BMW M62 is a naturally aspirated V8 petrol engine which was produced from 1995 to 2005. A successor to the BMW M60 , the M62 features an aluminium engine block and a single row timing chain.
95-757: In 1998, a Technical Update included VANOS ( variable valve timing ) for the intake camshafts. The S62 engine is the BMW M high performance version of the M62, which was released in the E39 M5 , BMW Z8 , Ascari KZ1 , and the Ascari A10 . Like the BMW M60 engine it replaced, the M62 is a DOHC engine with four valves per cylinder , an aluminum block and aluminum heads. The M62 has fracture-split forged connecting rods, hypereutectic pistons with ferrous coated side skirts. Most of
190-480: A power valve system to get similar results to VVT. The valves within an internal combustion engine are used to control the flow of the intake and exhaust gases into and out of the combustion chamber . The timing, duration and lift of these valve events has a significant impact on engine performance. Without variable valve timing or variable valve lift , the valve timing is the same for all engine speeds and conditions, therefore compromises are necessary to achieve
285-478: A 4.4 L engine for a proposed replacement for the existing 30-98 model to be called the H-Type. In this engine the single overhead camshaft was to move longitudinally to allow different camshaft lobes to be engaged. It was in the 1920s that the first patents for variable duration valve opening started appearing – for example United States patent U.S. patent 1,527,456 . In 1958 Porsche made application for
380-833: A DVD-based navigation system (from September 2002). Production of a "Touring" (estate/wagon) E39 M5 model was evaluated by BMW, and at least one prototype was developed (in Titanium Silver with a Black Exclusive leather interior). However the Touring did not reach production, due to financial considerations. The E39 M5 is powered by the BMW S62 V8 engine, which generates a power output of 294 kW (400 PS; 394 hp) at 6,600 rpm and 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3,800 rpm. The S62 engine has electronically actuated individual throttle bodies, an aluminium block and heads, variable valve timing (double-VANOS), and
475-478: A German Patent, also applied for and published as British Patent GB861369 in 1959. The Porsche patent used an oscillating cam to increase the valve lift and duration. The desmodromic cam driven via a push/pull rod from an eccentric shaft or swashplate . It is unknown if any working prototype was ever made. Fiat was the first auto manufacturer to patent a functional automotive variable valve timing system which included variable lift. Developed by Giovanni Torazza in
570-415: A VVT system requires a complex system, such as multiple cam profiles or oscillating cams. Late intake valve closing (LIVC) The first variation of continuous variable valve timing involves holding the intake valve open slightly longer than a traditional engine. This results in the piston actually pushing air out of the cylinder and back into the intake manifold during the compression stroke. The air which
665-539: A cam phaser, controlled by the ECM, which continuously varies advancement or retardation of the camshaft timing. In 2007, Caterpillar developed the C13 and C15 Acert engines which used VVT technology to reduce NOx emissions, to avoid the use of EGR after 2002 EPA requirements. In 2010, Mitsubishi developed and started mass production of its 4N13 1.8 L DOHC I4, the world's first passenger car diesel engine that features
760-521: A conventional cam lobe, while others use an eccentric cam lobe and a connecting rod. The principle is similar to steam engines, where the amount of steam entering the cylinder was regulated by the steam "cut-off" point. The advantage of this design is that adjustment of lift and duration is continuous. However, in these systems, lift is proportional to duration, so lift and duration cannot be separately adjusted. The BMW ( valvetronic ), Nissan ( VVEL ), and Toyota ( valvematic ) oscillating cam systems act on
855-451: A mechanical VVT system. The system was engineered by Ing Giampaolo Garcea in the 1970s. All Alfa Romeo Spider models from 1983 onward used electronic VVT. In 1989, Honda released the VTEC system. While the earlier Nissan NVCS alters the phasing of the camshaft, VTEC switches to a separate cam profile at high engine speeds to improve peak power. The first VTEC engine Honda produced was
950-460: A modified engine computer which lets the engine spin to its 7,200 rpm redline. It has a bore of 94 mm (3.7 in) and a stroke of 93.0 mm (3.7 in). Applications: The BMW S62 engine (full model code S62B50 ) is the high-performance variant of the M62, which is fitted to the E39 M5 and the E52 Z8 . The S62 was BMW's first V8 engine to have double-VANOS (variable valve timing on
1045-562: A more sensitive throttle response. This engine is well known for its rod bearing failures, the stock bearings not providing sufficient clearance (the S65 from the E9X series M3, being based on the S85, shares the issue), which can lead to catastrophic engine failure if it is not addressed. Another major issue with this engine is the throttle actuators, which is usually attributed to the gears located inside
