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77-709: The translator began in a June 1953 contract from the US Navy to the International Telemeter Corporation (ITC) of Los Angeles. This was not for a translation system, but a pure research and development contract for a high-performance photographic online storage medium consisting of small black rectangles embedded in a plastic disk. When the initial contract ran out, what was then the Rome Air Development Center (RADC) took up further funding in 1954 and onwards. The system

154-728: A 1968 report concluded that "there seems to be no reason to attribute [the unexplained sightings] to an extraterrestrial source without much more convincing evidence." The FTD sent all of its case files to the USAF Historical Research Center , which transferred them in 1976 to the National Archives and Records Service in Washington, DC, which became the permanent repository of the Project Sign/Grudge/Blue Book records. In

231-403: A 1988 interview, Senator Barry Goldwater claimed he had asked Gen. Curtis LeMay for access to a secret UFO room at WPAFB and an angry LeMay said, "Not only can't you get into it but don't you ever mention it to me again." The Army Air Forces Technical Base ( Air Force Technical Base before being designated a USAF base) was formed on 15 December 1945, under Brig Gen Joseph T. Morris, during

308-493: A COVID-19 vaccination site in support of the Federal Emergency Management whole-of-government COVID response. The base sent medical Air Force professionals to New York City after airmen from the 445th Airlift Wing were deployed to aid the city's response . In addition to the command headquarters, major units formerly assigned to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base include: Located adjacent to

385-635: A campaign that raised $ 425,000 in two days and purchased 4,520.47 acres (18.2937 km ) northeast of Dayton, including Wilbur Wright Field and the Huffman Prairie Flying Field. In 1924, the committee presented the deeds to President Calvin Coolidge for the construction of a new aviation engineering center. The entire acreage (including the Fairfield Air Depot) was designated Wright Field, which had units such as

462-893: A long history of flight tests spanning from the Wright Brothers into the Space Age . It is the headquarters of the Air Force Materiel Command , one of the major commands of the Air Force. "Wright-Patt" (as the base is colloquially called) is also the location of a major USAF Medical Center (hospital), the Air Force Institute of Technology , and the National Museum of the United States Air Force , formerly known as

539-558: A military contractor in the process of rapidly acquiring new technologies. Development at IBM continued, and the system went fully operational at FTD in February 1964. The system was demonstrated at the 1964 New York World's Fair . The version at the Fair included a 150,000 word dictionary, with about 1/3 of the words in phrases. About 3,500 of these were stored in core memory to improve performance, and an average speed of 20 words per minute

616-532: A number of one-off translations of other materials upon request. Assuming there was a shortage of qualified translators, the FTD became extremely interested in King's efforts at IBM. Funding for an upgraded machine was soon forthcoming, and work began on a "Mark II" system based around a transistorized computer with a faster and higher-capacity 10 inch glass-based optical disc spinning at 2,400 RPM. Another addition

693-519: A year, the 7th and 12th Radar Calibration Units. The entire Watson Laboratories , which was acquiring the "state-of-the-art" Bendix AN/FPS-3 Radar for Air Defense Command , transferred to Griffiss from Camp Coles NJ , from 6 November 1950 until 2 April 1951, the date Griffiss AFB transferred to Air Research and Development Command . During the move the 3151st Electronics Group was activated on 14 March 1951. The "Rome Air Development Center" headquarters officially opened on June 12, 1951, with

770-521: Is a United States Air Force base and census-designated place just east of Dayton, Ohio , in Greene and Montgomery counties. It includes both Wright and Patterson Fields, which were originally Wilbur Wright Field and Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot. Patterson Field is approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) northeast of Dayton ; Wright Field is approximately 8.0 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Dayton. The host unit at Wright-Patterson AFB

847-572: Is the 88th Air Base Wing (88 ABW), assigned to the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center and Air Force Materiel Command . The 88 ABW operates the airfield, maintains all infrastructure and provides security, communications, medical, legal, personnel, contracting, finance, transportation, air traffic control, weather forecasting, public affairs, recreation and chaplain services for more than 60 associate units. The Air Force's National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC)

