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Australian National Maritime Museum

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62-617: The Australian National Maritime Museum ( ANMM ) is a federally operated maritime museum in Darling Harbour , Sydney. After considering the idea of establishing a maritime museum, the federal government announced that a national maritime museum would be constructed at Darling Harbour, tied into the New South Wales state government's redevelopment of the area for the Australian bicentenary in 1988. The museum building

124-424: A cabinet minister. The cabinet consists of the prime minister and senior ministers and makes most of the important policy decisions of the government. Members of the cabinet are selected by the prime minister and may be added or removed at any time, usually through a cabinet reshuffle . Cabinet meetings are strictly private and occur once a week where vital issues are discussed and policy formulated. The cabinet

186-642: A predominant influence over who was elected to Labor ministries, although the leaders of the party factions also exercised considerable influence. However, in 2007 Prime Minister Kevin Rudd , assumed the power to choose the ministry alone. Later, the caucus regained this power in 2013. According to reporting by the Sydney Morning Herald , ministerial positions are allocated by the Left and Right factions proportionally according to their representation in

248-536: A team of about 60 volunteers. The centre features several performance spaces used for presentations to the general public and student audiences by Questacon's in-house theatre troupe, the "Excited Particles". The Excited Particles also perform puppet shows for young children. NKRYPT is a sculpture installation outside the Questacon building installed in that consists of eight laser-etched stainless steel poles that each carry an encoded message. This outdoor exhibit

310-727: Is Jo White. She commenced in the role in November 2022, having moved from the Australian Institute of Botanical Science at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney. Their previous director, Professor Graham Durant AM, retired in August 2021 after holding the role for 19 years. As of 2023, there are 8 galleries: Questacon has around 500,000 visitors per year. The galleries are staffed by 200 paid staff, as well as

372-694: Is a partnership between Questacon and the Australian National University . The Science Circus won the Prime Minister's Award for Community Business Partnerships in 2006. Fifteen or sixteen science graduates staff the Science Circus as it travels, bringing lively presentations of science to towns and schools. The Science Circus supports the teaching of science and technology by running practical and fun professional development workshops for teachers. While working for

434-632: Is an interactive science communication facility in Canberra , Australia. It is a museum with more than 200 interactive exhibits related to science and technology . The National Science and Technology Centre hosts the Questacon Science Circus which is a science outreach program. Questacon is an interactive science centre that began as a project of the Australian National University (ANU), in spare space at

496-399: Is an outreach program of Questacon and is the most extensive science outreach program of its kind. Every year, the Science Circus engages with more than 100,000 people, travels 25,000 kilometres, runs professional development courses for 600 teachers, and visits about 30 remote Indigenous communities as well as hospitals , nursing homes and special schools. The Questacon Science Circus

558-418: Is difficult to apply as many actions by executive agencies are wide-ranging, binding and conducted independently of Parliament. The executive can also be delegated legislative power through provisions allowing for statutory instruments and Henry VIII clauses . Ultimately whether power is executive or legislative is determined on a case-by-case basis, and involves the weighing up of various factors, rather than

620-582: Is not a legal entity; it exists solely by convention. Its decisions do not in and of themselves have legal force. However, it serves as the practical expression of the Federal Executive Council , which is Australia's highest formal governmental body. In practice, the Federal Executive Council meets solely to endorse and give legal force to decisions already made by the cabinet. All members of the cabinet are members of

682-722: The Australian Capital Territory . The head offices of all the federal departments are located in Canberra, along with Parliament House and the High Court . The name of the government in the Constitution of Australia is the "Government of the Commonwealth". This was the name used in many early federal government publications. However, in 1965 Robert Menzies indicated his preference for

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744-484: The Australian Labor Party (ALP), in office since the 2022 federal election . The prime minister is the head of the federal government and is a role which exists by constitutional convention, rather than by law. They are appointed to the role by the governor-general (the representative of the monarch of Australia ). The governor-general normally appoints the parliamentary leader who commands

806-726: The Commonwealth Government or simply as the Federal government , is the national executive government of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy . The executive consists of the prime minister and other cabinet ministers that currently have the support of a majority of the members of the House of Representatives (the lower house) and also includes the departments and other executive bodies that ministers oversee. The current executive government consists of Anthony Albanese and other ministers of