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#17327872966711140-622: A race driver was the Winkelhock Edition , named after touring car driver Joachim Winkelhock . The resulting car was a lightweight M5 stripped of some amenities. The Winkelhock Edition features a smaller battery, the reduced US-spec 81-litre fuel tank, reduced sound deadening, and deletion of non-essential items such as rear headrests, vanity mirrors, rear window switches and foglights. The Recaro front seat design, suede-covered 385mm M-Technic II steering wheel, shift knob and parking brake handle, and red seatbelts were similar to those on
1235-520: A semi-dry sump oil system. The transmission is the Getrag 420G six-speed manual, as used in the E39 540i but with an upgraded clutch due to the increased torque. The differential uses a shorter 3.15:1 ratio, and it has a limited slip differential with 25% maximum locking. The E39 M5 uses aluminium-intensive MacPherson strut front suspension and multi-link rear suspension, as per the other V8 models of
1330-628: A stroke of 85 mm (3.3 in). Applications: Following with updates to the regular production M62B44 the F4 was a revised version of the Alpina F3 engine and featured variable valve timing on the intake camshafts, an electronically controlled throttle body and a slight increase in power. The Alpina F4 received a revision into the F4/1 in late 2000 which slightly increased fuel efficiency while decreasing its emissions output although power output remained
1425-403: A variable valve timing system. Manufacturers use many different names to describe their implementation of the various types of variable valve timing systems. These names include: This method uses two cam profiles, with an actuator to swap between the profiles (usually at a specific engine speed). Cam switching can also provide variable valve lift and variable duration, however the adjustment
1520-738: Is 90 kg (198 lb) more than its predecessor. The F10 M5 was praised for its improved gearbox and fuel economy; however, the engine sound, steering feel and increased weight were criticised. The M5 was produced alongside regular 5 Series models at the BMW Dingolfing Plant in Germany. Production ended in October 2016. In total, 19,533 cars were produced, of which 8,088 were produced for North American market, 6,281 for other LHD markets, and 5,164 in right-hand drive. 577 North American market cars came with manual transmission, making
1615-471: Is acted on by two lobes simultaneously. Each camshaft has a phasing mechanism which allows its angular position relative to the engine's crankshaft to be adjusted. One lobe controls the opening of a valve and the other controls the closing of the same valve, therefore variable duration is achieved through the spacing of these two events. The drawbacks to this design include: This system is not known to be used in any production engines. The operating principle
1710-488: Is based on the M62TUB44. Revisions include full metal vanos hubs. 10.5mm lift intake and exhaust camshafts. Stronger valve springs. Bore of 93 mm (3.7 in) and stroke of 85 mm (3.3 in). Underdriven crank shaft drive pulley. Two-piece oil scraper ring instead of three-pieces. 93 mm pistons with reduced height due to the increased stroke. Applications: The Alpina F3 was developed by Alpina and based on
1805-441: Is debated as to whether or not these cars constitute a true special edition as they were ordered directly by a group of Italian BMW dealers. BMW developed a prototype convertible model, which featured an electric folding cloth roof and a steeper raked windshield than a standard M5. Steel reinforcements were added under both side valance panels to reduce body flex, and curb weight was approximately 100 kg (220 lb) more than
1900-419: Is discrete rather than continuous. The first production use of this system was Honda's VTEC system. VTEC changes hydraulic pressure to actuate a pin that locks the high lift, high duration rocker arm to an adjacent low lift, low duration rocker arm(s). Many production VVT systems are the cam phasing type, using a device known as a variator which changes the phase (Phase refers to the relative timing between
1995-429: Is driven by the crankshaft through timing belts , gears or chains . An engine requires large amounts of air when operating at high speeds. However, the intake valves may close before enough air has entered each combustion chamber, reducing performance. On the other hand, if the camshaft keeps the valves open for longer periods of time, as with a racing cam, problems start to occur at the lower engine speeds. Opening
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#17327872966712090-574: Is electronically restricted to 250 km/h (155 mph) but could be raised to 305 km/h (190 mph) with the optional M-driver's package. The M5 has recorded a Nürburgring lap time of 8:13. Upgrades over regular 5 Series models include a wider track, unique body panels, a colourful heads up display featuring navigation, control messages, speed, rpm and gear selection information, automated seat side bolsters, heated/ventilated seats and power rear curtain. The larger, flared front guards on either side also featured cooling vents, reminiscent of
2185-551: Is equipped with the three-spoke sport steering wheel, Shadowline trim, power sunroof, power front seats, headlight washers and manual air conditioning. A numbered plaque appears on the centre console. Additionally, 20 M5 Touring Elekta models were assembled for distribution in Italy in 1995. These were finished in either Sterling Silver over Marine Blue leather, or British Racing Green over Tobacco leather and featured extended leather interior as well as unique, numbered shift knobs. It
