two corvettes,
476-558: The Middle East was growing. The Philippines sent around 200 medical personnel. The Polish contribution included approximately 320 personnel. Poland also conducted intelligence operations, such as Operation Simoom . Portugal provided one logistics ship and two C-130 transport aircraft . Qatar contributed around 2,600 personnel. Qatari forces participated in the Battle of Khafji . Romania deployed 363 medical personnel and 21 soldiers. As part of Britain's Operation Granby ,
510-599: The Parliament of the United Kingdom Allied Powers (horse) , an Irish racehorse The Allied Powers (professional wrestling) , a short-lived tag team See also [ edit ] Allied (disambiguation) Allied Forces (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Allied Powers . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
544-676: The Russian Empire, withdrew from the war before the armistice due to revolution or defeat. After the end of World War II and during the Cold War , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed as a political and military alliance that promotes anti-communist values. More recently, the term "Allied forces" has also been used to describe the coalition of the Gulf War , as opposed to forces
578-800: The air campaign against Iraq. The UAE contributed one army battalion and a squadron of Mirage fighters . They also provided facilities to deploy over 255 aircraft, and gave the coalition access to practically all of their ports and shipyards. The UK participated in Operation Granby and the Battle of Norfolk . The total British contribution included 16 ships, 58 aircraft, and 53,462 personnel, including 1st Armoured Division , 7th Armoured Brigade , 4th Armoured Brigade . British commanders included: Patrick Hine , commander of all British forces; Michael Graydon , Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief RAF Strike Command ; Peter de la Billière - Commander-in-Chief of British Forces and John Chapple , Chief of
612-560: The coalition consisted of 42 countries and was spearheaded by the United States . The central command was led by the United States, Saudi Arabia , and the United Kingdom ; the marine command was led by the United States; the Joint Forces East Command was led by Egypt , Saudi Arabia, Syria , Morocco , Kuwait , Oman , the United Arab Emirates , Qatar , Bahrain , Poland , and Czechoslovakia ; and
646-537: The coalition contained about 2300 personnel. Their operation was codenamed Operation Moruprantar and involved security personnel, including two field Ambulance teams. After the war, Bangladeshi forces inspected and cleared land mines lain by the Iraqi forces. In 2015, there were still up to 5000 Bangladeshi troops stationed in Kuwait to aid with mine clearance. The Bangladeshi commander was Zubayr Siddiqui . Belgium had
680-636: The coalition's flank. Six F-104s were stationed in Türkiye. 4 ships were sent to the gulf. The Italian commander of the operation was Mario Arpino . Japan contributed no personnel or equipment to the coalition force as it was prohibited from doing so by its constitution . However, the Japanese government made a financial contribution of approximately $ 13bn to fund Coalition operations. The contribution of Kuwaiti forces in exile included around 9,900 personnel. Luxembourg provided financial support. After
714-621: The coast of Kuwait. The army provided a field hospital and medical team for the coalition, while the air force sent two MIM-23 Hawk squadrons and three MIM-104 Patriot squadrons - one of which was deployed in Israel to defend against Iraqi Scud missiles . Niger deployed about 480 troops to guard shrines in Mecca and Medina . Norway contributed 280 personnel, one naval vessel, a field hospital, and intelligence capabilities. Oman contributed about 6,300 personnel. The Pakistani contingent
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#1732757494740748-588: The coast off Kuwait. Eighteen Mirage 5s of 8th Fighter Squadron and six C-130s of the 15th Air Transport Wing were deployed to Türkiye as part of the NATO preventative deployment of aircraft. Medical personnel were attached to a British Field Hospital in Cyprus, and were also deployed in Türkiye alongside 75 soldiers. Canada's contribution included 4,600 personnel, and their activities were codenamed Operation Friction . Royal Canadian Navy vessels took part in
782-496: The data from the 2000 Journal of Conflict Resolution study and found that allies only fulfill their commitments about 50% of the time from 1816 to 2003. According to the study, "States honored their alliance commitments 66% of the time prior to 1945 but the compliance rate drops to 22% from 1945 to 2003. Moreover, the rates of fulfillment for defense pacts (41%) and nonaggression pacts (37%) are dramatically lower than offensive alliances (74%) and neutrality agreements (78%)." One of
816-466: The join the coalition. Hungary contributed approximately 40 personnel, including a medical team. The Italian contribution included about 1,950 personnel; their operation mostly involved aircraft, and the air operation was known as Operazione Locusta . Italy deployed eight Panavia Tornado aircraft, which conducted sorties over the 42 days of war, and a cell of RF-104G Starfighter tactical reconnaissance aircraft , which operated from Turkey to monitor