868-504: The Royal Australian Navy . The pavilion, which is located near the museum's naval vessels, was launched on 8 November 2015 under the name "Action Stations". In 2019, the museum underwent an extensive modernisation of its branding. Design firm Frost*collective was engaged to create a new, simplified logo and branding scheme, which was then implemented across staff uniforms, advertising, exterior building signage, websites and

930-671: The Science Circus , each presenter also completes a Masters of Science Communication Outreach through the Centre for the Public Awareness of Science at the Australian National University . Coursework includes studies in print media, program evaluation and exhibition design. Every year the Science Circus presenters graduate from the course and a new team are selected. The first team graduated in 1988 and there are now over 300 Science Circus graduates. Graduates have contributed to programs on Australian Broadcasting Corporation Radio,

992-691: The Sydney Institute of TAFE for maritime training. The Australian Maritime College conducts some postgraduate programs from the precinct. The museum has over 1,000 Bardi performance objects known as ilma , but they were still unavailable for public viewing in 2018. The Bardi are an Australian Aboriginal people of the Dampier Peninsula in Western Australia . Australian government [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Australian Government , also known as

1054-504: The 19th century barque James Craig is moored nearby and can be toured with a museum ticket. During the mid-1980s, it was proposed that a replica of explorer James Cook 's ship, HM Bark Endeavour , be constructed for the museum. Funding for construction was initially provided by the Bond Corporation , and construction began at the start of 1988. However, in 1990, the company ran into financial difficulties, and construction

1116-655: The Ainslie Public School in Canberra. It opened with 15 exhibits and was staffed by volunteers and by the ANU physics lecturer Professor Mike Gore AM . It inspired him to develop Australia's first interactive science centre, based on the Exploratorium in San Francisco. The name 'Questacon' combines two words— 'quest' meaning 'to discover' and 'con' meaning 'to study'. Professor Gore went on to become

1178-687: The Australian Capital Territory. The museum is administered by the Department of Communications and the Arts on behalf of the Australian Government. In June 1985, the federal government announced the establishment of a national museum focusing on Australia's maritime history and the nation's ongoing involvement and dependence on the sea. Proposals for the creation of such a museum had been under consideration over

1240-462: The Constitution . These were defined by High Court Justice Anthony Mason , as powers "peculiarly adapted to the government of a nation and which cannot otherwise be carried on for the benefit of the nation". They have been found to include the power to provide financial stimulus payments to households during a financial crisis and the power to prevent "unlawful non-citizens" from entering

1302-551: The Dismissal of 1975. In that case, the Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismissed the prime minister and government due to his conclusion that the government had failed to secure supply. The propriety of the use of the powers during that event remain highly contested. The Federal Executive Council is the body that formally advises the governor-general in the exercise of executive power. Decisions of

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1364-627: The Executive Council. A senior member of the cabinet holds the office of vice-president of the Executive Council and acts as presiding officer of the Executive Council in the absence of the governor-general. The cabinet meets not only in Canberra but also in state capitals, most frequently Sydney and Melbourne. Kevin Rudd was in favour of the cabinet meeting in other places, such as major regional cities. There are Commonwealth Parliament Offices in each state capital, with those in Sydney located in 1 Bligh Street . Until 1956 all members of

1426-515: The King and the governor-general must follow the advice of the prime minister or other ministers in the exercise of his powers. Powers subject to the governor-general’s discretion are known as reserve powers. While certain reserve powers, such as the ability to choose the prime minister most likely to command the confidence of the lower house, are uncontroversial, others are subject to much greater debate. The most notable example of their use occurring in

1488-549: The Parliament. The King is not involved with the day-to-day operations of the government, belonging (according to the Bagehot formulation) to the "dignified" rather than the "efficient" part of government. While the executive power of the Commonwealth is formally vested in the monarch, the Constitution requires those powers to be exercisable by a governor-general, appointed by the monarch as their representative (but since

1550-478: The US and Australia resulted in the displacement of much of the staff and research areas. Most of these were later established in the nearby Wharf 7 building. The museum was initially slated to open in 1988, but by October that year, construction delays had pushed the planned opening date to September 1989, and the project was already $ 12.5 million over the $ 30 million budget. Construction was completed on 17 November 1989;

