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68-595: Most arable land lies in the central part of Argolis. Its primary agricultural resources are oranges and olives . Argolis has a coastline on the Saronic Gulf in the northeast and on the Argolic Gulf in the south and southeast. Notable mountains ranges are the Oligyrtos in the northwest, Lyrkeio and Ktenia in the west, and Arachnaio and Didymo in the east. Argolis has land borders with Arcadia to

136-527: A characteristic second fruit at the apex , which protrudes slightly like a human navel . They are mainly an eating fruit, as their thicker skin makes them easy to peel, they are less juicy and their bitterness makes them less suitable for juice. The parent variety was probably the Portuguese navel orange or Umbigo . The cultivar rapidly spread to other countries, but being seedless it had to be propagated by cutting and grafting . The Cara cara orange

204-475: A decade the pest was controlled. This was one of the first successful applications of biological pest control on any crop. The orange dog caterpillar of the giant swallowtail butterfly, Papilio cresphontes , is a pest of citrus plantations in North America, where it eats new foliage and can defoliate young trees. Citrus greening disease , caused by the bacterium Liberobacter asiaticum , has been

272-634: A group of sweet orange x trifoliate orange ( Citrus trifoliata ) hybrids. In Europe, the Moors introduced citrus fruits including the bitter orange, lemon, and lime to Al-Andalus in the Iberian Peninsula during the Arab Agricultural Revolution . Large-scale cultivation started in the 10th century, as evidenced by complex irrigation techniques specifically adapted to support orange orchards. Citrus fruits—among them

340-480: A luxury food grown by wealthy people in private conservatories, called orangeries . By 1646, the sweet orange was well known throughout Europe; it went on to become the most often cultivated of all fruit trees. Louis XIV of France had a great love of orange trees and built the grandest of all royal Orangeries at the Palace of Versailles . At Versailles, potted orange trees in solid silver tubs were placed throughout

408-533: A much larger scale, industrially. Orange juice is a traded commodity on the Intercontinental Exchange . Frozen orange juice concentrate is made from freshly squeezed and filtered juice. Oranges are made into jam in many countries; in Britain, bitter Seville oranges are used to make marmalade . Almost the whole Spanish production is exported to Britain for this purpose. The entire fruit

476-419: A range of different sizes, and shapes varying from spherical to oblong. Inside and attached to the rind is a porous white tissue, the white, bitter mesocarp or albedo ( pith ). The orange contains a number of distinct carpels (segments or pigs, botanically the fruits) inside, typically about ten, each delimited by a membrane and containing many juice-filled vesicles and usually a few pips . When unripe,

544-484: A rootstock is grown from seed. Then, when it is approximately one year old, the leafy top is cut off and a bud taken from a specific scion variety, is grafted into its bark. The scion is what determines the variety of orange, while the rootstock makes the tree resistant to pests and diseases and adaptable to specific soil and climatic conditions. Thus, rootstocks influence the rate of growth and have an effect on fruit yield and quality. Rootstocks must be compatible with

612-538: A series of six-to-seven-foot-long tines to shake the tree canopy at a relatively constant stroke and frequency. Oranges are picked once they are pale orange. Oranges must be mature when harvested. In the United States, laws forbid harvesting immature fruit for human consumption in Texas, Arizona, California and Florida. Ripe oranges, however, often have some green or yellow-green color in the skin. Ethylene gas

680-678: A shelf life of about one month, and are best stored loose. The first major pest that attacked orange trees in the United States was the cottony cushion scale ( Icerya purchasi ), imported from Australia to California in 1868. Within 20 years, it wiped out the citrus orchards around Los Angeles, and limited orange growth throughout California. In 1888, the USDA sent Alfred Koebele to Australia to study this scale insect in its native habitat. He brought back with him specimens of an Australian ladybird , Novius cardinalis (the Vedalia beetle), and within

748-451: A short time, but also suppress beneficial predatory ladybird beetles. Soil application of aldicarb provided limited control of Asian citrus psyllid, while drenches of imidacloprid to young trees were effective for two months or more. Management of citrus greening disease requires an integrated approach that includes use of clean stock, elimination of inoculum via voluntary and regulatory means, use of pesticides to control psyllid vectors in

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816-761: A small detail one of the first representations of oranges in Western art, the costly fruit perhaps traded by the merchant Arnolfini himself. By the 17th century, orangeries were added to great houses in Europe, both to enable the fruit to be grown locally and for prestige, as seen in the Versailles Orangerie completed in 1686. The Dutch Post-Impressionist artist Vincent van Gogh portrayed oranges in paintings such as his 1889 Still Life of Oranges and Lemons with Blue Gloves and his 1890 A Child with Orange , both works late in his life. The American artist of

