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32-567: BIOSIS Previews is part of the Life Sciences in Web of Science . Its coverage encompasses the life sciences and biomedical sciences literature, with deep global coverage on a wide range of related subject areas. This is accomplished with access to indexed journal content from Biological Abstracts , and supplemental indexed non-journal content from Biological Abstracts/Reports, Reviews, Meetings ( BA/RRM or Biological Abstracts/RRM) and

64-615: A citation index. For example, a paper's influence can be determined by linking to all the papers that have cited it. In this way, current trends, patterns, and emerging fields of research can be assessed. Eugene Garfield , the "father of citation indexing of academic literature", who launched the Science Citation Index , which in turn led to the Web of Science, wrote: Citations are the formal, explicit linkages between papers that have particular points in common. A citation index

96-458: A criticism was voiced pointing toward certain deficiencies of the journal impact factor calculation process, based on Thomson Reuters Web of Science, such as: journal citation distributions usually are highly skewed towards established journals; journal impact factor properties are field-specific and can be easily manipulated by editors, or even by changing the editorial policies; this makes the entire process essentially non-transparent. Regarding

128-639: A new grant-making foundation. The Board of Directors of that foundation selected as the organization's new name: J.R.S. Biodiversity Foundation . This reflected both the historic legacy of the Foundation and its future grant-making domain. The initials J.R.S. stand for the name of one of the founders of BIOSIS. In 2007, Wolters Kluwer announced the digital availability of the BIOSIS Archive and Zoological Record Archive databases, via their Ovid Technologies online services. The BIOSIS Archive consists of

160-429: A unifying research tool which enables the user to acquire, analyze, and disseminate database information in a timely manner". This is accomplished because of the creation of a common vocabulary, called ontology , for varied search terms and varied data. Moreover, search terms generate related information across categories. Acceptable content for Web of Science is determined by an evaluation and selection process based on

192-489: Is a paid-access platform that provides (typically via the internet) access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals , conference proceedings , and other documents in various academic disciplines . Until 1997, it was originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information . It is currently owned by Clarivate . Web of Science currently contains 79 million records in

224-787: Is available from all life sciences disciplines. This includes traditional biology (e.g. botany , ecology , zoology ) and interdisciplinary subjects (e.g. biochemistry , biomedicine , biotechnology ). Select literature from the Earth & Geological Sciences is also indexed. In 1926, the Society of American Bacteriologists and the Botanical Society of America , acknowledging the need for greater integration of life science information, agreed to merge their two publications, Abstracts of Bacteriology and Botanical Abstracts , thus creating Biological Abstracts . A not-for-profit company

256-447: Is built around these linkages. It lists publications that have been cited and identifies the sources of the citations. Anyone conducting a literature search can find from one to dozens of additional papers on a subject just by knowing one that has been cited. And every paper that is found provides a list of new citations with which to continue the search. The simplicity of citation indexing is one of its main strengths. Web of Science "is

288-433: Is made on the basis of impact evaluations and comprise academic journals , spanning multiple academic disciplines . The coverage includes: the sciences , social sciences , the arts , and humanities, and goes across disciplines. However, Web of Science does not index all journals. There is a significant and positive correlation between the impact factor and CiteScore . However, an analysis by Elsevier , who created

320-805: Is the former BioResearch Index . Acceptable content for Web of Science and BIOSIS previews is determined by an evaluation and selection process based on the following criteria: impact, influence, timeliness, peer review, and geographic representation. BIOSIS Previews covers 5,000 peer-reviewed journals. Non-journal coverage includes coverage of meetings, meeting abstracts, conferences, literature reviews, U.S. patents, books, software, book chapters, notes, letters, and selected reports in relevant disciplines including botany , microbiology , and pharmacology . BIOSIS Previews contains more than 18 million records; more than 500,000 records are added each year, and backfiles are available from 1926 to present. Specialized indexing has also been developed, which has increased