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924-556: The 137th Aero Squadron , were killed at Wright Field in the crash of their de Havilland DH.4 after its wings collapsed during a dive while firing at ground targets with a new synchronized-through–the–propeller machine gun. Patterson's grave and memorial arch is at Woodland Cemetery and Aborateum in Dayton, Ohio. The area's World War II Army Air Fields had employment increase from approximately 3,700 in December 1939 to over 50,000 at

1001-510: The AN/MPQ-2 ; RADC integrated AN/MPS-9 radars with RBS plotting to create the AN/MSQ-1 (with OA-132 plotting computer/board)) and AN/MSQ-2 (OA-215) —RADC also developed SAC's "AN/GSA-19 Blanking System" for safety at RBS radar stations . RADC began using a new intelligence and reconnaissance laboratory building on 27 May 1954, and an AN/GPA-37 "developed by RADC [and] installed at

1078-667: The Air Technical Intelligence Center (ATIC) began analysis of crashed Soviet aircraft from the Korean war. In March 1952, ATIC established an Aerial Phenomena Group to study reported UFO sightings, including those in Washington, DC, in 1952. By 1969, the Foreign Technology Division (FTD) and its predecessor organizations had studied 12,618 reported sightings: 701 remained unexplained when the Air Force closed its UFO investigations, and

1155-608: The Bosnian War were held at the base, resulting in the Dayton Agreement , ending the war. The 88th Air Base Wing is commanded by Col. Travis W. Pond on an interim basis due to the removal of Col. Christopher B. Meeker who was relieved due to a loss of confidence in his ability to lead. Its Command Chief Master Sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Lloyd E. Morales. The base had a total of 27,406 military, civilian and contract employees in 2010. The Greene County portion of

1232-807: The C-17 Globemaster heavy airlifter . Wright-Patterson is also the headquarters of the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center and the Air Force Research Laboratory . Wright-Patterson is the host of the annual United States Air Force Marathon which occurs the weekend closest to the Air Force's anniversary. The base conducts neurotechnology research. Flying and notable non-flying units based at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Wright-Patterson, are subordinate to

1309-702: The Cheyenne Mountain Complex . RADC developed a 1960s machine translation for Russian language documents and in the late 1960s, RADC coordinated the Ling-Temco-Vought AN/TRN-26 deployable TACAN development for the Vietnam War (1st units went to Israel and Camp David 's "DVD" site.) In the 1970s War On Drugs , RADC COMPASS TRIP research investigated "multispectral reconnaissance techniques to locate opium poppy fields". By December 1977 RADC had developed

1386-577: The Mad River at the northeast boundary of the base, near the former location of the village of Osborn , were purchased for a Strategic Air Command dispersal site. Area D structures were demolished in 1957 (donated to the state in 1963 for Wright State University ). In February 1958 the Wright Field (Area B) runways were closed to all jet traffic (1959 Area C operations included 139,276 takeoffs and landings, Area B had 44,699.) The West Ramp complex

1463-624: The Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter, while the post-war Operation Paperclip brought German scientists and technicians to Wright Field, e.g., Ernst R. G. Eckert (most of the scientists eventually went to work in the various Wright Field labs.) Project Sign ( Project Grudge in 1949, Project Blue Book in March 1952) was WPAFB's T-2 Intelligence investigations of unidentified flying objects (UFO) reports that began in July 1947. In 1951,

1540-724: The Norden bombsights and tested/rebuilt large airplane engines, and Army Air Field, Rome , was established as a WWII USAAF airfield in New York on 4 Nov 1942. World War II technical squadrons included the "600 Engrg Sq" (10 Oct 44-30 Oct 44) and the "1 Acft Assembly Sq" (21 Aug 45-6 Nov 45). Renamed Griffiss Air Force Base on 23 Jan 1948 , the World War II installation's buildings were used as post-war offices and laboratories, e.g., for testing units that arrived beginning in 1948 from Pennsylvania's Middletown Air Depot (Griffiss had

