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24-462: The establishment of Cunucu Arikok resulted from the development of Arikok National Park. This region was once a small plantation owned by Arie Kok, featuring an adobe house ( cas di torto ). Surrounding the house, there existed a substantial, wild garden with nameplates highlighting various common Aruban plant species. Moreover, within the rural expanse, dolerite rocks adorned with indigenous rock paintings can be found. One of these paintings serves as

48-536: A common, salt-tolerant species. Trees are scarce in this environment. Vegetation type 6 is mainly in the northern part of the national park and other regional areas. This dry type thrives on the windward side of hills. Hubada, Basora preto, Tuna, and Bushi are common, appearing in over 50% of the surveys. Breba, Seida, and Cadushi also feature in over 50% of the surveys. Indicator species for this type include Shimarucu , Breba, Camari, Patia shimaron , and Yerba chico. In Arikok National Park, herbivory affects

72-572: A single centimeter to over a meter in width. These quartz veins were mined for their gold content. More than 20 veins were mined, with the Miralamar mine being particularly notable. Aruba is home to several unique species, some of which are endemic to the island. Within the Arikok National Park, these unique species find habitat and thrive due to the specific microclimates created by the rock outcrops. Notable endemic reptiles in

96-485: A watercourse which would be expected to flow in excess of one hundred cubic feet per second as the result of a 100 year storm event." Research has been conducted in the hydrological modeling relative to arroyos. Natural arroyos are made through the process known as arroyo-cutting. This occurs in arid regions such as New Mexico, where heavy rains can lead to enlargement of rivers cutting into surrounding rock creating ravines which are dry under normal weather conditions. It

120-1000: Is a dry watercourse that temporarily or seasonally fills and flows after sufficient rain . Flash floods are common in arroyos following thunderstorms . It's akin to the Catalan rambla , which stems from the Arabic rámla , "dry river". Similar landforms are referred to as wadi (in North Africa and Western Asia), chapp in the Gobi, laagate in the Kalahari, donga in South Africa, nullah in India, fiumare in Italy, and dry valley in England. The desert dry wash biome

144-452: Is almost exclusively found in and around arroyos and leeward sides of hills. Vegetation Type 1, Fofoti–Druif–Cocorobana, is primarily located along the coasts and in dune systems. Indicator species for this vegetation type include Banana di rif , Mansaniya , and Bai no bolbera . These three species are exclusive to this vegetation type and were not found in other field surveys. Vegetation type 3, Beishi di Baranca–Seida–Funfun

168-545: Is argued, however, whether these excessively stormy periods are the sole cause of arroyo-cutting as other factors such as long-term climate changes must also be taken into account. Further, overgrazing by livestock throughout the 20th century and today has removed vast amounts of surface vegetation which decreases ground infiltration of precipitation and increased runoff, increasing speed and energy of high flow rain events. Coupled with groundwater pumping this increases downcutting in arroyos as well. Arroyo cutting which occurred in

192-410: Is exclusive to the limestone plateau in the southern part of the national park and is primarily made up of Beishi di baranca, Tuna , Seida, Basora preto , and Cadushi . Indicator species such as Bringamosa , Funfun, Yerba di sero , and Laseis are common in this type but can also be found in other vegetation types. Vegetation Type 4, Beishi di baranca–Walishali–Basora preto–Mata di piska,

216-491: Is exclusively found on the limestone plateau in the southern part of the national park. Primarily composed of Basora preto, Beishi di baranca, Seida, Tuna, and Flor di sanger , this vegetation type's key indicators include Walishali, Mata di piská, Loki-loki , Mata di yuana, and Palo cayente . Palo cayente is unique to this vegetation type, while the other indicators, though prevalent here, have also been observed in other vegetation types. Types 3 and 4 exclusively occur on

240-573: Is restricted to the arroyos of the southwestern United States. Arroyos provide a water source to desert animals. Arroyos can be natural fluvial landforms or constructed flood control channels . The term usually applies to a sloped or mountainous terrain in xeric and desert climates. In addition: in many rural communities arroyos are also the principal transportation routes; and in many urban communities arroyos are also parks and recreational locations, often with linear multi-use bicycle, pedestrian, and equestrian trails. Flash flooding can cause

264-560: The Aruba lava formation (ALF), Aruba Batholith , and limestone terraces. The youngest formation, limestone shelves, rests atop the second-oldest, the Batholith. The oldest, the ALF, is not visible. Magma rose, cutting through formations and solidifying into quartz veins . These veins are younger than the surrounding formations. The magma brought up minerals, including gold . Veins vary from

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288-581: The 1900s in the southwestern United States caused serious farming issues such as a lowered water table and the destruction of agriculture lands. In agricultural areas in climates needing irrigation, farmers traditionally relied on small constructed arroyos, acequias , zanjas or aqueduct channels and ditches for the distribution of water. An example of larger constructed arroyos is in Albuquerque, New Mexico . There are several miles of open-air concrete lined drainage channels that drain an area into