352-529: The Alpheios Project , non-profit software to facilitate the reading of ancient Greek and Latin. The company's primary competitor continued to be BRS Online . CD-Plus gained significant market share from its competitor, and in 1994 acquired the company. Shortly after, CD-Plus went public at $ 6/share, and listed on NASDAQ . It then changed to its present name in 1995, reflecting the importance of its Ovid product. In 1998, Nelson, who still retained

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384-470: The SCImago Journal Rank . Furthermore, as of September 2014, the total file count of the Web of Science was over 90 million records, which included over 800 million cited references, covering 5.3 thousand social science publications in 55 disciplines. Titles of foreign-language publications are translated into English and so cannot be found by searches in the original language. In 2018,

416-470: The Web of Science hosts a number of regional citation indices: The seven citation indices listed above contain references which have been cited by other articles. One may use them to undertake cited reference search, that is, locating articles that cite an earlier, or current publication. One may search citation databases by topic, by author, by source title, and by location. Two chemistry databases, Index Chemicus and Current Chemical Reactions allow for

448-742: The Web of Science started embedding partial information about the open access status of works, using Unpaywall data. While marketed as a global point of reference, Scopus and WoS have been characterised as «structurally biased against research produced in non-Western countries, non-English language research, and research from the arts, humanities, and social sciences». After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , on March 11, 2022, Clarivate – which owns Web of Science – announced that it would cease all commercial activity in Russia and immediately close an office there. The Web of Science Core Collection consists of six online indexing databases: Since 2008,

480-549: The above disciplines. Among other WoS databases are BIOSIS and The Zoological Record , an electronic index of zoological literature that also serves as the unofficial register of scientific names in zoology . Clarivate owns and markets numerous other products that provide data and analytics, workflow tools, and professional services to researchers, universities, research institutions, and other organizations, such as: As with other scientific approaches, scientometrics and bibliometrics have their own limitations. In 2010,

512-612: The accuracy of retrieval. Taxonomic data and terms, enhanced disease terms, sequenced databank numbers, and a conceptually controlled vocabulary go back to 1969. Some U.S. patents are also part of the BIOSIS Previews archives from 1926 to 1968, from 1986 to 1989, and from 1994 to present. Archived data is the electronic formatted content of the print Biological Abstracts volumes 1-49. The print counterparts for this bibliographic index were: The subject areas covered in BIOSIS Previews are broad and interdisciplinary . Content

544-512: The complex contributions scholars make to their disciplines, and many forms of scholarly achievement should be considered." Ovid Technologies Ovid Technologies, Inc. (or just Ovid for short), part of the Wolters Kluwer group of companies, provides access to online bibliographic databases , academic journals , and other products, chiefly in the area of health sciences . The National Library of Medicine 's MEDLINE database

576-539: The complexity of Medline's lexicon, enabling end-users to achieve a high level of search precision without the need to master Medline's intricate taxonomy . The company's first Microsoft Windows interface to MEDLINE was named Ovid and released in 1992. Nelson, who had majored in English Literature and minored in classical languages, chose the name Ovid as a homage to the ancient Roman poet's most famous work, Metamorphoses. Several years later, Nelson started

608-434: The core collection and 171 million records on the platform. A citation index is built on the fact that citations in science serve as linkages between similar research items, and lead to matching or related scientific literature, such as journal articles , conference proceedings , abstracts, etc. In addition, literature that shows the greatest impact in a particular field, or more than one discipline, can be located through

640-669: The coverage of Web of Science, in November 2009 Thomson Reuters introduced Century of Social Sciences . This service contains files which trace social science research back to the beginning of the 20th century, and Web of Science now has indexing coverage from the year 1900 to the present. As of February 2017, the multidisciplinary coverage of the Web of Science encompasses: over a billion cited references, 90 million records, covering over 12 thousand high impact journals, and 8.2 million records across 160 thousand conference proceedings, with 15 thousand proceedings added each year. The selection

672-588: The creation of structure drawings, thus enabling users to locate chemical compounds and reactions. The following types of literature are indexed: scholarly books, peer reviewed journals, original research articles, reviews, editorials, chronologies, abstracts, as well as other items. Disciplines included in this index are agriculture , biological sciences , engineering , medical and life sciences , physical and chemical sciences , anthropology , law, library sciences , architecture , dance, music, film, and theater. Seven citation databases encompasses coverage of