884-706: Is 87% water, 12% carbohydrates , 1% protein , and contains negligible fat (see table). As a 100-gram reference amount, orange flesh provides 47 calories , and is a rich source of vitamin C , providing 64% of the Daily Value . No other micronutrients are present in significant amounts (see table). Oranges contain diverse phytochemicals , including carotenoids ( beta-carotene , lutein and beta-cryptoxanthin ), flavonoids (e.g. naringenin ) and numerous volatile organic compounds producing orange aroma , including aldehydes , esters , terpenes , alcohols , and ketones . Orange juice contains only about one-fifth

952-519: Is a hesperidium , a modified berry ; it is covered by a rind formed by a rugged thickening of the ovary wall . Citrus trees are angiosperms , and most species are almost entirely interfertile . This includes grapefruits , lemons , limes , oranges, and many citrus hybrids . As the interfertility of oranges and other citrus has produced numerous hybrids and cultivars , and bud mutations have also been selected, citrus taxonomy has proven difficult. The sweet orange, Citrus x sinensis ,

1020-453: Is a higher sugar/acid ratio with less bitterness. As a citrus fruit, the orange is acidic, with pH levels ranging from 2.9 to 4.0. Taste and aroma vary according to genetic background, environmental conditions during development, ripeness at harvest, postharvest conditions, and storage duration. Common oranges (also called "white", "round", or "blond" oranges) constitute about two-thirds of all orange production. The majority of this crop

1088-701: Is a type of navel orange grown mainly in Venezuela , South Africa and California's San Joaquin Valley . It is sweet and low in acid, with distinctively pinkish red flesh. It was discovered at the Hacienda Cara Cara in Valencia , Venezuela, in 1976. Blood oranges, with an intense red coloration inside, are widely grown around the Mediterranean; there are several cultivars. The development of

1156-636: Is an efficient cleaning agent with a pleasant smell, promoted for being environmentally friendly and therefore preferable to petrochemicals. It is, however, irritating to the skin and toxic to aquatic life. Oranges have featured in human culture since ancient times. The earliest mention of the sweet orange in Chinese literature dates from 314 BC. Larissa Pham, in The Paris Review , notes that sweet oranges were available in China much earlier than in

1224-577: Is an example of many such prestigious extensions of grand gardens in Europe designed both to shelter tender plants and impress visitors. With the addition of the Orangerie, the gardens, no longer reserved solely for use by Louis XIV , had the added use of a theatrical setting that could be used to entertain guests at court. In the winter, the Versailles Orangerie houses more than a thousand trees in boxes. In previous centuries, in winter,

1292-410: Is cut up and boiled with sugar; the pith contributes pectin , which helps the marmalade to set. The first recipe was by an Englishwoman, Mary Kettilby , in 1714. Pieces of peel were first added by Janet Keiller of Dundee in the 1790s, contributing a distinctively bitter taste. Orange peel contains the bitter substances limonene and naringin . Zest is scraped from the coloured outer part of

1360-469: Is not a wild fruit, but arose in domestication in East Asia. It originated in a region encompassing Southern China , Northeast India , and Myanmar . The fruit was created as a cross between a non-pure mandarin orange and a hybrid pomelo that had a substantial mandarin component. Since its chloroplast DNA is that of pomelo, it was likely the hybrid pomelo, perhaps a pomelo BC1 backcross , that

1428-439: Is often sold fresh and blended with juice from other regions, because Indian River trees yield sweet oranges but in relatively small quantities. Oranges, whose flavor may vary from sweet to sour , are commonly peeled and eaten fresh raw as a dessert. Orange juice is obtained by squeezing the fruit on a special tool (a juicer or squeezer ) and collecting the juice in a tray or tank underneath. This can be made at home or, on

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1496-466: Is used for juice. The Valencia orange is a late-season fruit; it is popular when navel oranges are out of season. Thomas Rivers , an English nurseryman, imported this variety from the Azores and catalogued it in 1865 under the name Excelsior. Around 1870, he provided trees to S. B. Parsons, a Long Island nurseryman, who in turn sold them to E. H. Hart of Federal Point, Florida . Navel oranges have