2280-449: Is expelled fills the manifold with higher pressure, and on subsequent intake strokes the air which is taken in is at a higher pressure. Late intake valve closing has been shown to reduce pumping losses by 40% during partial load conditions, and to decrease nitric oxide ( NOx ) emissions by 24%. Peak engine torque showed only a 1% decline, and hydrocarbon emissions were unchanged. Early intake valve closing (EIVC) Another way to decrease
2375-413: Is freed from this constraint, allowing performance to be improved over the engine operating range. Piston engines normally use valves which are driven by camshafts . The cams open ( lift ) the valves kind for a certain amount of time ( duration ) during each intake and exhaust cycle. The timing of the valve opening and closing, relative to the position of the crankshaft, is important. The camshaft
2470-446: Is of this type. Also known as "combined two shaft coaxial combined profile with helical movement", this system is not known to be used in any production engines. It has a similar principle to the previous type, and can use the same base duration lobe profile. However instead of rotation in a single plane, the adjustment is both axial and rotational giving a helical or three-dimensional aspect to its movement. This movement overcomes
2565-405: Is that it significantly lowers the temperature of the combustion chamber, which can increase hydrocarbon emissions. Early intake valve opening Early intake valve opening is another variation that has significant potential to reduce emissions. In a traditional engine, a process called valve overlap is used to aid in controlling the cylinder temperature. By opening the intake valve early, some of
2660-435: Is that the cam and follower profiles must be carefully designed to minimise contact stress (due to the varying profile). Ferrari is commonly associated with this system, however it is unknown whether any production models to date have used this system. This system is not known to be used in any production engines. It consists of two (closely spaced) parallel camshafts, with a pivoting follower that spans both camshafts and
2755-408: Is that the one follower spans the pair of closely spaced lobes. Up to the angular limit of the nose radius the follower 'sees' the combined surface of the two lobes as a continuous, smooth surface. When the lobes are exactly aligned the duration is at a minimum (and equal to that of each lobe alone) and when at the extreme extent of their misalignment the duration is at a maximum. The basic limitation of
2850-506: Is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event in an internal combustion engine , and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combination with variable valve lift systems. There are many ways in which this can be achieved, ranging from mechanical devices to electro-hydraulic and camless systems. Increasingly strict emissions regulations are causing many automotive manufacturers to use VVT systems. Two-stroke engines use
2945-414: Is two eccentric drives and controllers are needed for each cylinder (one for the intake valves and one for the exhaust valves), which increases complexity and cost. MG Rover is the only manufacturer that has released engines using this system. This system consists of a cam lobe that varies along its length (similar to a cone shape). One end of the cam lobe has a short duration/reduced lift profile, and
BMW M62 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3040-562: The 850CSi (1,510 units). The E34 generation of the M5 was produced from September 1988 to August 1995. Powered by the S38 straight-six engine, an evolution of the previous generation's straight-six, the E34 was initially produced in a saloon body style, with a second LHD Touring ( estate/wagon ) version following in 1992. Production of M5 models began with the painted bodyshell of an E34 5 Series at
3135-628: The B16A which was installed in the Integra , CRX , and Civic hatchback available in Japan and Europe. In 1992, Porsche first introduced VarioCam , which was the first system to provide continuous adjustment (all previous systems used discrete adjustment). The system was released in the Porsche 968 and operated on the intake valves only. Variable valve timing has been applied to motorcycle engines but
3230-409: The BMW 5 Series marketed under the BMW M sub-brand. It is considered an iconic vehicle in the sports saloon category. The M5 has always been produced in the saloon (sedan, US English) body style, but in some countries the M5 has also been available as an estate (wagon, US English) from 1992 to 1995, from 2006 to 2010, and since 2024. The first M5 model was hand-built beginning in late 1984 on
3325-690: The BMW Dingolfing plant . The shells were then transported to BMW M GmbH in Garching , where the car was assembled by hand over a period of two weeks. Only the South African M5 was entirely assembled at the Rosslyn, South Africa assembly plant from complete knock-down kits supplied from Garching, Germany. The M5 Touring, which was BMW M Division's first estate as well as the last hand-built M car, saw 891 units produced. Total production of
