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33-487: Artemisa was the largest city and municipality of the former La Habana Province . The newly formed province combined the eight western municipalities of La Habana Province and three eastern municipalities of neighbor province Pinar del Río (Bahía Honda, Candelaria and San Cristóbal). The capital and largest city is Artemisa (47,000 pop. in 2015). The new province is only larger than Havana city and Mayabeque , but with more population than four other Cuban provinces. It

66-628: A letter to the women, upon request by Marcelo H. del Pilar , praising their initiative and sensibility on their high hopes for women's education and progress. In 1895, he earned the Grand Cross of Maria Christina for his command of troops in the Philippines in which he fought an uprising of Tagalogs and conducted an offensive against the Moros in Mindanao. On his return to Spain in 1892, he

99-546: A school and had the cemetery of the city built. Legendary trumpet star Arturo Sandoval was also from Artemisa before his defection to the U.S. in 1990 Orlando Ortega , A Spanish Athlete, is also from Artemisa [REDACTED] Media related to Artemisa at Wikimedia Commons Valeriano Weyler Captain General Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau, 1st Duke of Rubí, 1st Marquess of Tenerife (17   September 1838 – 20   October 1930)

132-433: A strong and ambitious soldier made him one of those who, in case of any constitutional disturbance, might be expected to play an important role, and his political position was nationally affected by this consideration; his appointment in 1900 as captain-general of Madrid resulted indeed in great success in the defense of the constitutional order. He was minister of war for a short time at the end of 1901, and again in 1905. At

165-632: Is a municipality and city in Cuba , formerly part of La Habana Province . According to a law approved by the Cuban National Assembly in August 2010, Artemisa became the capital city of the newly formed Artemisa Province , which comprises eight municipalities of the former La Habana Province and three from Pinar del Río . It has an area of 642.0 square kilometers and a population of over 86,444 inhabitants (2022). Due to its coffee crops in

198-722: Is a native of Artemisa. Two other Artemiseños also stood out in the Revolution as members of the leadership of two other organizations: Eduardo García Lavandero of the Revolutionary Directorate 13 March and Carlos Rodríguez Careaga of the Popular Socialist Party . The Martyrs Mausoleum ( Mausoleo de los Mártires ) in Artemisa is a National Monument of Cuba . Artemisa belonged to Pinar del Río Province until 1970. The Artemisa municipality

231-670: Is assigned as the head. On 1 January 1879, the first meeting of the City Council is held. Although Artemisa did not participate in the first War of Liberation against Spain in 1868–78 (Guerra de los Diez Años), since it did not reach the West of the country, it did in the one of 95 in which more than 200 children of that region joined the Mambi forces, of which 135 survivors were discharged. Among them, important figures stand out such as Manuel Valdés (the first Artemiseño martyr, messenger of

264-563: Is based on agriculture (fruits, various crops, rice, sugar cane), pig farming, the cement industry and other construction materials, tobacco manufacturing, textile manufacturing, and pesticides . Places of historical importance include the Cafetal Angerona (named after Angerona , the goddess of silence and fertility, and protector of Rome), which is currently in ruins. Its remains evoke a period of great abundance, business development, love affairs, and slavery. The cafetal belonged to

297-624: Is located in the center of the Artemisa Province, bordering to the north with the Mariel and Guanajay municipalities;  to the east with the municipalities Caimito and Alquízar;  to the south with the Ensenada de Majana and to the west with the municipality of Candelaria. Wards (consejos populares) of the municipality include Cayajabo, Centro, Corojal, La Matilde, Las Cañas, Lavandero, Lincoln, Reparto Nuevo, and Todelo. In 2022,

330-418: Is the most densely populated, after Havana city and Santiago de Cuba . The economy of the Artemisa province is based mainly on agriculture (fruits, potatoes, rice, vegetables, sugar cane) and industry of building materials (two cement factories), food processing industry and power plants. It contains the important port of Mariel in the northern coast. The province is also important in the military sector with

363-612: The Liberal Party vigorously denounced them for their toll on the Cuban people. The term "reconcentration" is thought to have given rise to the term "concentration camp". Academic Andrea Pitzer considered Weyler's camps to be the world's first concentration camps. Weyler's strategy was successful only in completely alienating the Cuban populace from the Spanish as well as galvanizing international opinion against Spain. After Castillo

