42-489: 53°01′56″N 2°16′15″W / 53.032317°N 2.270933°W / 53.032317; -2.270933 Apedale Community Country Park is a 454-acre (184 ha) country park in the borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme , Staffordshire , England. The park is unusual for the area as it was previously an opencast mine . The area has a long history of mining, with the nearby former collieries at Silverdale and Holditch also having been redeveloped for other uses. The park
84-425: A Brythonic word related to the modern Welsh "llwyf", meaning elm . Elm trees covered an extensive area across the present day counties of Cheshire , Staffordshire and parts of Derbyshire . Newcastle was not recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book , as it grew up round a 12th-century castle, but it must have gained rapid importance, as a charter , known solely through a reference in another charter to Preston ,
126-416: A fee farm grant is a hybrid type of land ownership typical in cities and towns. The word fee is derived from fief or fiefdom, meaning a feudal landholding, and a fee farm grant is similar to a fee simple in the sense that it gives the grantee the right to hold a freehold estate, the only difference being the payment of an annual rent (" farm " being an archaic word for rent) and covenants, thus putting
168-536: A 'waste to energy' plant and partnered with Advantage West Midlands in the development of Blue Planet Chatterley Valley, a sustainable logistics facility on the site of a former colliery completed in 2008. The Council also works with the Environment Agency , Walleys Quarry Ltd. and other relevant bodies to regulate Walleys Quarry landfill site in Silverdale . Of the 73,944 residents recorded in
210-768: A by-election in 1969. He served in the governments of Harold Wilson and Jim Callaghan , as PPS to Eric Varley as Minister of Technology , a Labour whip in opposition, and Minister for Employment, stepping down in 1986 . The current MP is Adam Jogee . The town was once served by the North Staffordshire Railway , its station being on a branch from Stoke-on-Trent via Newcastle, Silverdale and Keele , to Market Drayton in Shropshire . Newcastle-under-Lyme railway station opened in September 1852, after numerous construction difficulties involving
252-621: A clock tower with four clocks added. The top rooms in the Guildhall were used for meetings by the borough council. It is now a Grade II listed building. The Italian-style Militia Barracks were built in 1855 of red brick. They were the headquarters of the 3rd King's Own Staffordshire Rifle Regiment until 1880. In 1882 W. H. Dalton bought the Barracks and settled them in trust for use by the Rifle Volunteers of Newcastle, which became
294-468: A creamery at Pipe Gate until 1998, when the line closed to all stone and mineral traffic. It now forms part of a green way from Silverdale to Newcastle-under-Lyme, with the station site being called "Station Walks". The nearest station to the town is Stoke-on-Trent railway station which is between the town centre of Newcastle and city centre of Stoke-on-Trent and serves the Potteries as a whole. Newcastle
336-481: A sale of bric-a-brac. A cattle and livestock market was held on Mondays until the early 1990s; the site of it is now a branch of Morrison's supermarket. The current Guildhall was built in 1713 and has undergone a number of changes. Originally the ground floor was open and was used for markets, until the Market Hall was built in 1854. In 1860, to provide more space, the ground floor arches were bricked up and
378-559: Is a market town and the administrative centre of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire , England. It is adjacent to the city of Stoke-on-Trent . In 2021 the population was 75,082. Newcastle grew up in the twelfth century around the castle which gave the town its name, and received its first charter in 1173. The town's early industries included millinery , silk weaving, and coal mining, but despite its proximity to
420-414: Is considered by administration as a form of compensation to the residents of the area for the large amount of development that has taken place over recent years. The shallow mine at Holditch was redeveloped into a business park and an industrial estate , which led to significant capital gains for Staffordshire County Council . The amelioration of the park was part paid for out of these receipts. Within
462-664: Is situated 3 miles (5 km) from the centre of the town. In 2005 it was national winner in the "small city/large town" category (35K–100K). The town features several parks, including the Queen's Gardens at the east end of Ironmarket, which won the Britain in Bloom Judges' Award for Horticultural Excellence in 2003. Queens Gardens contains a statue of Queen Victoria funded by Sir Alfred Seale Haslam and unveiled by Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia on 5 November 1903. It