1564-506: Is used to turn green skin to orange. This process is known as "degreening", "gassing", "sweating", or "curing". Oranges are non- climacteric fruits and cannot ripen internally in response to ethylene gas after harvesting, though they will de-green externally. Commercially, oranges can be stored by refrigeration in controlled-atmosphere chambers for up to twelve weeks after harvest. Storage life ultimately depends on cultivar, maturity, pre-harvest conditions, and handling. At home, oranges have

1632-504: The "Parterre Bas" . The bitter orange ( Citrus × aurantium ) was introduced to Europe by the 15th or 16th century. At first, bitter oranges were an expensive food item, with some medieval cookbooks detailing exactly how many orange slices a visiting dignitary was entitled to. Citrus soon became the fashion of the nobility and rich merchants. By the 15th century, sweet oranges ( Citrus × sinensis ) had become well-established and had assumed commercial importance in Europe. In France,

1700-623: The Ashcan School , John Sloan , made a 1935 painting Blond Nude with Orange, Blue Couch , while Henri Matisse 's last painting was his 1951 Nude with Oranges ; after that he only made cut-outs. Versailles Orangerie The Versailles Orangerie ( French : L'orangerie du château de Versailles ) was built by Jules Hardouin-Mansart between 1684 and 1686, before work on the Château de Versailles had even begun. The Orangerie, which replaced Louis Le Vau 's earlier design from 1663,

1768-520: The citric acid of lime or lemon juice (which contain about 47 g/L). The taste of oranges is determined mainly by the ratio of sugars to acids, whereas orange aroma derives from volatile organic compounds , including alcohols , aldehydes , ketones , terpenes , and esters . Bitter limonoid compounds, such as limonin , decrease gradually during development, whereas volatile aroma compounds tend to peak in mid- to late-season development. Taste quality tends to improve later in harvests when there

1836-531: The mandarin orange ( Citrus reticulata ). The chloroplast genome , and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo. There are many related hybrids including of mandarins and sweet orange. The sweet orange has had its full genome sequenced . The orange originated in a region encompassing Southern China , Northeast India , and Myanmar ; the earliest mention of the sweet orange was in Chinese literature in 314 BC. Orange trees are widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas for their sweet fruit. The fruit of

1904-725: The orange tree can be eaten fresh or processed for its juice or fragrant peel . In 2022, 76 million tonnes of oranges were grown worldwide, with Brazil producing 22% of the total, followed by India and China . Oranges, variously understood, have featured in human culture since ancient times. They first appear in Western art in the Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck , but they had been depicted in Chinese art centuries earlier, as in Zhao Lingrang's Song dynasty fan painting Yellow Oranges and Green Tangerines . By

1972-584: The 17th century, an orangery had become an item of prestige in Europe, as seen at the Versailles Orangerie . More recently, artists such as Vincent van Gogh , John Sloan , and Henri Matisse included oranges in their paintings. The orange tree is a relatively small evergreen , flowering tree, with an average height of 9 to 10 m (30 to 33 ft), although some very old specimens can reach 15 m (49 ft). Its oval leaves , which are alternately arranged , are 4 to 10 cm (1.6 to 3.9 in) long and have crenulate margins. Sweet oranges grow in

2040-574: The Near East (where they are especially popular), succari in Egypt, and lima in Brazil. The lack of acid, which protects orange juice against spoilage in other groups, renders them generally unfit for processing as juice, so they are primarily eaten. They remain profitable in areas of local consumption, but rapid spoilage renders them unsuitable for export to major population centres of Europe, Asia, or

2108-526: The Neptune Basin rather than destroy it, but he did call in his preferred sculptor François Girardon to re-shape the face and the base of the statue. Recast as a representation of the ancient Roman hero Marcus Curtius , it was moved to the north side of the Pièce d'eau des Suisses , opposite the boundary of the Orangerie parterre, where it remained for centuries. In another part of the Orangerie lies

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2176-402: The United States. Like most citrus plants, oranges do well under moderate temperatures—between 15.5 and 29 °C (59.9 and 84.2 °F)—and require considerable amounts of sunshine and water. They are principally grown in tropical and subtropical regions. As oranges are sensitive to frost , farmers have developed methods to protect the trees from frost damage. A common process is to spray

2244-458: The West. She writes that Zhao Lingrang's fan painting Yellow Oranges and Green Tangerines pays attention not to the fruit's colour but the shape of the fruit-laden trees, and that Su Shi's poem on the same subject runs "You must remember, / the best scenery of the year, / Is exactly now, / when oranges turn yellow and tangerines green." The scholar Cristina Mazzoni has examined the multiple uses of