3420-540: The BMW Plant Dingolfing in Germany. The E60 M5 did not offer safety features such as automatic radar braking or lane departure warning, which was offered on the E60 5 Series that were not on the M5. The BMW S85 is a 5.0 L (305 cu in) V10 engine which generates a power output of 373 kW (507 PS; 500 hp) at 7,750 rpm and 520 N⋅m (384 lb⋅ft) of torque at 6,100 rpm. The S85
3515-522: The Geneva Motor Show , the E39 generation of the M5 was the first M5 to use a V8 engine, resulting in an increase in power output to 294 kW (400 PS). It is also the first M5 to use aluminium front suspension components and a multi-link rear suspension. Production began in October 1998. Production totalled to 20,482 cars from 1999 to 2003. Unlike its predecessors, the M5 was produced on
3610-626: The M88/3 engine which has a power output of 210 kW (286 PS; 282 hp). Cars sold in the United States and Canada used a detuned version of the M88/3 called the S38B35 , which was equipped with a catalytic converter and has a power output of 191 kW (256 hp). Due to an extended production run that exceeded BMW's original forecast of production volumes, a class action lawsuit
3705-469: The September 2000 facelift (for the 2001 model year) at the same time as the standard E39 models. Changes included halogen "corona rings" in headlights (often called "Angel Eyes"), LED tail-lights and various interior upgrades. The mechanical specification was unchanged. For the subsequent two model years, changes were limited to the addition of new exterior colours (from September 2001) and the upgrade to
3800-417: The camshaft 25 times per second, so the valve timing events have to occur at precise times to offer performance benefits. Electromagnetic and pneumatic camless valve actuators offer the greatest control of precise valve timing, but, in 2016, are not cost-effective for production vehicles. The history of the search for a method of variable valve opening duration goes back to the age of steam engines when
3895-548: The 1920s when maximum allowable RPM limits were generally starting to rise. Until about this time an engine's idle RPM and its operating RPM were very similar, meaning that there was little need for variable valve duration. The first use of variable valve timing was on the 1903 Cadillac Runabout and Tonneau created by Alanson Partridge Brush Patent 767,794 “INLET VALVE GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES” filed August 3, 1903, and granted August 16, 1904. Some time prior to 1919 Lawrence Pomeroy, Vauxhall's Chief Designer, had designed
BMW M62 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3990-499: The 1970s BMW CSL. The wheels were of 19-inch diameter and the car has quad exhaust pipes at the rear. During its five-year production run, 20,589 units were built: 19,564 saloons and 1,025 Touring/estates. The biggest market was the United States with 8,800 cars (saloons only), followed by the United Kingdom and Ireland with 1,776 cars and Germany with 1,647 cars. The M5 model was designed by Karl John Elmitt and produced at
4085-541: The 1986 factory summer vacation. Thereafter, the M5 production was moved to Daimlerstrasse in Garching where the remainder were built. Production of the M5 continued until November 1988, almost a year after BMW had ceased production of regular E28 models. With a total production of 2,241 units, the E28 M5 remains among the rarest regular production BMW Motorsport cars – after the M1 (456 units), M5 (E34) Touring (891 units) and
4180-411: The 3.5-litre engine due to emission laws. Power increased to 250 kW (340 PS; 335 hp), leading to a factory 0-97 km/h (60 mph) acceleration time of 5.9 seconds, and the ignition changed to a distributor-less system with each cylinder having an individual coil. BMW also used a dual-mass flywheel in place of the single in the 3.5-litre version for a smoother idle and throttle input at
4275-635: The BMW E30 M3 Sport Evolution. A total of 51 Winkelhock E34 M5s were produced with the options of having Jet Black (code number 668) with contrasting lower body panels in Sterling Silver metallic paint (code number 244). The 20 Jahre Motorsport Edition was built to celebrate BMW Motorsport's 20th anniversary in 1992. Twenty cars were produced, all Euro-spec 3.8-litre models. Offered only in Mugello Red (code number 274),
4370-650: The E28 535i chassis with a modified engine from the M1 that made it the fastest production saloon at the time. M5 models have been produced for every generation of the 5 Series since 1984, with occasional gaps in production (1995 to 1998, 2023 to 2024). The first BMW M5, based on the E28 5 Series , was manufactured from October 1984 to June 1988. It made its debut at the Amsterdam Motor Show in February 1985. It
4465-575: The E34 M5 was 12,254 units, of which 8,344 were 3.5-litre and 3,910 were 3.8-litre. In the North American market, only the 3.5-litre version was sold (model years 1991–1993). Cosmetic changes to the exterior from the standard E34 included unique front and rear bumpers and side rocker panels, contributing to a drag coefficient of 0.32 (from 0.30), and interior updates included a unique gearshift surround and rear headrests. The second-generation M5
4560-450: The E34 M5. The Cecotto Edition M5, named after Johnny Cecotto , featured several luxury items fitted, including Nappa leather for the steering wheel and heated seats. A total of 22 Cecotto E34 M5s were produced with options of having either Lagoon Green metallic (code number 266) and Mauritius Blue metallic paint (code number 287) and Light Parchment or Light Silvergrey upholstery for the interior. The other M5 special edition dedicated to