1617-573: The President of Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Franjo Tuđman , the President of Croatia ; and Slobodan Milošević , the President of Serbia , arrived at Wright-Patterson AFB to commence negotiations to end the Bosnian War , an ethnic conflict that by 1995 was between the Bosnia and Herzegovina's Bosniaks and the Croats (who had put aside their differences) on one side versus Bosnia and Herzegovina's Serbs on

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1694-598: The Robot Blitz , Wright Field fired a reconstructed German pulse-jet engine (an entire V-1 flying bomb was " reversed engineered " [ sic ] by 8 September at Republic Aviation .) The first German and Japanese aircraft arrived in 1943, and captured equipment soon filled six buildings, a large outdoor storage area, and part of a flight-line hangar for Technical Data Lab study (TDL closed its Army Aeronautical Museum). The World War II Operation Lusty returned 86 German aircraft to Wright Field for study, e.g.,

1771-738: The Verona Test Site " conducted a 28 December 1955 ground-controlled interception test "on an F-86D fighter interceptor aircraft". Also in 1955 RADC developed phased array radar technology, and the center contracted Bendix's Radio Division in 1958 to build the Bendix AN/FPS-46 Electronically Steerable Array Radar (ESAR) for demonstration (1st "powered up" in November 1960.) A prototype AN/FPS-43 BMEWS radar completed at Trinidad in 1958 went operational on February 4, 1959,

1848-819: The Wright Flyer III . Their flight exhibition company and the Wright Company School of Aviation returned 1910–1916 to use the flying field. World War I transfers of land that later became WPAFB include 2,075-acre (8.40 km ) (including the Huffman Prairie Flying Field ) along the Mad River leased to the Army by the Miami Conservancy District , the adjacent 40 acres (160,000 m ) purchased by

1925-814: The Wright-Patterson Air Force Base as the Foreign Technology Division (FTD, now known as the National Air and Space Intelligence Center ), run by the Air Force with input from the DIA and other organizations. FTD was tasked with the translation of Soviet and other Warsaw Bloc technical and scientific journals so researchers in the "west" could keep up to date on developments behind the Iron Curtain . Most of these documents were publicly available, but FTD also made

2002-521: The "2 Msl Trpt Sq" 26 Jan 48-3 Sep 48.) The 3171st Electronics Research Group activated on 12 January 1949 under the 2751st Experimental Wing formed during World War II, and the 3180th Weapon Equipment Flight Test organization activated on 4 April 1949. On September 26, 1950, the Griffiss AFB Air Force Electronics Center was established —2 Griffiss radar units were established on 12 Oct 50 for less than

2079-668: The "Dayton Peace Accords" held at WPAFB created the " Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina " signed in Paris on 14 December. Huffman Prairie was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1990 and named part of the 1992 Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park . The West Ramp facility switched from the 4950th Test Wing to AFRC's 445th Airlift Wing with C-17 Globemaster III transports. The permanent party work force at WPAFB as of 30 September 2005, numbered 5,517 military and 8,102 civilian. In 1995, Alija Izetbegović ,

2156-531: The 1,205 ft (367 m) Forestport Tower in 1951 for low-frequency communications experiments. On 1 January 1953, RADC reorganized into the Engineering Support Division, Electronic Warfare and Techniques Division, Equipment Development Division, and Systems Division (a Plans and Operations Office at the HQ provided guidance.) For ATC and SAC to score bombing accuracy, and based on

2233-877: The 1960 AFCRL's Microwave Physics and Solid State Sciences divisions (" RADC East " colloq. ) In the 1980s and 1990s RADC funded a significant amount of research on software engineering, e.g., the Knowledge Based Software Assistant (KBSA) program. In 1990 RADC was redesignated Rome Laboratory which in October 1997 became part of the Air Force Research Laboratory . 1997: AFMC Air Force Research Laboratory 1975: AFSC Electronic Systems Division 1965: AFSC Research and Technology Division 1960: ARDC Air Force Command and Control Development Division Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Wright-Patterson Air Force Base ( WPAFB ) ( IATA : FFO , ICAO : KFFO , FAA LID : FFO )