2312-492: The air temperature very slightly. Smudge pots were developed after a disastrous freeze in southern California in January 1913 destroyed a whole crop. Commercially grown orange trees are propagated asexually by grafting a mature cultivar onto a suitable seedling rootstock to ensure the same yield , identical fruit characteristics, and resistance to diseases throughout the years. Propagation involves two stages: first,

2380-453: The bitter orange—were introduced to Sicily in the 9th century during the period of the Emirate of Sicily , but the sweet orange was unknown there until the late 15th century or the beginnings of the 16th century, when Italian and Portuguese merchants brought orange trees into the Mediterranean area. Shortly afterward, the sweet orange quickly was adopted as an edible fruit. It was considered

2448-550: The central gallery is over 150 metres (490 ft) long and 13 metres (43 ft) high. The central gallery faces south to optimize the natural warming effects of the sun, which, combined with the double glazing of the windows, provides a frost-free environment without the use of artificial heating year-round. At the center of the Parterre Bas is a large circular pool with a jet d'eau water feature, surrounded by formal lawns planted with topiary . From May to October,

2516-436: The citrus crop, and biological control of the vectors in non-crop reservoirs. Greasy spot, a fungal disease caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella citri , produces leaf spots and premature defoliation, thus reducing the tree's vigour and yield. Ascospores of M. citri are generated in pseudothecia in decomposing fallen leaves. In 2022, world production of oranges was 76 million tonnes , led by Brazil with 22% of

2584-718: The first orangery was built and stocked by Charles VIII at the Château d'Amboise . There is general agreement that the arrival of the sweet orange in Europe was linked with the activities of the Portuguese during the 15th century, and particularly by Vasco de Gama 's voyages to the East. Although the Romans had been acquainted with lemons and oranges as well as different types of citrus fruits, oranges (bitter and sweet) and lemons reached Europe centuries apart. By withholding water and nutrients, and by using pruning techniques , French gardeners were able to make citrus trees bloom throughout

2652-492: The fruit in Italian art and literature, from Catherine of Siena 's sending of candied oranges to Pope Urban , to Sandro Botticelli 's setting of his painting Primavera in an orange grove. She notes that oranges symbolised desire and wealth on the one hand, and deformity on the other, while in the fairy-stories of Sicily, they have magical properties. Pham comments that the Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck contains in

2720-487: The fruit is green. The grainy irregular rind of the ripe fruit can range from bright orange to yellow-orange, but frequently retains green patches or, under warm climate conditions, remains entirely green. Like all other citrus fruits, the sweet orange is non- climacteric , not ripening off the tree. The Citrus sinensis group is subdivided into four classes with distinct characteristics: common oranges, blood or pigmented oranges, navel oranges, and acidless oranges. The fruit

2788-709: The fruit on Hispaniola . Subsequent expeditions in the mid-1500s brought sweet oranges to South America and Mexico, and to Florida in 1565, when Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded St Augustine . Spanish missionaries brought orange trees to Arizona between 1707 and 1710, while the Franciscans did the same in San Diego, California, in 1769. Archibald Menzies , the botanist on the Vancouver Expedition , collected orange seeds in South Africa, raised

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2856-474: The initial n present in earlier forms of the word dropped off because it may have been mistaken as part of an indefinite article ending in an n sound. In French, for example, une norenge may have been heard as une orenge . This linguistic change is called juncture loss . The color was named after the fruit, with the first recorded use of orange as a color name in English in 1512. Orange flesh

2924-470: The most prominent sculptor of the Baroque period. Louis XIV was famously displeased with the likeness of Bernini's statue of him, ordering its destruction when he first saw it in 1685. Louis was a skilled horseman and felt the sculpture's pose and drama was generally wild and inconsistent with his royal dignity.  He was persuaded to move the statue to a remote location in the gardens, on the north side of

2992-464: The most serious threat to orange production since 2010. It is characterized by streaks of different shades on the leaves, and deformed, poorly colored, unsavory fruit. In areas where the disease is endemic, citrus trees live for only five to eight years and never bear fruit suitable for consumption. In the western hemisphere, the disease was discovered in Florida in 1998, where it has attacked nearly all

3060-429: The municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below. The provinces of Argolis were: The area is connected by highways: Orange (fruit) The orange , also called sweet orange to distinguish it from the bitter orange ( Citrus × aurantium ), is the fruit of a tree in the family Rutaceae . Botanically, this is the hybrid Citrus × sinensis , between the pomelo ( Citrus maxima ) and