4655-427: The E39 5 Series range. However, several changes were made by BMW M. Reduced spring height, 23 mm (0.9 in) lower. A specific shock valving, thicker front and rear anti-roll bars , polyurethane auxiliary springs, and steel balljoints. Although the six-cylinder E39 models use rack-and-pinion steering, the M5 (and other V8 models) retains the recirculating ball steering system, as used by previous generations of
4750-473: The M5 featured the three-piece Style 20 "M-System" wheels, which consisted of magnesium, unidirectional bolted-on wheel covers and an aluminium assembly with concentric fins that bolt on to the front of the black, 5-spoke forged aluminium wheel. According to BMW, the cover increased outside airflow to the brake assembly by 25 percent to improve cooling. In 1992 BMW changed the design to the "M-System II" (nicknamed "throwing stars") which improved brake cooling from
4845-623: The M5. A quicker steering ratio of 14.7 was used, compared with 17.9 for other V8 models. It featured a Servotronic vehicle-speed-sensitive power assist which provides two levels of resistance controlled via console mounted Sport button. The Sport button also adjusted the electronic throttle butterflies for more sensitive response. Brake discs (rotors) are a "floating" two-piece design (except for U.S. and Canada models), for reduced risk of cone distortion. Their lower unsprung weight improves ride quality and traction on bumpy surfaces as well. The front discs are 345 mm (13.58 in) in diameter and
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#17327872966714940-413: The M62 engines used Alusil for the block material, however some early M62 engines used Nikasil cylinder coating instead. Alusil technology integrates silicon throughout the aluminum cast so that liners or treated bores within this block family are not needed. The M62 uses a Bosch Motronic 5.2 engine control unit (also called "DME") and a hot wire MAF . In 1998, a "Technical Update" was applied to
5035-525: The M62, resulting in the M62TU variants. New features include single-VANOS (variable valve timing for the intake camshaft) and electronic throttle control . The engine management was updated to Motronic ME7.2. Figures specified are for European models. The M62B35 has a bore of 84 mm (3.3 in) and a stroke of 78.9 mm (3.1 in). Applications: In 1998, the Technical Update
5130-453: The M62B44 engine. Released late in 1996 it used a modified M62B44 block supplied to Alpina from BMW featuring a bore of 93mm. It also featured a modified cylinder head, different intake camshafts, a crankshaft with increased stroke along with different pistons, a different air intake manifold and exhaust manifolds as well as custom engine programming. It has a bore of 93 mm (3.7 in) and
5225-553: The M62B46 production engine. It has a bore of 93 mm (3.7 in) and a stroke of 89 mm (3.5 in). Applications: Based on the production M62B44 the Racing Dyamics R52 engine featured a billet crankshaft, special pistons with stock connecting rods and a modified cylinder head which work together to raise the compression ratio to 11.3:1. It also features custom tubular exhaust manifolds, different camshafts and
5320-547: The actuators, however, electronic failure of the actuators themselves is not uncommon. The M5 uses the SMG-III 7-speed single-clutch automated manual transmission , that performs gear shifts in 65–250 milliseconds, depending on the gear shifting mode. In North America, a conventional six-speed manual transmission was announced in October 2006. The SMG-III remained the default transmission in North America, while
5415-416: The anniversary edition had a number of aesthetic trim upgrades such as carbon fiber dash panels, red seat belts embroidered with "BMW Motorsport," and M-Technic rear-view mirrors. Unique seat centre & door trim fabric were matched with Alcantara , which was also used on the steering wheel, shift lever & parking brake lever. The UK Limited Edition was produced from March to June 1995, to commemorate
5510-500: The camshaft by the governor. The Serpollet steamcars produced very hot high pressure steam, requiring poppet valves, and these used a patented sliding camshaft mechanism, which not only varied the inlet valve cut-off but allowed the engine to be reversed. An early experimental 200 hp Clerget V-8 from the 1910s used a sliding camshaft to change the valve timing . Some versions of the Bristol Jupiter radial engine of
5605-555: The combination of the larger openings and fins placed in the driving direction. In May 1994, the M5 switched to 18-inch Style 37 "M Parallel" wheels that did away with the finned cover entirely. There were four special editions of the E34 M5. The Cecotto, Winkelhock and 20 Jahre editions which were offered as LHD Euro specification models while the RHD UK Limited edition was only sold in the United Kingdom. In 1991, BMW asked two race drivers to design their "ideal" version of
5700-430: The desired result in intake and exhaust efficiency . This has been described in simulations. Practical results will vary based on available ambient combustion cycle gases in a naturally aspirated system, or forced air geometry as well as fuel pulse width timing and other factors which may or may not be available on vehicles equipped with variable valve timing. An engine equipped with a variable valve timing actuation system