1612-588: The allocation of their portfolios. When Labor first held office under Chris Watson , Watson assumed the right to choose members of his cabinet. In 1907, however, the party decided that future Labor cabinets would be elected by the members of the Parliamentary Labor Party, the Caucus , and the prime minister would retain the right to allocate portfolios. This practice was followed until 2007. Between 1907 and 2007, Labor prime ministers exercised

1674-488: The application of a strict test. As most executive power is granted by statute, the executive power of the government is similarly limited to those areas in which the Commonwealth is granted the power to legislate under the constitution (primarily under section 51 ). They also retain certain powers traditionally part of the royal prerogative , such as the power to declare war and enter into treaties. Finally, there exists certain "nationhood powers", implied from section 61 of

1736-444: The appointing of Sir Isaac Isaacs in 1931, always appointed according to the advice of federal ministers, rather than British ministers). Members of the government do not exercise executive power of their own accord but are instead appointed by the governor-general as ministers, formally as the "Queen's [or King's] Ministers of State". As such, while government ministers make most major decisions in cabinet, if those decisions require

1798-414: The body give legal effect to decisions already deliberated at cabinet. All current and formers ministers are members of the council, although only current ministers are summoned to meetings. The governor-general usually presides at council meetings, but in his or her absence another minister nominated as the vice-president of the Executive Council presides at the meeting of the council. Since 1 June 2022,

1860-599: The bottom layer includes public servants , police, government departments and independent statutory bodies who directly implement policy and laws. Executive power is also difficult to clearly define. In the British context, it was defined by John Locke as all government power not legislative or judicial in nature. The key distinction is that while legislative power involves setting down rules of general application, executive power involves applying those rules to specific situations. In practice, however, this definition

1922-470: The confidence of a majority of the members of the House of Representatives. Also by convention, the prime minister is a member of the lower house. The prime minister and their sworn ministers form the cabinet , the key decision-making organ of the government that makes policy and decides the agenda of the government. Members of the government can exercise both legislative power (through their control of

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1984-461: The cost of the museum's construction had increased to $ 70 million, and although the federal government was willing to pay the initial $ 30 million, there were disagreements between the state and federal governments over who had to supply the additional $ 40 million. It was resolved that New South Wales was responsible for the additional funding, and in October 1990, the museum building was handed over to

2046-480: The country . Ministers drawn from the Australian parliament form the core of the Australian Government. A subset of these ministers form the cabinet, the de facto highest executive body of the government. Ministers not part of cabinet belong to the outer ministry. Additionally, there are also assistant ministers (formally parliamentary secretaries ), responsible for a specific policy area, reporting directly to

2108-500: The eastern side of the top level, and a third offset from the main body of the museum) are used separately or together to host temporary exhibitions. Several other items are on display inside the museum, but not associated with any particular gallery. These include Spirit of Australia , the water speed record -holding motorboat, an anchor from HMS  Sirius , flagship of the First Fleet , and Blackmores First Lady , which

2170-619: The exhibitions in Canberra, Questacon runs the Questacon Science Circus and Engineering is Elementary nationally and Q2U in the Canberra region. Past outreach programs run by Questacon include the Tenix Questacon Maths Squad , NRMA Roadzone , NRMA Tomorrow's Drivers , Starlab , Questacon Smart Moves , Questacon Science Play , Questacon Science Squad , and a number of programs in remote Indigenous communities. The Questacon Science Circus

2232-563: The federal government and replaced. Later in the year, the Department for the Arts informed the museum that its staff would be reduced by 30% and it would undergo budget cuts, forcing the Australian National Maritime Museum to rely on contracted security and conservation staff, along with volunteer guides and attendants. The acceptance of a US$ 5 million grant for a dedicated gallery showing the links between

2294-409: The federal government. The Australian National Maritime Museum was opened on 30 November 1991. In order to achieve commercial sustainability, the Australian National Maritime Museum was directed by the federal government to institute entry fees: the second Australian national museum to do so after Questacon was opened in 1988. The entry fee for the museum itself was dropped in 2004 (although access to

2356-419: The formal endorsement of the governor-general in council, those decisions do not have legal force until approved by the Federal Executive Council , which is presided over by the governor-general. Similarly, laws passed by both houses of parliament require royal assent before being enacted, as the monarch is a constituent part of the Parliament. However, in all these cases, except for certain reserve powers,