850-519: The largest margin of any country surveyed, while 46% of Bangladesh preferred India . A total of 22 countries indicated a preference for the United Kingdom at a rate of 10% or more, but the United States was the only country to prefer Britain over any other, at a rate of 43%. Five countries preferred France at a rate of 10% or more, led by Belgium at a rate of 25%. A single country, Iraq , expressed no preference, while three other countries, Lebanon , Palestine , and Slovenia , expressed no preference at
884-486: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allied_Powers&oldid=1213234235 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Alliance A formal military alliance is not required for being perceived as an ally— co-belligerence , fighting alongside someone,
918-531: The most profound effects of alliances can be seen in technological innovation, due to conduits of knowledge flows that are open between allies but closed between rivals. According to a 2017 poll by WIN/GIA , the United States was the most preferred ally internationally. Russia and China , who preferred one another, both trailed America globally. Four countries, Bulgaria , Greece , Slovenia and Turkey , preferred Russia, despite being members of NATO . In Pakistan , 72% of respondents preferred ties to China,
952-630: The postnuclear era. Another study finds that while alliance commitments deter conflict between sides with a recent history of conflict, alliances tend to provoke conflicts between states without such a history. A 2000 study in the Journal of Conflict Resolution found that allies fulfill their alliance commitments approximately 75% of the time. Most research suggests that democracies are more reliable allies than non-democracies. A 2004 study did however question whether alliance commitments by democracies are more durable. A 2018 study updated and extended
986-669: The use of NATO airbases in Germany were removed so they could be used for logistics. Germany also provided $ 6 billion in cash and materiel to aid the coalition. Greek forces included Hellenic Air Force pilots and ground support staff and the frigate Limnos in the Red Sea. The Greek Merchant Marine Service aided the Coalition in the movement of fuel and equipment with their large fleet, and most Greek airfields were made available for US and allied use. Honduras sent 400 personnel to
1020-534: The war, Luxembourgish soldiers were deployed to deliver humanitarian aid to Kurdish civilians taking refuge in the mountains along the Turkish-Iraqi border. Morocco contributed around 13,000 personnel. New Zealand provided two Lockheed C-130 Hercules transporter aircraft and 100 personnel. The Dutch navy sent two frigates to help maintain the UN embargo on Iraq , and three minehunters to clear mines off
1054-537: The war, the Royal Canadian Air Force conducted patrols and bombing missions, and the army deployed a field hospital. Canadian aircraft and ground forces also attacked retreating Iraqi military forces along the Highway of Death . The Czechoslovak contribution included a specialised 200-man chemical defence unit and 150 medical personnel. The lead Czechoslovak commander was Ján Való . The war
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1088-414: Was 314-strong, including medical and logistical support. Spain deployed 500 ground troops (mostly engineers) with another 3,000 participating in naval operations: two corvettes and one destroyer patrolled near the strait of Bab al Mandeb . Syria's contributed around 14,500 troops, led by Mustafa Tlass . The Swedish contingent numbered about 525 and included a field hospital. Turkey contributed to
1122-646: Was 4,900–5,500 strong. Mirza Aslam Beg , then-Pakistani Chief of the Army Staff , endorsed the campaign against Iraq. In a briefing given to president Ghulam Ishaq Khan , Beg maintained the assessment that once the ground battle with the Iraqi Army began, the Iraqi Army would comprehensively repel and defeat the US Army . Beg accused Western countries of encouraging Iraq to invade Kuwait, but supported
1156-945: Was notable as the first time Czechoslovakian troops had taken part in an armed conflict since the Second World War, and would be the last time before the breakup of Czechoslovakia in 1993. Denmark deployed the HDMS Olfert Fischer (a Niels Juel -class Corvette) alongside 100 personnel. Egypt contributed around 40,000 soldiers and 400 tanks. Their commander was Salah Mohammed Atia Halabi . The French contingent consisted of around 20,000 personnel led by Lieutenant General Michel Roquejeoffre , and their activities were codenamed Opération Daguet . France also contributed 14 ships, more than 75 aircraft, and 350 tanks. Germany sent one fighter squadron to Türkiye to show solidarity with operations in Kuwait and make its presence felt on NATO's southern flank. Restrictions on
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