2310-736: The 1965–77 Celestial Guidance Research Site.) WPAFB also had an Army Air Defense Command Post for nearby Project Nike surface-to-air missile sites of the Cincinnati-Dayton Defense Area were at Wilmington (CD-27, 39°24′03″N 083°52′54″W  /  39.40083°N 83.88167°W  / 39.40083; -83.88167 ); Felicity (CD-46, 38°50′37″N 084°08′33″W  /  38.84361°N 84.14250°W  / 38.84361; -84.14250 ); Dillsboro (CD-63), and Oxford (CD-78, 39°33′30″N 084°47′31″W  /  39.55833°N 84.79194°W  / 39.55833; -84.79194 ). The AADCP activated in

2387-413: The 322 watt "solid state transmitter and receiver module" while "responsible for [ PAVE PAWS ] design, fabrication installation, integration test, and evaluation" (through 1980). On 1 September 1975, RADC was reassigned to AFSC's Electronic Systems Division (ESD). At Hanscom AFB on 1 January 1976, RADC's Detachment 1 was activated for "Electronic Technology" with the personnel and equipment of

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2464-720: The Army from the District for the Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot , and a 254-acre (1.03 km ) complex for McCook Field just north of downtown Dayton between Keowee Street and the Great Miami River. In 1918, Wilbur Wright Field agreed to let McCook Field use hangar and shop space as well as its enlisted mechanics to assemble and maintain airplanes and engines under the direction of Chief of Air Service Mason Patrick . After World War I , 347 German aircraft were brought to

2541-531: The Brick Quarters (including the command headquarters in Building 10262) at the south end of Patterson Field along Route 4 was administratively reassigned from Patterson Field to Wright Field. To avoid confusing the two areas of Wright Field, the south end of the former Patterson Field portion was designated "Area A", the original Wright Field became "Area B", and the north end of Patterson Field, including

2618-546: The ECHO satellite and Philco terminals for reflecting voice transmissions through space from the Trinidad Space Communication Facility (with " BMEWS type radar tracker " using "AN/FRC-56 type" transmitter and "84FT DISH") to the "RADC Floyd Site". In August 1962, RADC established the "AFLC Communications-Electronics Field Office" to monitor missile tests. A "60-foot-diameter" antenna at

2695-465: The FTD. A major software update was also incorporated in the Mark II, which King referred to as "dictionary stuffing". Stuffing was an attempt to deal with the problems of ambiguous words by "stuffing" prefixes onto them from earlier words in the text. These modified words would match with similarly stuffed words in the dictionary, reducing the number of false positives. In 1962 King left IBM for Itek ,

2772-615: The Floyd site built by RADC "particularly to communicate with ECHO II " was dedicated on 30 August 1963. In 1965 based on the USMC AN/MPQ-14 , the " SKYSPOT RADC developmental program" designed the AN/MSQ-77 with ballistic computer for Vietnam War high-altitude, low-visibility (e.g., nighttime, inclement weather) strategic bombing missions , and which was also used as a " Close Air Support Bombing System". By June 1965, RADC

2849-601: The Headquarters, 5th Division Air Service (redesignated 5th Division Aviation in 1928), and its 88th Observation Squadron and 7th Photo Section. New facilities were built 1925–27 on the portion of Wright Field west of Huffman Dam to house all of the McCook Field functions being relocated. Wright Field was "formally dedicated" on 12 October 1927 when "the Materiel Division moved from McCook Field to