5795-484: The development of the Corliss valve . These were widely used in constant speed variable load stationary engines, with admission cutoff, and therefore torque, mechanically controlled by a centrifugal governor and trip valves . As poppet valves came into use, a simplified valve gear using a camshaft came into use. With such engines, variable cutoff could be achieved with variable profile cams that were shifted along
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#17327872966715890-470: The early 1920s incorporated variable valve timing gear, mainly to vary the inlet valve timing in connection with higher compression ratios. The Lycoming R-7755 engine had a Variable Valve Timing system consisting of two cams that can be selected by the pilot. One for take off, pursuit and escape, the other for economical cruising. The desirability of being able to vary the valve opening duration to match an engine's rotational speed first became apparent in
5985-412: The end of right-hand drive E34 M5 production. Fifty cars were produced, in one of two colour and trim combinations: Rosso Red metallic (code number 369) with a Champagne extended leather interior and natural poplar wood trim (15 built) or Orinoco metallic (code number 406) with a Bicolour Petrol and Mint extended leather interior and graphite bird's-eye maple wood trim (35 built). Each E34 M5 Limited Edition
6080-421: The exhaust valve opens, and exhaust gas is pushed out of the cylinder and into the exhaust manifold by the piston as it travels upward. By manipulating the timing of the exhaust valve, engineers can control how much exhaust gas is left in the cylinder. By holding the exhaust valve open slightly longer, the cylinder is emptied more and ready to be filled with a bigger air/fuel charge on the intake stroke. By closing
6175-464: The expense of response. The standard self-leveling suspension (SLS) system, which maintained a constant ride height in the rear, was replaced with Electronic Damper Control (EDCIII+), an electronically controlled and hydraulically regulated system that can switch between comfort "P" setting and a more track-oriented "S" setting. A 6-speed Getrag 420G manual transmission was introduced in 1994. The M5 came with an unusual wheel design. From 1988 to 1992
6270-550: The inert/combusted exhaust gas will back flow out of the cylinder via the intake valve, where it cools momentarily in the intake manifold. This inert gas then fills the cylinder in the subsequent intake stroke, which aids in controlling the temperature of the cylinder and nitric oxide emissions. It also improves volumetric efficiency, because there is less exhaust gas to be expelled on the exhaust stroke. Early/late exhaust valve closing Early and late exhaust valve closing timing can be manipulated to reduce emissions. Traditionally,
6365-437: The inlet and exhaust camshafts, expressed as an angular measure.) of the camshaft and valves. This allows continuous adjustment of the cam timing (although many early systems only used discrete adjustment), however the duration and lift cannot be adjusted. These designs use an oscillating or rocking motion in a part cam lobe, which acts on a follower. This follower then opens and closes the valve. Some oscillating cam systems use
6460-422: The intake and exhaust camshafts). The S62 engine produces 294 kW (400 PS; 394 hp) at 6600 rpm and 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 3800 rpm. The redline is 7000 rpm. The bore and stroke are 94 mm (3.7 in) and 89 mm (3.5 in) respectively. This results in a displacement of 4,941 cc (301.5 cu in), compared with the 4,398 cc (268.4 cu in) of
6555-687: The intake valve while the exhaust valve is still open may cause unburnt fuel to exit the engine, leading to lower engine performance and increased emissions. According to engineer David Vizard's book "Building Horsepower", when both intake & exhaust are open simultaneously, the much-higher-pressure exhaust pushes the intake-charge back, out from the cylinder, polluting the intake-manifold with exhaust, in worst cases. Early variable valve timing systems used discrete (stepped) adjustment. For example, one timing would be used below 3500 rpm and another used above 3500 rpm. More advanced "continuous variable valve timing" systems offer continuous (infinite) adjustment of
6650-412: The intake valves only. Eccentric cam drive systems operates through an eccentric disc mechanism which slows and speeds up the angular speed of the cam lobe during its rotation. Arranging the lobe to slow during its open period is equivalent to lengthening its duration. The advantage of this system is that duration can be varied independent of lift (however this system does not vary lift). The drawback
6745-528: The largest M62 engine at the time. Other differences compared to the M62 include: Like the M62, the S62 has an aluminium block and head. The S62 was assembled at BMW's Dingolfing plant . Applications: The 1998-2000 Bentley Arnage (Green Label) is powered by a Cosworth -developed twin-turbo version of the M62B44. This engine produces 260 kW (349 hp) and 569 N⋅m (420 lb⋅ft). Variable valve timing Variable valve timing ( VVT )