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704-643: The data from the print volumes of Biological Abstracts from 1926 to 1968, and the Zoological Record Archive contains the data published in print in The Zoological Record from 1864 to 1977. In 2010 Biosis Citation Index was released on the Web of Knowledge Platform, combining extensive indexing and database coverage of Biosis Previews with the Web of Science's citation tracking features. Web of Science The Web of Science ( WoS ; previously known as Web of Knowledge )

736-409: The following criteria: impact, influence, timeliness, peer review , and geographic representation. Web of Science employs various search and analysis capabilities. First, citation indexing is employed, which is enhanced by the capability to search for results across disciplines. The influence, impact, history, and methodology of an idea can be followed from its first instance, notice, or referral to

768-563: The interface. Nelson then decided to write his own Medline search engine, one of the first that was based on PCs. Nelson had attempted, unsuccessfully, to obtain funding for the company. In order to fund operations, Nelson began building computers in his apartment, selling them along with the software. When the first product was released in 1988, the company changed its name to CD Plus. The product quickly became successful, fueled by innovations in search engine technology. Most importantly, Nelson had devised algorithms that encapsulated much of

800-472: The journal evaluation metric CiteScore, has identified 216 journals from 70 publishers to be in the top 10 percent of the most-cited journals in their subject category based on the CiteScore while they did not have an impact factor. It appears that the impact factor does not provide comprehensive and unbiased coverage of high-quality journals. Similar results can be observed by comparing the impact factor with

832-551: The major publications of BIOSIS. This coverage includes literature in pre-clinical and experimental research, methods and instrumentation, animal studies, environmental and consumer issues, and other areas. The database is also provided by EBSCO Information Services through a partnership with Clarivate Analytics. Biological Abstracts consists of 350,000 references for almost 5,000 primary journal and monograph titles. Biological Abstracts/RRM additionally includes more than 200,000 non-journal citations . Biological Abstracts/RRM

864-472: The majority of Ovid shares, was wary of the market bubble that had been building for several years. He engaged Goldman Sachs to sell the company. Wolters Kluwer acquired the company in October, 1998, for $ 24.59/share. Ovid continued to make inroads against its competitors. In 2001, Wolters Kluwer purchased the rival SilverPlatter company and merged it into Ovid during 2001 and early 2002. Ovid introduced

896-434: The more objective journal metrics, there is a growing view that for greater accuracy it must be supplemented with article-level metrics and peer-review. Studies of methodological quality and reliability have found that "reliability of published research works in several fields may be decreasing with increasing journal rank". Thomson Reuters replied to criticism in general terms by stating that "no one metric can fully capture

928-416: The present day. This technology points to a deficiency with the keyword -only method of searching. Second, subtle trends and patterns relevant to the literature or research of interest, become apparent. Broad trends indicate significant topics of the day, as well as the history relevant to both the work at hand, and particular areas of study. Third, trends can be graphically represented. Expanding

960-504: Was formed to administer the publication on a financially sound basis. In 1964, the company's name was changed to BioSciences Information Service of Biological Abstracts (BIOSIS) . In addition to its indexing and abstracting service, it published The Zoological Record from 1980 to 2004. In 2004 the company was purchased by Thomson Scientific and it is now part of Thomson Reuters Science & Healthcare division. The proceeds from that sale were applied to fund an endowment and create

992-511: Was known as Online Research Systems, a name Nelson chose to disguise the fact that he was the only employee of the company, operating out of an apartment in Spanish Harlem, New York City. The interface was designed to connect over the phone lines to mainframe computers of vendors, primarily BRS Online , which were running in-house search engines designed for Medline. However, fearing potential competition, these vendors shut off access for

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1024-559: Was once its chief product but, as this is now freely available through PubMed , Ovid has diversified into a wide range of other databases and other products. Ovid has its global headquarters in New York City . Ovid was founded in 1984 by Mark Nelson, who had developed an interface to MEDLINE , the world's largest and oldest medical database, produced by the US National Library of Medicine . The company at that time

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