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34-1359: (Redirected from BCIP ) BCIP [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Names Preferred IUPAC name 5-Bromo-4-chloro-1 H -indol-3-yl dihydrogen phosphate Other names BCIP Identifiers CAS Number 38404-93-2 3D model ( JSmol ) Interactive image ChemSpider 58873 PubChem CID 65409 UNII BZ64NZV99J CompTox Dashboard ( EPA ) DTXSID40191744 [REDACTED] InChI InChI=1S/C8H6BrClNO4P/c9-4-1-2-5-7(8(4)10)6(3-11-5)15-16(12,13)14/h1-3,11H,(H2,12,13,14) Key: QRXMUCSWCMTJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/C8H6BrClNO4P/c9-4-1-2-5-7(8(4)10)6(3-11-5)15-16(12,13)14/h1-3,11H,(H2,12,13,14) Key: QRXMUCSWCMTJGU-UHFFFAOYAN SMILES C1=CC(=C(C2=C1NC=C2OP(=O)(O)O)Cl)Br Properties Chemical formula C 8 H 6 Br Cl N O 4 P Molar mass 326.47  g·mol Appearance Colorless Solubility in water soluble in water (sodium salt) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). [REDACTED] N   verify  ( what

68-538: A differ by more than 4. Phosphate can form many polymeric ions such as pyrophosphate , (P 2 O 7 ) , and triphosphate , (P 3 O 10 ) . The various metaphosphate ions (which are usually long linear polymers) have an empirical formula of (PO 3 ) and are found in many compounds. In biological systems , phosphorus can be found as free phosphate anions in solution ( inorganic phosphate ) or bound to organic molecules as various organophosphates . Inorganic phosphate

102-675: A molar mass of 94.97 g/mol, and consists of a central phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. It is the conjugate base of the hydrogen phosphate ion H(PO 4 ) , which in turn is the conjugate base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion H 2 (PO 4 ) , which in turn is the conjugate base of orthophosphoric acid , H 3 PO 4 . Many phosphates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure . The sodium, potassium, rubidium , caesium , and ammonium phosphates are all water-soluble. Most other phosphates are only slightly soluble or are insoluble in water. As

136-403: A phosphate is an anion , salt , functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid . It most commonly means orthophosphate , a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 . The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4 ] is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H . Removal of one proton gives

170-471: A " peak phosphorus " would occur in 30 years and Dana Cordell from Institute for Sustainable Futures said that at "current rates, reserves will be depleted in the next 50 to 100 years". Reserves refer to the amount assumed recoverable at current market prices. In 2012 the USGS estimated world reserves at 71 billion tons, while 0.19 billion tons were mined globally in 2011. Phosphorus comprises 0.1% by mass of

204-519: A PIN may be a retained name. Both "PINs" and "retained names" have to be chosen (and established by IUPAC) explicitly, unlike other IUPAC names, which automatically arise from IUPAC nomenclatural rules. Thus, the PIN is sometimes the retained name (e.g., phenol and acetic acid, instead of benzenol and ethanoic acid), while in other cases, the systematic name was chosen over a very common retained name (e.g., propan-2-one, instead of acetone). A preselected name

238-473: A high phosphate-to-protein ratio, such as soft drinks, fast food, processed foods, condiments, and other products containing phosphate-salt additives is advised. Phosphates induce vascular calcification , and a high concentration of phosphates in blood was found to be a predictor of cardiovascular events . Phosphates are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus , found in many phosphate minerals . In mineralogy and geology, phosphate refers to

272-829: A rock or ore containing phosphate ions. Inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry. The largest global producer and exporter of phosphates is Morocco . Within North America, the largest deposits lie in the Bone Valley region of central Florida , the Soda Springs region of southeastern Idaho , and the coast of North Carolina . Smaller deposits are located in Montana , Tennessee , Georgia , and South Carolina . The small island nation of Nauru and its neighbor Banaba Island , which used to have massive phosphate deposits of

306-450: A rule, the hydrogen and dihydrogen phosphates are slightly more soluble than the corresponding phosphates. In water solution, orthophosphoric acid and its three derived anions coexist according to the dissociation and recombination equilibria below Values are at 25   °C and 0 ionic strength. The p K a values are the pH values where the concentration of each species is equal to that of its conjugate bases . At pH 1 or lower,

340-698: Is trimethyl phosphate , (CH 3 ) 3 PO 4 . The term also refers to the trivalent functional group OP(O-) 3 in such esters. Phosphates may contain sulfur in place of one or more oxygen atoms ( thiophosphates and organothiophosphates ). Orthophosphates are especially important among the various phosphates because of their key roles in biochemistry , biogeochemistry , and ecology , and their economic importance for agriculture and industry. The addition and removal of phosphate groups ( phosphorylation and dephosphorylation ) are key steps in cell metabolism . Orthophosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates . The phosphate ion has

374-446: Is   ?) Infobox references Chemical compound 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP, X-phosphate, XP) is an artificial chromogenic substrate used for the sensitive colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase activity. It is, for example, used in immunoblotting , in situ hybridization , and immunohistochemistry , often in combination with nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT). 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl

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408-491: Is a preferred name chosen among two or more names for parent hydrides or other parent structures that do not contain carbon (inorganic parents). "Preselected names" are used in the nomenclature of organic compounds as the basis for PINs for organic derivatives. They are needed for derivatives of organic compounds that do not contain carbon themselves. A preselected name is not necessarily a PIN in inorganic chemical nomenclature. The systems of chemical nomenclature developed by

442-550: Is also available. A preferred IUPAC name or PIN is a name that is preferred among two or more IUPAC names. An IUPAC name is a systematic name that meets the recommended IUPAC rules. IUPAC names include retained names. A general IUPAC name is any IUPAC name that is not a "preferred IUPAC name". A retained name is a traditional or otherwise often used name, usually a trivial name , that may be used in IUPAC nomenclature. Since systematic names often are not human-readable

476-1340: Is generally denoted P i and at physiological ( homeostatic ) pH primarily consists of a mixture of [HPO 4 ] and [H 2 PO 4 ] ions. At a neutral pH, as in the cytosol (pH = 7.0), the concentrations of the orthophoshoric acid and its three anions have the ratios [ H 2 PO 4 − ] [ H 3 PO 4 ] ≈ 7.5 × 10 4 [ HPO 4 2 − ] [ H 2 PO 4 − ] ≈ 0.62 [ PO 4 3 − ] [ HPO 4 2 − ] ≈ 2.14 × 10 − 6 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\frac {[{\ce {H2PO4-}}]}{[{\ce {H3PO4}}]}}&\approx 7.5\times 10^{4}\\[4pt]{\frac {[{\ce {HPO4^2-}}]}{[{\ce {H2PO4-}}]}}&\approx 0.62\\[4pt]{\frac {[{\ce {PO4^3-}}]}{[{\ce {HPO4^2-}}]}}&\approx 2.14\times 10^{-6}\end{aligned}}} Thus, only [H 2 PO 4 ] and [HPO 4 ] ions are present in significant amounts in

510-1283: Is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to form the blue dye 5,5′-dibromo-4,4′-dichloro-indigo. It is also oxidized by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), which forms an insoluble dark blue diformazan precipitate after reduction. Alkaline phosphatase is commonly conjugated to secondary antibodies . References [ edit ] ^ "5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate disodium salt" . Millipore Sigma . ^ Alkaline phosphatase hydrolyses BCIP to 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl<JP Horwitz J. Med. Chem., 1966, 9 (3), pp 447–447 and inorganic phosphate Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl_phosphate&oldid=1169146855 " Categories : Biochemistry detection reactions Indoles Organophosphates Chloroarenes Bromoarenes Hidden categories: Articles without EBI source Articles without KEGG source Articles with changed ChemSpider identifier Articles with changed InChI identifier Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes Chembox image size set Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Preferred IUPAC name Preferred IUPAC names are applicable only for organic compounds , to which

544-401: Is typically rare can have significant ecological consequences. For example, blooms in the populations of some organisms at the expense of others, and the collapse of populations deprived of resources such as oxygen (see eutrophication ) can occur. In the context of pollution, phosphates are one component of total dissolved solids , a major indicator of water quality, but not all phosphorus is in

578-492: The "Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013" (freely accessible), which replace two former publications: the "Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry" , 1979 (the Blue Book ) and "A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Recommendations 1993" . The full draft version of the PIN recommendations ( "Preferred names in the nomenclature of organic compounds" , Draft of 7 October 2004)

612-589: The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) have traditionally concentrated on ensuring that chemical names are unambiguous, that is that a name can only refer to one substance. However, a single substance can have more than one acceptable name, like toluene , which may also be correctly named as "methylbenzene" or "phenylmethane". Some alternative names remain available as "retained names" for more general contexts. For example, tetrahydrofuran remains an unambiguous and acceptable name for

646-409: The arbuscular mycorrhizal pathway and the direct uptake pathway. Hyperphosphatemia , or a high blood level of phosphates, is associated with elevated mortality in the general population. The most common cause of hyperphosphatemia in people, dogs, and cats is kidney failure. In cases of hyperphosphatemia, limiting consumption of phosphate-rich foods, such as some meats and dairy items and foods with

680-499: The dihydrogen phosphate ion [H 2 PO 4 ] while removal of two protons gives the hydrogen phosphate ion [HPO 4 ] . These names are also used for salts of those anions, such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate . In organic chemistry , phosphate or orthophosphate is an organophosphate , an ester of orthophosphoric acid of the form PO 4 RR′R″ where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. An example

714-606: The hydroxyl groups have been replaced by fluoride ions. Phosphates are medicinal salts of phosphorus. Some phosphates, which help cure many urinary tract infections , are used to make urine more acidic. To avoid the development of calcium stones in the urinary tract, some phosphates are used. For patients who are unable to get enough phosphorus in their daily diet, phosphates are used as dietary supplements, usually because of certain disorders or diseases. Injectable phosphates can only be handled by qualified health care providers. Plants take up phosphorus through several pathways:

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748-442: The phosphagens in muscle tissue. Similar reactions exist for the other nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates . An important occurrence of phosphates in biological systems is as the structural material of bone and teeth. These structures are made of crystalline calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite . The hard dense enamel of mammalian teeth may contain fluoroapatite , a hydroxy calcium phosphate where some of

782-430: The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) has the definition as compounds which contain at least a single carbon atom but no alkali , alkaline earth or transition metals and can be named by the nomenclature of organic compounds (see below ). Rules for the remaining organic and inorganic compounds are still under development. The concept of PINs is defined in the introductory chapter and chapter 5 of

816-604: The United States) account for about 70% of world production. In ecological terms, because of its important role in biological systems, phosphate is a highly sought after resource. Once used, it is often a limiting nutrient in environments , and its availability may govern the rate of growth of organisms. This is generally true of freshwater environments, whereas nitrogen is more often the limiting nutrient in marine (seawater) environments. Addition of high levels of phosphate to environments and to micro-environments in which it

850-400: The acid is completely dissociated as the phosphate ion, (PO 4 ) . This means that salts of the mono- and di-phosphate ions can be selectively crystallised from aqueous solution by setting the pH value to either 4.7 or 9.8. In effect, H 3 PO 4 , H 2 (PO 4 ) and H(PO 4 ) behave as separate weak acids because the successive p K

884-641: The average phosphate rock has roughly 3.7% phosphorus by weight. Some phosphate rock deposits, such as Mulberry in Florida, are notable for their inclusion of significant quantities of radioactive uranium isotopes. This is a concern because radioactivity can be released into surface waters from application of the resulting phosphate fertilizer . In December 2012, Cominco Resources announced an updated JORC compliant resource of their Hinda project in Congo-Brazzaville of 531 million tons, making it

918-604: The average rock (while, for perspective, its typical concentration in vegetation is 0.03% to 0.2%), and consequently there are quadrillions of tons of phosphorus in Earth's 3×10 -ton crust, albeit at predominantly lower concentration than the deposits counted as reserves, which are inventoried and cheaper to extract. If it is assumed that the phosphate minerals in phosphate rock are mainly hydroxyapatite and fluoroapatite, phosphate minerals contain roughly 18.5% phosphorus by weight. If phosphate rock contains around 20% of these minerals,

952-472: The best quality, have been mined excessively. Rock phosphate can also be found in Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Western Sahara, Navassa Island , Tunisia, Togo, and Jordan, countries that have large phosphate-mining industries. Phosphorite mines are primarily found in: In 2007, at the current rate of consumption, the supply of phosphorus was estimated to run out in 345 years. However, some scientists thought that

986-583: The common organic solvent, even if the preferred IUPAC name is "oxolane". The nomenclature goes: The following are available, but not given special preference: The number of retained non-systematic, trivial names of simple organic compounds (for example formic acid and acetic acid ) has been reduced considerably for preferred IUPAC names, although a larger set of retained names is available for general nomenclature. The traditional names of simple monosaccharides , α-amino acids and many natural products have been retained as preferred IUPAC names; in these cases

1020-404: The cytosol (62% [H 2 PO 4 ] , 38% [HPO 4 ] ). In extracellular fluid (pH = 7.4), this proportion is inverted (61% [HPO 4 ] , 39% [H 2 PO 4 ] ). Inorganic phosphate can also be present as pyrophosphate anions [P 2 O 7 ] , which give orthophosphate by hydrolysis : Organic phosphates are commonly found in

1054-502: The form of esters as nucleotides (e.g. AMP , ADP , and ATP ) and in DNA and RNA . Free orthophosphate anions can be released by the hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP or ADP. These phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions are the immediate storage and source of energy for many metabolic processes. ATP and ADP are often referred to as high-energy phosphates , as are

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-467: The largest measured and indicated phosphate deposit in the world. Around 2018, Norway discovered phosphate deposits almost equal to those in the rest of Earth combined. In July 2022 China announced quotas on phosphate exportation. The largest importers in millions of metric tons of phosphate are Brazil 3.2, India 2.9 and the USA 1.6. The three principal phosphate producer countries (China, Morocco and

1122-401: The phosphoric acid is practically undissociated. Around pH 4.7 (mid-way between the first two p K a values) the dihydrogen phosphate ion, [H 2 PO 4 ] , is practically the only species present. Around pH 9.8 (mid-way between the second and third p K a values) the monohydrogen phosphate ion, [HPO 4 ] , is the only species present. At pH 13 or higher,

1156-522: The systematic names may be very complicated and virtually never used. The name for water itself is a retained IUPAC name. In IUPAC nomenclature, all compounds containing carbon atoms are considered organic compounds. Organic nomenclature only applies to organic compounds containing elements from the Groups 13 through 17 . Organometallic compounds of the Groups 1 through 12 are not covered by organic nomenclature. Phosphate In chemistry ,

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