6840-421: The late 1960s, the system used hydraulic pressure to vary the fulcrum of the cam followers (US Patent 3,641,988). The hydraulic pressure changed according to engine speed and intake pressure. The typical opening variation was 37%. Alfa Romeo was the first manufacturer to use a variable valve timing system in production cars (US Patent 4,231,330). The fuel injected models of the 1980 Alfa Romeo Spider 2000 had
6935-549: The manual was available as a no cost option. The six-speed manual M5 was marginally slower in certain tests, as the dynamic stability control could not be disengaged unlike the SMG version (however this was later made possible and a retrofit was released for earlier cars). In North America, the launch control for SMG transmissions is set at 1,500 rpm, instead of the 4,000 rpm used in other regions. A total of 1,366 North American market cars were produced with manual transmission, making
7030-568: The optional M Driver's Package fitted) of 305 km/h (190 mph). The F10 M5 has a reported Nürburgring lap time of 7:55. An Active M-Differential provides torque vectoring between the rear wheels, which are 19-inches in standard trim. Optional 20-inch wheels are fitted with 265/35/20 front and 295/30/20 rear Michelin Pilot Super Sport tyres. Standard brakes are 6-piston front calipers with carbon ceramic brakes optional. The F10 M5 weighs 1,945 kg (4,288 lb), which
7125-483: The other end has a longer duration/greater lift profile. In between, the lobe provides a smooth transition between these two profiles. By shifting area of the cam lobe which is in contact with the follower, the lift and duration can be continuously altered. This is achieved by moving the camshaft axially (sliding it across the engine) so a stationary follower is exposed to a varying lobe profile to produce different amounts of lift and duration. The downside to this arrangement
7220-616: The pumping losses associated with low engine speed, high vacuum conditions is by closing the intake valve earlier than normal. This involves closing the intake valve midway through the intake stroke. Air/fuel demands are so low at low-load conditions and the work required to fill the cylinder is relatively high, so Early intake valve closing greatly reduces pumping losses. Studies have shown early intake valve closing reduces pumping losses by 40%, and increases fuel economy by 7%. It also reduced nitric oxide emissions by 24% at partial load conditions. A possible downside to early intake valve closing
7315-548: The rear discs are 328 mm (12.91 in) in diameter. The E60 M5 was introduced in 2004, with a V10 engine and 7-speed paddle-shift SMG (Sequential Manual Gearbox) transmission linking the car with the BMW Sauber Formula One program. The E60 M5 was the world's first production saloon to use a V10 petrol engine. This generation of the M5 was also built in the E61 Touring (estate) body style, which
7410-409: The restricted duration range in the previous type. The duration range is theoretically unlimited but typically would be of the order of one hundred crankshaft degrees, which is sufficient to cover most situations. The cam is reportedly difficult and expensive to produce, requiring very accurate helical machining and careful assembly. BMW M5#E39 The BMW M5 is a high-performance variant of
7505-473: The saloon model. The prototype was never given the green light for production due to financial considerations. BMW Australia entered an E34 M5 in the Australian 1992 Bathurst 12 Hour Production Car endurance race, placing 2nd overall, and 1st in its class. It was driven by former F1 grand prix champion Alan Jones , Neville Crichton, and BMW Touring car driver Tony Longhurst . Introduced in 1998 at
7600-493: The same assembly line as the regular 5 Series models at the Dingolfing factory in Germany. The official performance figures are 0–97 km/h (60 mph) acceleration time of 4.8 seconds and an electronically limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). In testing, an unrestricted M5 reached a top speed in excess of 300 km/h (186 mph). The E39 M5 recorded a Nürburgring lap time of 8:20. The M5 received
7695-446: The same. It has a bore of 93 mm (3.7 in) and a stroke of 85 mm (3.3 in). Applications: The F5 was Alpina's final iteration of the M62B44 engine, it featured all the same technology as the F4/1 but with an increased displacement due to an increased stroke thanks to a modified crankshaft. The increased stroke necessitated an oil pan with additional clearance as well as revised intake camshafts and exhaust camshafts from
7790-497: The scheme is that only a duration variation equal to that of the lobe nose true radius (in camshaft degrees or double this value in crankshaft degrees) is possible. In practice this type of variable cam has a maximum range of duration variation of about forty crankshaft degrees. This is the principle behind what seems to be the very first variable cam suggestion appearing in the USPTO patent files in 1925 (1527456). The "Clemson camshaft"
7885-583: The take rate 7%. From 2014, the BMW M5 Competition Package was introduced. The Competition Package increases peak engine power to 423 kW (575 PS; 567 hp) and has a revised suspension setup (bushings, springs, dampers, anti-roll bars) which lowers the car 10 mm (0.4 in). In 2015, the power output of the M5's Competition Package was raised to 441 kW (600 PS; 591 hp) and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft). M Performance Parts include an M Performance exhaust,