312-498: The Aruban government. A commission was subsequently formed to establish Arikok National Park, and in 1997, they formulated a policy document outlining how the national park would be managed. Finally, in 2000, the Arikok National Park was officially established through a Ministerial Order. By 2003, it had evolved into a foundation, Fundacion Parke Nacional Aruba (FPNA). Arikok National Park features three primary geological formations,

336-573: The Miralamar area of the park are also visible. After closing in 1916, the gold mines and surrounding structures are now largely overgrown. The concept of a national park in Aruba was first considered in the late 1960s. However, it wasn't until 1980 that a plan was put forth for the development of the Arikok-Jamanota area as a national park. Only a portion of this plan was realized, leading to

360-490: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.132 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 942886755 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:33:00 GMT Arroyo (watercourse) An arroyo ( / ə ˈ r ɔɪ oʊ / ), from Spanish arroyo ( Spanish: [aˈroʝo] , "brook"), also called a wash ,

384-482: The area include the cascabel ( Crotalus unicolor ), the santanero or (Aruban) Baker's cat-eyed snake ( Leptodeira bakeri ), and the kododo blauw or Aruban whiptail lizard ( Cnemidophorus arubensis ). The avian inhabitants include the shoco or Aruban burrowing owl ( Athene cunicularia arubensis ) and the prikichi or Aruban parakeet ( Aratinga pertinax arubensis ). Arikok National Park features seven vegetation types (using local names). Most vegetation

408-451: The cave. It is only open to visitors who participate in guided tours with park staff. The park features historic adobe plantation houses, the original cunucu (rural) houses known as Cas di torto . Cunucu Arikok , an early farmstead thoughtfully restored for preservation, recalls Aruba's agricultural history. Protective measures like cactus hedges and stone walls were erected to ward off goats, sheep, and donkeys. Abandoned gold mines in

432-581: The creation of Cunucu Arikok. In 1995, the government introduced a new plan for the national park's development, coinciding with the implementation of the Nature Protection Regulation. This regulation laid the foundation for a comprehensive nature protection policy on the island of Aruba and marked the beginning of the national park's establishment. The year 1996 witnessed the approval of the Nature and Landscape Structure Memorandum by

456-613: The current logo of the nature reserve. The reserve's name also originates from the proprietor of the adobe house, which remains within the reserve in a renovated state. Arikok National Park is repository of historical and cultural heritage. Its historical significance is evident in Fontein Cave , where, pre-Columbian, Arawak cave drawings offer a glimpse into early human activity. More recent additions include drawings by early European settlers and contemporary graffiti, which has prompted protective measures, including gating and locking

480-616: The decline in vegetation cover, rendering bare soils vulnerable to wind and water erosion. This issue is often attributed to the trampling and grazing of livestock. Simultaneously, Off Road Driving (ORD) has a negative impact on the surrounding environment, affecting both social and ecological aspects. ORD generates dust clouds that harm native vegetation, negatively impacting the ecosystem. Dust impact analyses and studies reveal muddy layers on vegetation, reduced leaf abundance, and overall degradation of flora in off-road dust-affected areas. Dust impacts extend over 200 metres (660 ft) from

504-684: The deep arroyos or deposition of sediment on flooded lands. This can lower the groundwater level of the surrounding area, making it unsuitable for agriculture. However a shallow water table lowered in desert arroyo valleys can reduce saline seeping and alkali deposits in the topsoil , making it suitable for irrigated farming . In the U.S. state New Mexico , the Doña Ana County Drainage Ordinance defines an arroyo as "a watercourse that conducts an intermittent or ephemeral flow, providing primary drainage for an area of land of 40 acres (160,000 m ) or larger; or

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528-590: The environment, leading to diminished ecosystem functionality. This pollution negatively impacts soil quality and obstructs plant growth by altering soil nutrient composition and reducing seedling viability. The FPNA is an independent organization overseeing a significant portion of Aruba, including Arikok National Park and Spanish Lagoon . This includes marine park Aruba and other designated terrestrial areas (see Conservation geography of Aruba), covering approximately 25% of Aruba's total surface area. Cas di torto Too Many Requests If you report this error to

552-413: The limestone plateau. Key species, constituting over 50% of the plateau, include Beishi di baranca, Basora preto, Seida, Tuna, Walishali, Hubada, Cadushi, and Flor di sanger. Tanchi , Palo cayente, and Funfun are largely confined to the limestone plateau, seldom appearing in other areas. Found along the coast, this type is characterized by open, low vegetation due to strong trade winds , with Funfun being

576-535: The road, affecting Parke Nacional Arikok. Experiments comparing flora in high and low ORD-impacted areas demonstrate significant differences. Continued ORD on the road to Conchi poses a risk of desertification in the San Fuego to Conchi area. ORD engine oil spill has been documented on ORD roads in the National Park. Engine oil pollution, known for its mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, adversely alters

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