2926-750: The July 1992 merging of WPAFB labs , the base's Wright Laboratory included a Flight Dynamics Directorate. Superfund sites (39 initial areas) of WPAFB were found to be contaminated with chlorinated volatile organic compounds and benzene compounds (soils and groundwater), and an EPA/USAF Federal Facilities Agreement was signed in 1981 for remediation and continued investigation (the Installation Restoration Program for WPAFB identified 65 areas, including 13 landfills, 12 earth fill disposal zones, 9 fuel or chemical spill sites, 6 coal storage piles, 5 fire-training areas, 4 chemical burial sites, and 2 underground storage tanks). In November 1995,

3003-684: The Mark I was applied to translations of the Soviet newspaper, Pravda . The results continued to be questionable, but King declared it a success, stating in Scientific American that the system was "...found, in an operational evaluation, to be quite useful by the Government." On 4 October 1957 the USSR launched Sputnik 1 , the first artificial satellite. This caused a wave of concern in

3080-618: The Space Force's National Space Intelligence Center (NSIC) are also garrisoned there and are the Intelligence Community's primary organizations for strategic air and space threat analysis. The base's origin begins with the establishment of Wilbur Wright Field on 22 May 1917 and McCook Field in November 1917, both established by the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps as World War I installations. McCook

3157-609: The U.S. Air Force Museum. The 88th Air Base Wing consists of more than 5,000 officers, enlisted Air Force, civilian and contractor employees responsible for three primary mission areas: operating the installation; deploying expeditionary Airmen in support of the Global War on Terrorism; and defending the base and its people. It is also the home base of the 445th Airlift Wing of the Air Force Reserve Command , an Air Mobility Command -gained unit which flies

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3234-466: The US, whose own Project Vanguard was caught flat-footed and then proved to repeatedly fail in spectacular fashion. This embarrassing turn of events led to a huge investment in US science and technology, including the formation of DARPA , NASA and a variety of intelligence efforts that would attempt to avoid being surprised in this fashion again. After a short period, the intelligence efforts centralized at

3311-777: The United States—some were incorporated into the Army Aeronautical Museum (in 1923 the Engineering Division at McCook Field "first collected technical artifacts for preservation"). The training school at Wilbur Wright Field was discontinued. Wilbur Wright Field and the depot merged after World War I to form the Fairfield Air Depot. The Patterson family formed the Dayton Air Service Committee, Inc which held

3388-412: The World War II drawdown by merging Wright Field, Patterson Field, Dayton Army Air Field, and—acquired by Wright Field for 1942 glider testing—Clinton Army Air Field. The Jamestown Radar Annex became a leased installation of the Technical Base in 1946, and the "custodial units at Dayton and Clinton County AAFlds were discontinued in 1946". An 8000-foot concrete runway with 1000-foot runoffs at each end

3465-486: The base is a census-designated place (CDP), with a resident population of 1,821 at the 2010 census . Prehistoric Indian mounds of the Adena culture at Wright-Patterson are along P Street and, at the Wright Brothers Memorial, a hilltop mound group . Aircraft operations on land now part of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base began in 1904–1905 when Wilbur and Orville Wright used an 84-acre (340,000 m ) plot of Huffman Prairie for experimental test flights with

3542-419: The base proper is the National Museum of the United States Air Force . The oldest and largest military aircraft museum in the world, it houses such aircraft as the only XB-70 Valkyrie in existence, an F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighter , and the World War II B-17 bomber , Memphis Belle . Wright-Patterson AFB is "one of the largest, most diverse, and organizationally complex bases in the Air Force" with

3619-461: The central core of Patterson Field and developed almost self-sufficient community status. (Wood City was acquired in 1924 as part of the original donation of land to the government but was used primarily as just a radio range until World War II. Skyway Park was acquired in 1943.) They supported the vast numbers of recruits who enlisted and were trained at the two fields as well as thousands of civilian laborers, especially single women recruited to work at