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#1732790191482504-425: Is the only park within the ring road . Grosvenor Gardens is in the centre of one of the town's roundabouts, but hidden away below road level. Queen Elizabeth Garden is located outside the town centre and was due for refurbishment using National Lottery Heritage Fund money. To the north-west of the town centre is Brampton Park, home to a museum and art gallery. Dating back to 1173 Newcastle's market , known as
546-461: Is the third-largest town in England (by population) to have no railway station. Most of the bus network is run by First Potteries Limited and D&G Bus . The town has a private school : Newcastle-under-Lyme School , which was established in the 17th century, whose alumni includes T. E. Hulme , John Wain and William Watkiss Lloyd . It has a number of primary and secondary schools in
588-615: The Cheshire county border and 10 miles (16 km) from the Shropshire county border. Newcastle and Stoke form the main urban area at the centre of the Stoke-on-Trent Green Belt, which is an environmental and planning area that regulates the rural space in Staffordshire, to prevent urban sprawl and minimise convergence with outlying settlements. First defined in 1967, most of the area extends into
630-517: The Crown to Simon de Montfort and later to Edmund Crouchback , through whom it passed to Henry IV . In John Leland's time the castle had disappeared "save one great Toure". Newcastle did not feature much in the English Civil War , except as a victim of Royalist plundering . However, it was the home town of Major General Thomas Harrison , a Cromwellian army officer and leader of
672-472: The Fifth Monarchy Men . An inclosure act in 1816 enclosed the common lands of the borough, and removed their common rights. They were thereafter held in trust for the burgesses of the borough. The Newcastle under Lyme Burgess Lands charity continues to exist, with entitlement to benefits going to those who would have been burgesses before the reforms of 1835: either the son of someone entitled to
714-758: The House of Commons , the bill was rejected by the House of Lords . After the Local Government Act 1972 , Newcastle became the principal settlement of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. Like neighbouring Stoke-on-Trent, Newcastle's early economy was based around the hatting trade, silk and cotton mills . Later coal mining , brick manufacture, iron casting and engineering rose to prominence. Fine red earthenware and soft-paste porcelain tableware (the first such production in Staffordshire)
756-615: The Potteries it did not develop a ceramics trade. The name "Newcastle" is derived from a mid-12th century motte and bailey that was built after King Stephen granted lands in the area to Ranulf de Gernon , Earl of Chester ; the land was known for his support during the civil war known as The Anarchy . The element Lyme is found throughout the locality, such as in Lyme Brook and the Forest of Lyme . This ultimately derives from
798-423: The state-funded sector . The latter include Newcastle Community Academy , Clayton Hall Academy , St John Fisher Catholic College , Sir Thomas Boughey Academy and Orme Academy (formerly Wolstanton High School) . There is a private Edenhurst Preparatory School, founded in 1961. The town's largest sixth-form college is Newcastle-under-Lyme College , which was established in 1966. Keele University main campus
840-627: The 2001 census, 51.7 per cent (38,210) were female and 48.3 per cent (35,734) male. Of these, 78.2 per cent (57,819) stated that their religion was Christian , and 12.9 per cent (9,570) said they had no religion. Islam , Judaism , Buddhism and Sikhism each covered less than 1 per cent of the population. Racially, 97.8 per cent of the population defined themselves as white , with the balance being mixed race – 0.6 per cent), Indian – 0.4 per cent, Pakistani – 0.2 per cent, black – 0.2 per cent, Chinese – 0.2 per cent, and other ethnic groups – 0.4 per cent. In employment, 62.2 per cent (21,586) of
882-549: The Stones, operates on the High Street. The market was originally held on Sunday; in the reign of John it was changed to Saturday; by the charter of Elizabeth it was fixed on Monday. Grants of fairs were given by Edward I , Edward III and Henry VI . Today the market is open six days a week and has over 80 stalls. Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays have a general market, Tuesdays an antiques market and Thursdays