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396-551: The Cuban countryside inhospitable to the insurgents. The reconcentration policy weakened the rebel position but resulted in the deaths of between 170,000 and 400,000 Cubans, causing widespread international outrage, particularly in the United States , where Weyler became known as "The Butcher". This wave of American anti-Spanish sentiment contributed to the United States declaration of war on Spain in 1898. Castillo's government supported Weyler's tactics wholeheartedly, but

429-590: The German entrepreneur Cornelio Souchay who fell in love with the black Haitian , Úrsula Lambert. The couple lived their romance in secret due to the taboos of the period. The Hotel Campoamor, built by Asturiano Fernando González-Campoamor, has played an important role since it was finished in 1911. Many important figures visited the place, including Rita Longa , Ernest Hemingway , Juan Marinello , Gabriela Mistral , and Ignacio Villa "Bola de Nieve." Centrales azucareros (Sugar mills) Pilar and Lavandero are landmarks of

462-669: The Mambi forces), Colonel Federico Nuñez, General Alberto Nodarse Bacallao (who was part of General Antonio Maceo's staff when he fell in San Pedro) and the parish priest of the Church of Artemisa, Guillermo González Arocha. The territory of Artemisa suffered in that period from the "Reconcentration" policy of Captain General Valeriano Weyler , a direct precedent of the Nazi concentration camps, who in an attempt to cut off

495-604: The Spanish army, being influenced by his father, a military doctor. He graduated from the Infantry School of Toledo at the age of 16. At 20, Weyler had achieved the rank of lieutenant, and he was appointed the rank of captain in 1861. In 1863, he was transferred to Cuba, and his participation in the campaign of Santo Domingo earned him the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand . During the Ten Years' War that

528-582: The approval of the Spanish public, who perceived Weyler as the right man to suppress the rebellion in Cuba . Weyler was made Governor-General of Cuba and was granted full powers to suppress the rebellion and restore Spanish rule alongside Cuba's sugar industry. Initially, he was frustrated by the same factors which had stymied his predecessors; while Spanish troops were trained in conventional warfare tactics and required substantial supplies to operate, their Cuban opponents engaged in hit-and-run tactics , lived off

561-407: The camps was abysmal, with the housing being in poor condition and the camp rations insufficient and of poor quality; disease also quickly spread through the camps. By the end of 1897, Weyler and his troops had divided Cuba into different sectors and forced more than 300,000 Cubans into the camps. Spanish forces also destroyed crops and drove away livestock as part of a scorched earth strategy to make

594-517: The church began, which was inaugurated on 22 December 1825. The origin of the name of Artemisa is uncertain. It has been argued to have originated from the Greek goddess Artemis ( Diana , in the Roman version) or that it refers to the name of Ragweed in Spanish, Artemisia ( Ambrosia artemisifolia ), abundant at the time. The municipality is founded on 9 June 1878, by royal decree in which this city

627-648: The city, as well as the mansion of sugar magnate, Julio Lobo . Artemisa's patron saint is Saint Mark the Evangelist . The church of Artemisa is located in The Park ( el Parque ). The building was renovated due to efforts made by Father Antonio Rodriguez Dias, the hard work and cooperation of many Artemiseños, and generous monetary donations from German brethren. Other sites include the Artemisa Municipal Museum . Important personalities in

660-556: The end of October 1909, he was appointed captain-general at Barcelona, where the disturbances connected with the execution of Francisco Ferrer were quelled by him without bloodshed. Valeriano Weyler, the Marquess of Tenerife, was made Duke of Rubí and Grandee of Spain by royal decree in 1920. He was charged and imprisoned for opposing the military dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera in the 1920s. He died in Madrid on 20 October 1930. He

693-452: The history of Cuba were born or lived in Artemisa. Among them Magdalena Peñaredonda, a poet and journalist, appointed as captain of rebel forces during the war of independence, Father Guillermo González Arocha, born in Regla, but whose significant contribution to the independence of Cuba was carried out while a priest in Artemisa, is considered an adopted son of the city. This priest also founded

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726-450: The land and blended in with the general population to avoid detection. Weyler responded by implementing the reconcentration policy , which was intended to separate the rebels from the civilian Cuban populace by confining the latter to concentration camps guarded by Spanish troops. Under the policy, rural Cubans had eight days to relocate to concentration camps in fortified towns, and all who failed to do so were to be shot. The quality of