3696-524: The date of an Atlas II B firing from Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 11 (lunar reflection was tested January–June 1960.) On 20 January 1960 RADC accepted the Avco AN/FPS-26 Frequency Diversity Radar from Avco for use at SAGE radar stations (later modified into the 474N "Fuzzy-7" SLBM Detection Radar .) On 1 July 1960, RADC was assigned to the Air Force Command and Control Development Division and c.  November 1960 , RADC conducted an "Experimental Passive-Satellite Communication Link" using

3773-499: The depot. Skyway Park was demolished after the war. Wood City was eventually transformed into Kittyhawk Center, the base's modern commercial and recreation center. In the fall of 1942, the first twelve "Air Force" officers to receive ATI field collection training were assigned to Wright Field for training in the technical aspects of "crash" intelligence (RAF Squadron Leader Colley identified how to obtain information from equipment marking plates and squadron markings. In July 1944 during

3850-423: The field to the Europeans, who continued development of systems like SYSTRAN and Logos. Rome Air Development Center Rome Laboratory ( Rome Air Development Center until 1991) is a U.S. Air Force research laboratory for " command, control , and communications" research and development and is responsible for planning and executing the USAF science and technology program. Rome Lab includes or included

3927-472: The final selection of the Mercury astronauts were started" at the Aerospace Medical Laboratory (Wright-Patt test pilots Neil Armstrong and Ed White became NASA astronauts.) From 6 March 1950 to 1 December 1951, Clinton County Air Force Base was assigned as a sub-base of WPAFB, and from 1950 to 1955, Wright-Patt had two Central Air Defense Force fighter-interceptor squadrons (1 from 1955 to 1960). In 1954, 188 hectares (465 acres) of land adjacent to

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4004-647: The flying field, "Area C." In February 1940 at Wright Field, the Army Air Corps established the Technical Data Branch (Technical Data Section in July 1941, Technical Data Laboratory in 1942). After Air Corps Ferrying Command was established on 29 May 1941, on 21 June an installation point of the command opened at Patterson Field. The Flight Test Training unit of Air Technical Command was established at Wright Field on 9 September 1944 (moved to Patterson Field in 1946, Edwards AFB on 4 February 1951). Two densely populated housing and service areas across Highway 444, Wood City and Skyway Park, were geographically separated from

4081-571: The following entities: Divisions and laboratories of the former Rome Air Development Center (RADC) included the Electronic Warfare Laboratory, High Power Laboratory, Photonics Laboratory, 1968 Electronics Laboratory (dedicated 25 October), RADC Systems Division, and the Communications and Control Division which moved from building 106 to building 3 in March 1976. (RADC computer facilities were in bldg 3, which in August 1974 had "a new $ 2.8 million communications research laboratory".) The Rome Air Depot established 5 February 1942 built USAAF versions of

4158-428: The idea of an automated translation system based on the photostore to the Air Force. RADC proved interested, and provided a research grant in May 1956. At the time, the Air Force also provided a grant to researchers at the University of Washington who were working on the problem of producing an optimal translation dictionary for the project. King advocated a simple word-for-word approach to translations. He thought that

4235-432: The natural redundancies in language would allow even a poor translation to be understood, and that local context was alone enough to provide reasonable guesses when faced with ambiguous terms. He stated that "the success of the human in achieving a probability of .50 in anticipating the words in a sentence is largely due to his experience and the real meanings of the words already discovered." In other words, simply translating

4312-440: The new site" At the time of the dedication expenditures of approximately $ 5 million had been involved in the new facility after 18 months work, with the total amount expected to rise to between $ 7 and $ 8 million. The ceremonies included the John L. Mitchell Trophy Race (won by Lt. I. A. Woodring of the 1st Pursuit Group—Speed: 158.968 mph) and Orville Wright raising the flag over the new engineering center. On 1 July 1931,

4389-439: The other side. American diplomat Richard Holbrooke led the negotiations. Eventually an agreement was made to have Bosnia and Herzegovina have two internal entities, a Bosniak-Croat federation known as the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , and a Serb territory known as Republika Srpska . In response to the COVID-19 pandemic , the base sent airmen from the 88th Medical Group to Detroit for two months, where they set up