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#1732790191482924-611: The Territorial Force in 1907. In 2002 the Barracks were let to small businesses. The New Vic Theatre is a theatre in the round . Just outside the town centre, it offers a programme that includes modern and classic plays and concert performances. The Borough Museum and Art Gallery (Brampton Museum) depicts the civic history of the Borough and an authentic, life-size Victorian street-scene. The art gallery hosts work by local and national artists, and travelling exhibitions. Fee farm grant In English and Irish law,
966-580: The admission of new burgesses was forbidden by section 13 of the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 under any criteria expect that of being a ratepayer. This only affected the creation of borough burgesses, and not the entitlement rules of the Burgess Lands Trust, which continued on the historic burgess criteria. Newcastle sent two members to Parliament from 1355 to 1885, then lost one of its seats. When Stoke-on-Trent
1008-449: The birthplace of several notable politicians and activists. Fanny Deakin was a campaigner for better nourishment for babies and young children and better maternity care for mothers. The former chairwoman of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament ( CND ), Janet Bloomfield (née Hood) is a peace and disarmament campaigner. Vera Brittain . writer, feminist (and mother of Labour Party Minister and later Liberal Democrat Shirley Williams )
1050-405: The borough of clay tobacco-smoking pipes started about 1637 and grew rapidly, until it was second only to hatting as an industry. Nationally, the town ranked with Chester , York and Hull as the four major pipe producers. The industry continued until the mid-19th century, when decline set in rapidly, so that by 1881 it had only one tobacco-pipe maker left. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries,
1092-665: The community purchased an old Welsh chapel to be used as a synagogue . In 1923 a new synagogue was built in Hanley. This was closed in 2004 and the congregation moved to a smaller synagogue in Newcastle. Newcastle-under-Lyme is served by the M6 motorway to the south and west of Newcastle and by the A500 road to the north and east. There are access points from the M6 at junctions 15 and 16, to
1134-592: The enactment of the Renewable Leasehold Conversion Act 1849. This act also allowed any existing lessees for lives to convert their holding into a fee farm grant. The Landlord and Tenant Law Amendment (Ireland) Act 1860 (i.e. Deasy's Act) allowed for the creation of express fee farm grants. In Ireland the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 (Section 12) does not allow the creation of any new fee farm grants, and where any such attempt
1176-587: The local collieries. The line from Newcastle Junction to Silverdale has been removed, and the site of Newcastle railway station and the Hartshill tunnels filled in. Newcastle was on the national canal network, but the Newcastle-under-Lyme Canal running from the Trent and Mersey Canal at Stoke-on-Trent to Sir Nigel Gresley's Canal has been disused since 1935 and mostly filled in. Today
1218-599: The park is the Apedale Heritage Centre . The adjoining Moseley Railway Trust is currently running the first phase of the 2 ft ( 610 mm ) narrow gauge Apedale Valley Light Railway extending further into the parkland. There is a series of tracks, waymarked routes and self-guided trails. The country park is also the home of Newcastle Countryside Project and is bordered by the communities of Silverdale, Chesterton , Knutton and Cross Heath . Newcastle-under-Lyme Newcastle-under-Lyme
1260-511: The parties in a landlord-tenant relationship. Fee farm grants fall into three categories: The ban on subinfeudation in the fee simple did not apply to land granted after Quia Emptores to supporters of the Crown. These new estates (many of which were created after the 17th-century plantations ) were thus regularly divided into subtenures as fee farm grants. Any perpetually renewable leases for life were converted into fee farm grants after
1302-402: The population work full-time and 19.4 per cent (6,746) part time . The largest employment types are manufacturing with 7,058 (21.5 per cent), wholesale and retail 6,157 (18.7 per cent), health and social work 4,097 (12.5 per cent) and finance , real estate and business activity 3,823 (11.6 per cent). Jewish residency of the area stretches back into the 19th century. In 1873
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1344-609: The south and north respectively. The A34 trunk road runs through Newcastle from north to south and was the main road between Birmingham and Manchester until the M6 motorway opened. There is a large bus station in the town centre. Newcastle-under-Lyme railway station , which was not within the town but towards Water Street on the Stoke to Market Drayton Line , closed in 1964 under the Beeching cuts . The line from Silverdale to Pipe Gate remained open to serve Silverdale Colliery and