7980-473: The take rate about 14%. The F10 M5 was unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show and sales began in November 2011. It is powered by a twin-turbocharged V8 engine, making it the first turbocharged M5 model. The gearbox in most markets is a 7-speed Getrag 7DCI600 dual-clutch transmission marking the first time an M5 has used a dual-clutch automatic transmission. A traditional 6-speed manual transmission
8075-435: The valve opening duration was referred to as "steam cut-off ”. The Stephenson valve gear , as used on early steam locomotives, supported variable cutoff , that is, changes to the time at which the admission of steam to the cylinders is cut off during the power stroke. Early approaches to variable cutoff coupled variations in admission cutoff with variations in exhaust cutoff. Admission and exhaust cutoff were decoupled with
8170-437: The valve slightly early, more exhaust gas remains in the cylinder which increases fuel efficiency. This allows for more efficient operation under all conditions. The main factor preventing this technology from wide use in production automobiles is the ability to produce a cost-effective means of controlling the valve timing under the conditions internal to an engine. An engine operating at 3000 revolutions per minute will rotate
8265-422: The valve timing. Therefore, the timing can be optimized to suit all engine speeds and conditions. The simplest form of VVT is cam-phasing , whereby the phase angle of the camshaft is rotated forwards or backwards relative to the crankshaft. Thus the valves open and close earlier or later; however, the camshaft lift and duration cannot be altered solely with a cam-phasing system. Achieving variable duration on
8360-465: Was also available in the United States and Canada. The S63B44TU engine is an upgraded version of the 4.4 L (269 cu in) twin-turbocharged V8 first introduced in the 2010 E70 X5 M , generating a maximum power output of 412 kW (560 PS; 553 hp) at 6,000–7,000 rpm and 680 N⋅m (502 lb⋅ft) at 1,500–5,750 rpm. This results in an official 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration time of 4.4 seconds and top speed (with
8455-573: Was applied, resulting in the M62TUB35. Versions used in the E39 5 Series application have slightly more power than versions used in the E38 7 Series. Applications: The M62B44 has a bore of 92 mm (3.6 in) and a stroke of 82.7 mm (3.26 in). Applications: In 1998, the Technical Update was applied, resulting in the M62TUB44. In the United States, power for TU models was increased to 216 kW (290 hp). Applications: The M62TUB46
8550-504: Was based on the 535i chassis with various mechanical changes, most notably the M88/3 engine (shared with the E24 M635CSi grand tourer coupé) which was an updated version of the engine used in the M1 sports car. At its launch, the E28 M5 was the fastest production saloon in the world. The official markets for the E28 M5 were Europe, Great Britain, the United States, Canada, and South Africa. The European and South African cars used
8645-1045: Was considered a non-useful "technological showpiece" as late as 2004 due to the system's weight penalty. Since then, motorcycles including VVT have included the Kawasaki 1400GTR/Concours 14 (2007), the Ducati Multistrada 1200 (2015), the BMW R1250GS (2019) and the Yamaha YZF-R15 V3.0 (2017), the Suzuki GSX-R1000R 2017 L7, the Moto Guzzi V85TT, the Harley Davidson Milwaukee-Eight, the KTM 1390 Super Duke. Variable valve timing has begun to trickle down to marine engines. Volvo Penta 's VVT marine engine uses
8740-525: Was exclusively used in the E60 M5 (and related E63/E64 M6) and is not based on any other engine. There are three driver-selectable engine modes: P400, P500 and P500 S. P400, the default start-up mode, limits the engine to 294 kW (400 PS; 394 hp). P500 increases power to the full 373 kW (507 PS; 500 hp). The P500 S mode keeps the engine at the same power output as the P500 mode but adds
8835-541: Was introduced with the S38B36 engine, which generated 232 kW (315 PS; 311 hp) at 6,900 rpm and 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4,750 rpm, touting a factory 0-97 km/h (60 mph) acceleration time of 6.3 seconds. Top speed was electronically limited to 250 km/h (155 mph). In late 1991 (1992 model year ), the engine was upgraded to the 3.8-litre S38B38 , with exception to North America and South Africa, which continued with
8930-642: Was launched by owners in the United States. The results of this class action was that owners were given a voucher for US$ 4,000 in 1993. Production of North American specification M5 commenced in November 1986 and ended in November 1987. Aside from 96 cars which were assembled in kit form at BMW's Plant in Rosslyn , South Africa, all cars were assembled by hand in Germany. Assembly took place at BMW Motorsport 's plant in Preussenstrasse in Munich prior to
9025-477: Was only sold in Europe. The E63/E64 M6 coupé and convertible are based on a shortened version of the M5 chassis and largely use the same mechanical components. The official 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration figure is 4.7 seconds for the saloon, however magazine tests have recorded figures down to 4.1 seconds. The E60 M5 was the fastest 4-door saloon available at the time of its introduction; top speed
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