4466-567: The personnel of the headquarters for the 2751st Wing and 3171st & 3151st groups, which were "discontinued" —the 6530th Air Base Wing with subordinate units, e.g., Maintenance and Support Group, activated on the same date for support through August/November 1952. RADC was for USAF "applied research, development and test of electronic air-ground systems such as detection, control, identification and countermeasures, navigation, communications, and data transmission systems, associated components, and related automatic flight equipment". RADC constructed

4543-451: The portion of Wright Field east of Huffman Dam (land known today as Areas A and C of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base which included the Fairfield Air Depot and the Huffman Prairie Flying Field) was redesignated "Patterson Field" in honor of Lieutenant Frank Stuart Patterson . Lt. Patterson was the son of Frank J. Patterson, co-founder of National Cash Register . Shortly before the end of WW1, 1Lt Patterson and observer 2Lt LeRoy Swan, both of

4620-419: The results were extremely promising, and widely reported in the press. At the time, most researchers in the nascent machine translation field felt that the major challenge to providing reasonable translations was building a large library, as storage devices of the era were both too small and too slow to be useful in this role. King felt that the photoscopic store was a natural solution to the problem, and pitched

4697-429: The spring of 1960 and moved to Wilmington—with BIRDIE CCCS —by 1965 ( closed March 1971 ). Wilkins Air Force Station was a 1961–8 Air Defense Command station of Wright-Patt, and Gentile Air Force Station (later the Gentile Defense Electronics Supply Center) was assigned to the base on 1 July 1962. In December 1975, Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft transferred to the 4950th Test Wing at WPAFB. Following

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4774-399: The system stored 30 Mbits, making it the highest density online system of its era. In 1954 IBM gave an influential demonstration of machine translation, known today as the " Georgetown–IBM experiment ". Run on an IBM 704 mainframe , the translation system knew only 250 words of Russian limited to the field of organic chemistry, and only 6 grammar rules for combining them. Nevertheless,

4851-427: The translator was "10 percent less accurate, 21 percent slower, and had a comprehension level 29 percent lower than when he used human translation." The ALPAC report was as influential as the Georgetown experiment had been a decade earlier; in the immediate aftermath of its publication, the US government suspended almost all funding for machine translation research. Ongoing work at IBM and Itek had ended by 1966, leaving

4928-449: The war's peak. Wright Field grew from approximately 30 buildings to a 2,064-acre (8.35 km ) facility with some 300 buildings and the Air Corps' first modern paved runways. The original part of the field became saturated with office and laboratory buildings and test facilities. The Hilltop area was acquired from private landowners in 1943–1944 to provide troop housing and services. The portion of Patterson Field from Huffman Dam through

5005-540: The words alone would allow a human to effectively read a document, because they would be able to reason out the proper meaning from the context provided by earlier words. In 1958 King moved to IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center , and continued development of the photostore-based translator. Over time, King changed the approach from a pure word-for-word translator to one that stored "stems and endings", which broke words into parts that could be combined back together to form complete words again. The first machine, "Mark I",

5082-414: Was a detached installation of Wright-Patt. The NORAD Manual Air Defense Control Center for 58th Air Division interceptors was at Wright-Patterson AFB by 1958, and Brookfield Air Force Station near the Pennsylvania state line became operational as an April 1952 – January 1963 sub-base of WPAFB. The 1954–79 "Wright-Patterson Communications Facility #4" was at Yellow Springs, Ohio (which also had

5159-413: Was an optical character reader provided by the third party, which they hoped would eliminate the time-consuming process of copying the Russian text into machine-readable cards. In 1960 the Washington team also joined IBM, bringing their dictionary efforts with them. The dictionary continued to expand as additional storage was made available, reaching 170,000 words and terms by the time it was installed at