2418-520: The founding Director of Questacon and in 2015, he received an Australia Day honour for his service to science. Questacon's current building was given to Australia by Japan for the 1988 Bicentenary , and was opened on 23 November 1988. The Japanese government and business contributed ¥1 billion, half of the capital cost of A$ 19.64 million. Questacon was formerly housed at the Ainslie Primary School. The current director

2480-790: The ministry differs depending on their party. When the Liberal Party and its predecessors (the Nationalist Party and the United Australia Party ) have been in coalition with the National Party or its predecessor the Country Party , the leader of the junior Coalition party has had the right to nominate their party's members of the Coalition ministry, and to be consulted by the prime minister on

2542-464: The ministry were members of the cabinet. The growth of the ministry in the 1940s and 1950s made this increasingly impractical, and in 1956 Robert Menzies created a two-tier ministry, with only senior ministers holding cabinet rank, also known within parliament as the front bench . This practice has been continued by all governments except the Whitlam government . The prime minister's power to select

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2604-473: The museum ships was still charged), then was re-added in December 2011. During the museum's first ten years of operation, 3.3 million visitors attended. In 2010, London's The Sunday Times listed the Australian National Maritime Museum in its "World's 10 Coolest Museums". At the start of 2014, the Australian National Maritime Museum announced that it would build a pavilion to showcase exhibits related to

2666-516: The museum that year. Despite no longer being in naval commission, Vampire and Onslow have permission to fly the Australian White Ensign . Prior to Onslow ' s acquisition, the former Russian submarine Foxtrot-540 was on display at the museum from 1995 to 1998. The submarine had been purchased in 1994 by a group of Australian businessmen, and was placed on display for the duration of the lease purchase contract , after which

2728-487: The museum's regular publication, Signals . There are several permanent exhibitions at the museum, each with different themes: In addition, there are four other gallery spaces in the museum. The Tasman Light gallery contains the original lenses from the Tasman Island Lighthouse , and is used for temporary photographic exhibitions and as hireable space for functions. The other three galleries (two along

2790-467: The museum, and the paying of a fee. On 21 March 2021, Governor-General David Hurley AC DSC (Rtd) declared the Welcome Wall as Australia's "National Monument to Migration". In 2021, the wall contained more than 30,000 names. A Harding safety lifeboat and davit is fitted on the water's edge. This lifeboat, of a design commonly used aboard offshore drilling platforms and tanker ships , is used by

2852-399: The name "Australian Government" in order to prevent confusion with the new Commonwealth of Nations . The Whitlam government legislated the use of "Government of Australia" in 1973 in line with its policy of promoting national goals and aspirations. However, academic Anne Twomey argues that the government was also motivated by a desire to blur the differences between the Commonwealth and

2914-404: The other two branches of government, however, membership of the executive is not clearly defined. One definition describes the executive as a pyramid, consisting of three layers. At the top stands the king, as the symbolic apex and formal repository of executive power. Below him lies a second layer made up of the prime minister, cabinet and other ministers who in practice lead the executive. Finally,

2976-418: The parliament) and executive power (as ministers on behalf of the governor-general and the monarch). However, in accordance with responsible government , and to ensure accountability, actions of the government in its executive capacity are subject to scrutiny from parliament. The Australian Government is headquartered in the executive wing of Parliament House , located in the nation's capital, Canberra , in

3038-462: The preceding years. After lobbying by New South Wales Premier Neville Wran , the decision was made to situate the new museum at Darling Harbour, and construct it as part of the area's redevelopment. The building of the ANMM was seen by both the federal and New South Wales State governments as an important feature of the redevelopment, as it would be a major drawcard, and help fuel the commercial success of

3100-428: The precinct. The museum building was designed by Philip Cox , Richardson Taylor & Partners. The roof was shaped to invoke the image of billowing sails: the corrugated metal roof stands over 25 metres (82 ft) tall on the west side, but drops significantly on the east. During development, the museum ran into a series of difficulties. In March 1998, the three top members of the ANMM interim council were sacked by