759-805: The main Cuban Air Force base ( San Antonio de los Baños ) the Western base of the Cuban Navy (Cabañas Bay) and the Military Academy (College) "Antonio Maceo" in Caimito. Source: Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas 2010 The maximum elevation in the province is Guajaibon peak (700 meters), and is located near N 22 47' 19" W 83 21' 52" in Sierra del Rosario range. Artemisa Artemisa ( Spanish pronunciation: [aɾteˈmisa] )

792-422: The municipality of Artemisa had a population of 81,209. With a total area of 690 km (270 sq mi), it has a population density of 130/km (340/sq mi). During the 19th century, the town evolved with great economic prosperity based on the boom in coffee first and tobacco and sugar later. Artemisa came to have approximately 47 coffee plantations.  The most renowned was "Angerona", considered

825-622: The past and the bucolic local landscape, it has received the nickname "Jardín de Cuba" (Garden of Cuba) and is also known as the "Villa Roja" (Red Village) due to the color of its soils. The municipality is home to the University of Artemisa , which trains professionals in agricultural sciences, high school and higher education teachers, business sciences, among others. There is also the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Artemisa, which trains doctors, dentists and other health professionals. The town

858-508: The petitions of 20 young women of Malolos , Bulacan , to receive education and to have a night school. The women became known as the Women of Malolos. The original petition was denied by the parish priest of Malolos, who argued that women should always stay at home and take care of the family. Weyler happened to visit Malolos afterward and granted the petition on account of the persistence the women displayed for their petition. José Rizal wrote

891-580: The second largest coffee plantation in Cuba.  El Pilar and Andorra, both, have been closed at the beginning of the 21st century.  The sugar industry has ceased to have a leading role in the municipality. Economic development was favored by the arrival of the railway in 1864 and, later, the construction of the Central Highway of Cuba, these were decisive factors in the rise of the municipality, which became an important destination between Pinar del Río and Havana. The current economy of Artemisa

924-533: The support of the liberating troops among the Cuban rural population, forced it to concentrate in urban places. Artemisa was an important source of fighters supporting Fidel Castro 's Revolution during the attack on " Cuartel Moncada " in Santiago de Cuba (1953) and Sierra Maestra Guerrilla (1956–1959). Ramiro Valdés Menéndez, Vice President of the Council of State of Cuba, who was also a combatant alongside Che,

957-664: Was a Spanish Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the Governor-General of the Philippines and the Governor-General of Cuba , and later as the Minister for War. Weyler was born in 1838 in Palma de Mallorca , Spain. His distant paternal ancestors were originally Prussians and served in the Spanish army for several generations. He was educated in his place of birth and in Granada . Weyler decided to enter

990-639: Was appointed to command the 6th Army Corps in the Basque Provinces and Navarre , where he soon quelled agitations. He was then made captain-general at Barcelona , where he remained until January 1896. In Catalonia , with a state of siege, he made himself the terror of the anarchists and communists . After Arsenio Martínez Campos proved unable to defeat the Cuban Liberation Army , the government of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo sent Weyler to Cuba to replace him. This decision met

1023-491: Was assassinated on 8 August 1897 and a new Liberal Party ministry led by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta took over, Weyler was recalled from Cuba and replaced by the more conciliatory Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquess of Peña Plata . He served as Minister of War three separate times (1901–1902, 1905, 1906–1907) and as Chief of Staff of the Army in two separate terms (1916–1922, 1923–1925). After his return to Spain, Weyler's reputation as

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1056-467: Was fought between 1868 and 1878, he served as a colonel under General Arsenio Martínez Campos , but he returned to Spain before the end of the war to fight against Carlists in the Third Carlist War in 1873. In 1878, he was made general. From 1878 to 1883, Weyler served as Captain-General of Canary Islands . In 1888, Weyler was made Governor-General of the Philippines . Weyler granted

1089-536: Was founded in 1818. It arose as a result of a fire that occurred on 25 April 1802, in the Jesús María and Guadalupe neighborhoods in the city of Havana, which left many families homeless and pressured the Royal Consulate of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce to approve the creation of populations in extramural areas. In 1818, thanks to the donation of Don Francisco de Arango y Peñalver, the construction of

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