5236-487: Was assigned to AFSC's Research and Technology Division and had a Communications Research Branch (an early 1960s plan to rename RADC to the Air Force Electromagnetics Laboratory was not implemented.) RADC's Program 673A research resulted in the 440L System Program Office for the Forward Scatter Over-the-Horizon network ( AN/FRT-80 transmitters & AN/FSQ-76 receivers) being established on 1 July 1965 (RADC's "Data Reduction Center" processed 440L data transmitted to

5313-485: Was at WPAFB from 1 January 1950 to 14 November 1950, followed by the Air Research and Development Command from 16 November 1950 to 24 June 1951 (began move to Baltimore on 11 May 1951). By 1952 the WPAFB headquarters of the Wright Air Development Center (WADC) included a Plans and Operations Department (WOO) and Divisions for Aeronautics (WCN), Flight Test (WCT), Research (WCR), Weapons Components (WCE), Weapons Systems (WCS). On 15 February, WADC medical examinations "for

5390-409: Was built 1946–1947 in Area C to accommodate very heavy bombers, initially referred to locally as the " B-36 runway". The 1947 All-Altitude Speed Course at Vandalia became a detached installation of the Technical Base. After the USAF was created in September 1947, Morris' base headquarters was redesignated Headquarters, Air Force Technical Base , on 15 December 1947. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base

5467-478: Was built between August 1958 and July 1960. The 4043rd Strategic Wing began KC-135 Stratotanker operations in February 1960 and B-52 Stratofortress operations in June 1960. On 1 July 1963, the wing was re-designated the 17th Bombardment Wing (Heavy) and continued its mission under this unit until 7 July 1975, when the last of its 11 B-52s was transferred to Beale Air Force Base , California. From 1957 – 1962 , WADC's Hurricane Supersonic Research Site in Utah

5544-801: Was claimed. The results of the carefully selected input text was quite impressive. After its return to the FTD, it was used continually until 1970, when it was replaced by a machine running SYSTRAN . In 1964 the United States Department of Defense commissioned the United States National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to prepare a report on the state of machine translation. The NAS formed the "Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee", or ALPAC , and published their findings in 1966. The report, Language and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics ,

5621-400: Was demonstrated in July 1959 and consisted of a 65,000 word dictionary and a custom tube-based computer to do the lookups. Texts were hand-copied onto punched cards using custom Cyrillic terminals, and then input into the machine for translation. The results were less than impressive, but were enough to suggest that a larger and faster machine would be a reasonable development. In the meantime,

5698-455: Was developed by Gilbert King, chief of engineering at ITC, along with a team that included Louis Ridenour . It evolved into a 16-inch plastic disk with data recorded as a series of microscopic black rectangles or clear spots. Only the outermost 4 inches of the disk were used for storage, which increased the linear speed of the portion being accessed. When the disk spun at 2,400 RPM it had an access speed of about 1 Mbit/sec. In total,

5775-410: Was highly critical of the existing efforts, demonstrating that the systems were no faster than human translations, while also demonstrating that the supposed lack of translators was in fact a surplus, and as a result of supply and demand issues, human translation was relatively inexpensive – about $ 6 per 1,000 words. Worse, the FTD was slower as well; tests using physics papers as input demonstrated that

5852-691: Was redesignated from the Air Force Technical Base on 13 January 1948 —the former Wright Field Areas A and B remained, while Patterson Field became "Area C" and Skyway Park became "Area D" of the installation. In 1951 all locally based flying activities were moved to the Area B flight line. The 1948 All-Altitude Speed Course, later the Missile Tracking Annex, at Sulphur Grove, Ohio became a detached installation of Wright-Patt. Headquarters, Air Engineering Development Division,

5929-425: Was used as a testing field and for aviation experiments. Wright was used as a flying field (renamed Patterson Field in 1931); Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot; armorers' school, and a temporary storage depot. McCook's functions were transferred to Wright Field when it was closed in October 1927. Wright-Patterson AFB was established in 1948 as a merger of Patterson and Wright Fields. In 1995, negotiations to end

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