3162-708: The public, while smaller historical vessels berthed outside can be viewed but not boarded. Of the six museums operated directly by the federal government (the Australian National Maritime Museum, the Australian War Memorial , the National Museum of Australia , the National Gallery of Australia , the National Portrait Gallery , and Questacon ), the Australian National Maritime Museum is the only one located outside

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3224-533: The relationships between Indigenous Australians and the sea, the navigation of Australian waters, travel to Australia by sea and the naval defence of the nation. Four additional gallery spaces are used for temporary exhibits. Four museum ships – the HM Bark Endeavour Replica , the destroyer HMAS  Vampire , the submarine HMAS  Onslow and a replica of the Duyfken – are open to

3286-512: The states in an attempt to increase federal power. The Parliament of Australia website also notes that the name "Australian Government" is preferable in order to avoid confusion with the Commonwealth of Nations and the US federal government by those not familiar with Australia's system of government. This terminology remains preferred by the government. However, the terms Commonwealth Government and federal government are also common. In some contexts,

3348-566: The submarine was relocated to California. A replica of the Duyfken , a Dutch East India Company exploration vessel with historical significance as the first recorded European ship to visit Australian shores , was added to the museum's fleet in 2020. In addition to being open for public inspection, this vessel also conducts regular cruises around Sydney Harbour. Other vessels on display (but not open for public boarding) include: The 1874-built Cape Bowling Green Lighthouse , originally located at Cape Bowling Green, near Townsville , Queensland,

3410-459: The term "government" refers to all public agencies that exercise the power of the State , whether legislative, executive or judicial. The government's primary role, in its executive capacity, is to implement the laws passed by the parliament. However, laws are frequently drafted according to the interests of the executive branch as the government often also controls the legislative branch. Unlike

3472-631: The vice-president has been senator Katy Gallagher . As of 17 August 2024 , there are 16 departments of the Australian Government. Additionally, there are four departments which support the Parliament of Australia : The following corporations are prescribed by Acts of Parliament: As of March 2024 , the following Corporate Commonwealth entities are prescribed as Government Business Enterprises (GBEs): The following Commonwealth companies are prescribed as GBEs: Questacon Questacon – The National Science and Technology Centre

3534-449: Was designed by Philip Cox , and although an opening date of 1988 was initially set, construction delays, cost overruns, and disagreements between the state and federal governments over funding responsibility pushed the opening to 1991. One of six museums directly operated by the federal government, the ANMM is the only one located outside of the Australian Capital Territory . The museum is structured around seven main galleries, focusing on

3596-734: Was installed during the Centenary of Canberra in 2013. A prize was offered to the first person to solve one of the puzzles. The Questacon Technology Learning Centre is located at the Royal Australian Mint 's former administration building in Deakin and houses more than 80 staff members. All of the outreach programs and exhibition developers, including researchers, designers, electronics, metal, and wood shop staff are based there. There are also an exhibition area, and spaces for technology workshops and holiday programs. In addition to

3658-545: Was relocated to the Australian National Museum site in 1987. The Vaughan Evans Library is the research library attached to the ANMM, and is a collecting agency on maritime matters. The Welcome Wall is a bronze wall located on the northern side of the museum, which lists the names of immigrants who arrived by sea to settle in Australia. Having a name engraved on the wall requires an application to

3720-527: Was the last gun-destroyer to serve in the Royal Australian Navy. Vampire was commissioned into the RAN in 1959, and served until 1986. The destroyer was loaned to the museum on its opening in 1991, and was transferred completely to museum ownership in 1997. The Oberon -class submarine HMAS  Onslow was introduced into RAN service in 1969. She was operated until early 1999, and was given to

3782-424: Was unable to continue until a charitable trust was established in 1991 to complete and operate the replica Endeavour . The vessel was completed in 1994, and spent the next ten years sailing around Australia and the world before ownership was transferred to the Australian National Maritime Museum in 2005. The Daring -class destroyer HMAS  Vampire  (D11) is the only ship of her class to be preserved, and

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3844-428: Was used by Australian Kay Cottee when she became the first woman to sail solo, nonstop, unassisted around the world. The Australian National Maritime Museum's collection of museum ships focuses on four vessels that are open for public inspection: the HM Bark Endeavour Replica , the destroyer HMAS  Vampire , the submarine HMAS  Onslow and a replica of Dutch exploration vessel Duyfken . In addition,

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