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Boudougate

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Boudougate is a political scandal in Argentina involving Vice President Amado Boudou and the printing house Ciccone Calcográfica. The AFIP, the revenue service of Argentina, requested Ciccone's bankruptcy in July 2010; but the AFIP reversed itself on September 24, 2010, and rescinded the bankruptcy request. A shell corporation named "The Old Fund", represented by Alejandro Vandenbroele, gave 2.3 million pesos to Ciccone; Vandenbroele became president of the organization as a result. Boudou, who was Minister of Economy at the time, instructed the AFIP to give Ciccone an exceptional moratorium to refinance debts. Boudou denied having any relationship with Vandenbroele, or even knowing about him, but it was confirmed later that Vandenbroele paid the rent and the cable television bill for an apartment belonging to Boudou.

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17-495: The case began to be investigated when Laura Muñoz, Vandenbroele's ex-wife, accused him of being a mere straw owner of Ciccone and claimed that the real owner was Amado Boudou. She requested protection , fearing attacks from her former husband. However, her testimony had no judicial value, because of her spousal relation with Vandenbroele and her limited knowledge of his ongoing activities. Boudou denied having any relation with Vandenbroele or even knowing about him and said he believed

34-630: A dismissal of charges . Despite the political scandal, the Central Bank of Argentina (BCRA) commissioned Ciccone in March 2012 to print currency notes on its behalf. Ciccone will print 120 million new Argentine peso banknotes. The proposal was initially resisted in the BCRA as Ciccone's financial instability would not allow it to meet the standards required to work with the state: the company had not made all of its required tax payments, and it had faced

51-530: A bankruptcy a short time before. Central Bank President Mercedes Marcó del Pont blocked the formal writing of any complaints, however, and the deal was approved. The first banknotes from Ciccone were printed in May 2012. The opposition attempted to impeach Boudou but failed to do so, as both chambers of the Congress have a Kirchnerist majority and Boudou is a Kirchnerist. The constitution requires two-thirds of

68-575: A person's first name, and not immediately before their surname. Titles are used to show somebody's ordination as a priest or their membership in a religious order . Use of titles differs between denominations . Christian priests often have their names prefixed with a title similar to The Reverend . Military ranks are used before names. The names of shipboard officers, certain shipping line employees and Maritime Academy faculty/staff are preceded by their title when acting in performance of their duties. The names of police officers may be preceded by

85-531: A person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify either generation, an official position, or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, Graf in German , Cardinal in Catholic usage – Richard Cardinal Cushing – or clerical titles such as Archbishop ). Some titles are hereditary . Titles include: Some people object to

102-540: A society or organization. Some titles are used in English to refer to the position of people in foreign political systems Titles used in Rajasthan and other neighbourhood states of India in honour of Rajputs (only): The following are no longer officially in use, though some may be claimed by former regnal dynasties. When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to

119-489: A title such as "Officer" or by their rank. In North America, several jurisdictions restrict the use of some professional titles to those individuals holding a valid and recognised license to practice. Individuals not authorised to use these reserved titles may be fined or jailed. Protected titles are often reserved to those professions that require a bachelor's degree or higher and a state, provincial, or national license. Some titles are used to show one's role or position in

136-625: Is in line with established practice advocated by the World Wide Web Consortium and the Government Digital Service which sets the standard for UK government online services. This in turn means that titles are optional on UK passports and driving licences. Family titles in English-speaking countries include: Some job titles of members of the legislature and executive are used as titles. In

153-422: The 2011 presidential election . As of April 2012, his public support had decreased by over 11 percentage points since the election, from 43.2% to 31.8%, while his negative image had increased nearly 19 percentage points, from 34.9% to 53.6% and only 15.4% think that he is innocent. Despite this, he has not given up his plan to run. Straw owner A straw owner is a person who owns property legally or has

170-627: The United Kingdom , "Lord" and "Lady" are used as titles for members of the nobility. Unlike titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs", they are not used before first names except in certain circumstances, for example as courtesy titles for younger sons, etc., of peers. In Scotland " Lord of Parliament " and "Lady of Parliament" are the equivalents of Baron and Baroness in England . These do not confer nobility. "Sir" and "Dame" differ from titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs" in that they can only be used before

187-559: The Chamber of Deputies to vote for initiating an impeachment process of the vice president, as well as two-thirds of the Senate to convict him as guilty. Opposition politicians Margarita Stolbizer and Eduardo Amadeo believed that Boudou should resign or explain what had happened. As President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner will not be able to run for a third term in 2015 , Boudou had considered running for office even though Kirchner won

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204-503: The country had been in July 2011. Boudou accused Judge Daniel Rafecas of being part of a "mafia" with the Clarín media group , something denied by Rafecas. Following an August 2013 judicial ruling ordering prosecutors to provide evidence of wrongdoing, and their subsequent failure to do so, on September 11 a Federal Court granted a motion by Boudou's attorneys that would allow them to file for

221-427: The legal appearance of owning something but does so on behalf of another, sometimes for a fee, and typically solely to hide the identity of the effective owner . Most instances of straw ownership are legal, but the arrangement is sometimes made for nefarious, illegal purposes. In the realm of real estate , a "straw owner" would be the person who holds title to the property , and for all legal purposes and outwardly

238-407: The owner, but who acts on behalf of a hidden person who installed them as the legal owner. Though the practice itself is legal, widespread, and sometimes beneficial to the parties involved, it is sometimes used to hide assets from the courts and creditors or used to purchase real estate for money laundering or to hide illegal gains. Title A title is one or more words used before or after

255-407: The usage of titles to denote marital status, age or gender. In 2018, a campaign named GoTitleFree was launched to encourage businesses to stop requesting, storing and using marital status titles in their registration forms, and when speaking with customers, launched on the grounds that titles often lead to assumptions about a woman's age or availability for marriage, and exclude non-binary people. This

272-481: The whole controversy to be staged by the news daily Clarín to harm the government. It has been alleged, however, that his connection to Ciccone was made through César Guido Forcieri , who formerly worked under Boudou. In addition, he accused Interior Minister Florencio Randazzo and a competing printing house, Boldt, of leaking the information about his relationship with Ciccone. Randazzo denied any relation with Boldt. The relationship between Boudou and Vandenbroele

289-596: Was confirmed in April 2012, when the judicial investigation checked an apartment belonging to Boudou and discovered that Vandenbroele had paid the rent and the television cable service. It is suspected that Vandenbroele may have been living there during that time, and not Fabián Carosso Donatiello, as had been thought. Donatiello was a friend of Vandenbroele, had moved to Spain many years before, had no ongoing economic activity in Argentina, and his most recent registered entry to

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