3128-458: The octagon bath of Rouge de Rance marble which once belonged to Louis XIV. It was originally installed in a lavish five-room bathing complex belonging to the King's mistress, Madame de Montespan . The Orangerie was home to many Bronze replicas of Classical sculpture. Symmetry and antithesis dominated the gardens and Orangerie. In 1701 a bronze Hercules was placed in the Orangerie at Versailles and

3196-400: The orange trees and other trees are exposed in the lower bed. There are over 1,000 different containers altogether, with several pomegranate ( Punica granatum ), olive ( Olea europea ), and orange ( Citrus × sinensis ) trees that are over 200 years old. The Orangerie shelters an assortment of statuary, the most famous of which is an equestrian statue of Louis XIV by Gian Lorenzo Bernini ,

3264-538: The orange trees at Versailles, but compared them unfavorably to William's own collections in Holland . The Versailles Orangerie is under the flowerbed known as "Parterre du Midi" . Its central gallery is 155 m (509 ft) in length, and its frontage is directed towards the south. The Parterre Bas is bordered on its south side by a balustrade overlooking the Saint-Cyr-l'École . This separates it from

3332-493: The peel , and used as a flavoring and garnish in desserts and cocktails . Sweet orange oil is a by-product of the juice industry produced by pressing the peel. It is used for flavoring food and drinks; it is employed in the perfume industry and in aromatherapy for its fragrance . The oil consists of approximately 90% D -limonene, a solvent used in household chemicals such as wood conditioners for furniture and—along with other citrus oils—detergents and hand cleansers. It

3400-625: The red color requires cool nights. The redness is mainly due to the anthocyanin pigment chrysanthemin (cyanidin 3- O -glucoside). Acidless oranges are an early-season fruit with very low levels of acid. They also are called "sweet" oranges in the United States, with similar names in other countries: douce in France, sucrena in Spain, dolce or maltese in Italy, meski in North Africa and

3468-497: The rooms of the palace, while the Orangerie allowed year-round cultivation of the fruit to supply the court. When Louis condemned his finance minister, Nicolas Fouquet , in 1664, part of the treasures that he confiscated were over 1,000 orange trees from Fouquet's estate at Vaux-le-Vicomte . Spanish travelers introduced the sweet orange to the American continent. On his second voyage in 1493, Christopher Columbus may have planted

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3536-640: The seedlings on board, and gave them to several Hawaiian chiefs in 1792. The sweet orange came to be grown across the Hawaiian Islands , but its cultivation stopped after the arrival of the Mediterranean fruit fly in the early 1900s. Florida farmers obtained seeds from New Orleans around 1872, after which orange groves were established by grafting the sweet orange on to sour orange rootstocks. The word "orange" derives ultimately from Proto-Dravidian or Tamil நாரம் ( nāram ). From there

3604-459: The size of the original. Completed in 1688, the masonry pavilions of the new Orangerie were modelled on the theories of the horticulturalist Jean-Baptiste de La Quintinie, the master gardener of the Potager du roi , whose writings detailed a system for protecting exotic plants from the cold without the use of artificial heating. As Louis XIV grew older he became allergic to flowers and preferred

3672-520: The smell of the citrus trees, developing a love for orange trees. He had them potted in solid silver tubs and placed throughout the state rooms of the Palace to perfume the air. The Orangerie was intended to supply the palace with specimens and supply the Court with fruit year-round. In 1664, a year after the first Orangerie was completed, Louis XIV disgraced his former Finance Minister Nicolas Fouquet , who

3740-426: The themes of the piece reflected those of Louis XIV's rule. Other Italian Renisances pieces in the gardens included copies of Bacchus and Diana. Originally completed in 1663, the Orangerie was intended to supply the much smaller hunting lodge of Versailles and the small retinue which Louis XIV would bring with him in the summer. In 1678, an enlargement of the Orangerie was begun by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, which doubled

3808-515: The total, followed by India, China, and Mexico. The United States Department of Agriculture has established grades for Florida oranges, primarily for oranges sold as fresh fruit. In the United States, groves are located mainly in Florida , California , and Texas . The majority of California's crop is sold as fresh fruit, whereas Florida's oranges are destined to juice products. The Indian River area of Florida produces high quality juice, which