1386-676: The town had a flourishing felt hat manufacturing industry, probably at its peak locally in the 1820s, when a third of the town's population were involved in over 20 factories, but by 1892 there was only one still in production. In 1944, the Rolls-Royce Derwent engine for the Gloster Meteor fighter was made in the borough. Newcastle's 20th-century industries include: iron-working, construction materials, clothing (especially military, police and transport uniforms), computers, publishing, electric motors and machinery. Near
1428-521: The town relies on buses for public transport. FirstGroup runs a network of services connecting Newcastle to the towns of the Potteries and to Stafford . Arriva buses run to Shrewsbury via Market Drayton Situated in a valley alongside the Lyme Brook , the town is just west of the city of Stoke-on-Trent , its suburbs running together. Newcastle town centre is less than 4 miles (6 km) from Stoke-on-Trent City Centre , about 17 miles (27 km) north of Stafford and 5 miles (8 km) south of
1470-452: The trust, who was resident or occupying property within the borough's boundaries. The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 reformed the borough, creating a new governing charter, repealing the previous charters of 1590 and 1664. The unreformed corporation prior to 1835 had been styled the "Mayor, Bailiffs and Burgesses of Newcastle-under-Lyme", but that act changed the style to "Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of Newcastle-under-Lyme". In 1835,
1512-438: The turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the town received major redevelopment to incorporate a new street (Castle Walk) into the town centre, providing Newcastle with a new bus station and bringing in more companies. Various business centres in the town provide offices for companies that operate in the service sector. The town was classed as a BID ( business improvement district ) in 2015, reiterated in 2021. The town has been
1554-531: The two tunnels of 605 yards (553 m) and 96 yards (88 m) at Hartshill. There were also two halts to the west of Newcastle railway station, located at Brampton and Liverpool Road . The section from Silverdale to Market Drayton closed to passengers in May 1956 and the rest of the line in March 1964. Only small sections remained from Madeley to Silverdale, and from Silverdale to Holditch, for coal traffic from
1596-677: The wider borough, but some landscape features and places of interest within that are covered or surrounded. They include the Michelin Sports Facility , Newcastle golf course, Keele University , Apedale Winding Wheel , Watermills Chimney and Bignall Hill . The West Coast Main Line forms the western boundary of the green belt. Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council undertakes a range of environmental, sustainability and regeneration projects. As part of its Sustainable Environment Strategy, it processes household and business waste through
1638-516: Was formed by the 1910 amalgamation of the "six towns" ( Stoke , Hanley , Fenton , Longton , Burslem and Tunstall ), Newcastle remained separate. Despite its close proximity, it was not directly involved in the pottery industry and it strongly opposed attempts to join the merger in 1930, with a postcard poll showing residents opposing the Stoke-on-Trent Extension Bill by a majority of 97.4 per cent. Although passed by
1680-452: Was born in the town. There have been two particularly notable Members of Parliament (MPs). Josiah Wedgwood IV was a Liberal , Independent and Labour Party MP, who served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the cabinet of Ramsay MacDonald , in the first ever Labour government. He was an MP from 1909 to 1942. John Golding was elected a Labour MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme at
1722-403: Was given to the town by Henry II in 1173. The new castle superseded an older fortress at Chesterton , about 2 miles (3 km) to the north, whose ruins were visible up to the end of the 16th century. In 1235 Henry III turned the town into a free borough, granting a guild and other privileges. In 1251 he leased it under a fee farm grant to the burgesses. In 1265 Newcastle was granted by
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1764-538: Was produced in Newcastle at Samuel Bell's factory in Lower Street in 1724–1754, when production ceased. Except for a failed enterprise in 1790–1797, which then switched to brewing , there was no further commercial production of pottery within the town. Production of earthenware tiles, however, continued at several locations in the borough. Manufacture of fine bone china was re-established in the borough in 1963 by Mayfair Pottery at Chesterton . The manufacture in
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