3876-506: The trees ever since. It was reported in Brazil by Fundecitrus Brasil in 2004. As from 2009, 0.87% of the trees in Brazil's main orange growing areas (São Paulo and Minas Gerais) showed symptoms of greening, an increase of 49% over 2008. The disease is spread primarily by psyllid plant lice such as the Asian citrus psyllid ( Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), an efficient vector of the bacterium. Foliar insecticides reduce psyllid populations for

3944-405: The trees to develop a unique shape with small heads and thick trunks. The central gallery is flanked by two side galleries located under the "Escaliers des Cent Marches" (so-called because each staircase has 100 steps). The three galleries enclose the lower bed ( Parterre Bas ), also called "Parterre de l'orangerie" . The walls of these galleries are 4–5 metres (13–16 ft) thick and

4012-551: The trees were housed in a cathedral-like space, and during the coldest months, the gardeners would burn fires to heat the housing of the trees. In 1689 gardener Valentin Lopin created a device to transport and move the large orange trees. Most of the trees are citrus trees originally shipped from Italy, but there are many tender Mediterranean plants including oleanders , olive , pomegranate , and palm trees, totaling over 1,055 altogether. From May to October, they are put outdoors in

4080-430: The trees with water so as to cover them with a thin layer of ice, insulating them even if air temperatures drop far lower. This practice, however, offers protection only for a very short time. Another procedure involves burning fuel oil in smudge pots put between the trees. These burn with a great deal of particulate emission, so condensation of water vapor on the particulate soot prevents condensation on plants and raises

4148-496: The variety inserted into them because otherwise, the tree may decline, be less productive, or die. Among the advantages to grafting are that trees mature uniformly and begin to bear fruit earlier than those reproduced by seeds (3 to 4 years in contrast with 6 to 7 years), and that farmers can combine the best attributes of a scion with those of a rootstock. Canopy-shaking mechanical harvesters are being used increasingly in Florida to harvest oranges. Current canopy shaker machines use

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4216-591: The west and southwest, Corinthia to the north, and the Islands regional unit ( Troezen area) to the east. Ancient Argolis included Troezen. Parts of the history of the area can be found in the articles on Argos , Mycenae , Epidaurus , Nafplio , Troezen , Ermioni , Kranidi , Tiryns and Tolo . From 1833 to 1899, Argolis was part of Argolidocorinthia , which included present Corinthia , Hydra , Spetses and Kythira . It joined Corinthia to form Argolidocorinthia again in 1909. Forty years later, in 1949, Argolis

4284-460: The wild, from a cross between pure mandarin and pomelo parents. Sweet oranges have in turn given rise to many further hybrids including the grapefruit , which arose from a sweet orange x pomelo backcross. Spontaneous and engineered backcrosses between the sweet orange and mandarin oranges or tangerines have produced the clementine and murcott . The ambersweet is a complex sweet orange x (Orlando tangelo x clementine) hybrid. The citranges are

4352-431: The word entered Sanskrit नारङ्ग ( nāraṅga ), meaning 'orange tree'. The Sanskrit word reached European languages through Persian نارنگ ( nārang ) and its Arabic derivative نارنج ( nāranj ). The word entered Late Middle English in the 14th century via Old French pomme d'orenge . Other forms include Old Provençal auranja , Italian arancia , formerly narancia . In several languages,

4420-406: The year, to the delight of Louis XIV . Citrus motifs formed themes in sculpture, mosaics, embroidery, weaving, paintings, poems, and songs throughout history, and orange blossoms remain prized as floral ornaments at weddings. However, during a trip to Versailles, John Locke wrote about the appearance of the trees, stating that the boxes the trees were planted in did not enable proper rooting, causing

4488-639: Was convicted of maladministration. Fouquet suffered the confiscation of his property to the Crown, including over 1,000 orange trees from Vaux-le-Vicomte which were transferred to the Orangerie. Numbering several thousand trees by the 1790s, the Orangerie was the largest of its kind in Europe and a major attraction for visiting diplomats and foreign royalty. In 1698 the British Ambassador to France , William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland , reported back to King William III that he had been taken to view

4556-399: Was finally separated from Corinthia. The regional unit Argolis is subdivided into 4 municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox): As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Argolis was created out of the former prefecture Argolis ( Greek : Νομός Αργολίδας ). The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit. At the same time,

4624-434: Was the maternal parent of the first orange. Based on genomic analysis, the relative proportions of the ancestral species in the sweet orange are approximately 42% pomelo and 58% mandarin. All varieties of the sweet orange descend from this prototype cross, differing only by mutations selected for during agricultural propagation. Sweet oranges have a distinct origin from the bitter orange, which arose independently, perhaps in

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