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45-561: Bowen Courthouse is a heritage-listed courthouse at 30 Williams Street (corner with Herbert Street), Bowen , Whitsunday Region , Queensland , Australia. It was designed by George St Paul Connolly of the Colonial Architect's Office and built in 1880 by Southall & Tracey. It is also known as Bowen Court House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. The courthouse

90-605: A United States post office as well as court facilities for the District of New Jersey . Some branches of U.S. federal government courts are housed in rented office space in buildings housing commercial tenants; for instance, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware is located in an office building in Wilmington, Delaware , across the street from the main courthouse of

135-537: A building was not constructed. Two other northern ports were established in 1864, at Cardwell and Townsville . In Nov 1865, Bowen became a District Court area. Judge Joseph Innes , later to become Attorney General and Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales , was appointed as Bowen's first District Court Judge. He arrived in early 1866 and held court in the Municipal Chambers. Because of

180-522: A completely different continent. These characteristics include the materiality in terms of large stone construction, the repetitive rhythmic use of windows containing various sized arches and barrel vaults directing attention towards them, decorated spandrels (wall section connecting arches) and the inclusion of gabled walls (pointed sections). Old City Hall has been designated a National Historical Site since 1989. Francis Drummond Greville Stanley Francis Drummond Greville Stanley (1839–1897)

225-600: A federally owned building that houses courtrooms, chambers and clerk's offices. Many federal judicial districts are further split into divisions, which may also have their own courthouses. However, sometimes divisional court facilities are located in buildings that also house other agencies or offices of the United States government; for instance, the Mitchell H. Cohen United States Courthouse in Camden, New Jersey houses

270-544: A purpose-designed court house. Since this time the Bowen Court House has functioned as a District and Magistrate's Court. The building remained substantially unchanged for many years, apart from some minor additions and alterations. A verandah was added to the north-west elevation in 1913, and the balustrades and posts have been altered. It underwent a $ 4 million refurbishment in November 2004. The work included

315-466: A series of ports linked to inland resources. Bowen was disadvantaged, despite its excellent harbour, because it was located on a flood plain and the Burdekin River flooded regularly, cutting off the port from the hinterland for extended periods. Bowen's importance decreased in the 1870s following the success of Townsville, which had better access routes to pastoral mining and centres, particularly

360-539: A silky oak witness stand . The upper level offices have ripple iron ceilings, moulded timber architraves and chimney pieces. The internal doors are four-panelled with toplights and glazed french doors with toplights open onto the verandahs. There is a timber staircase with turned balusters in the north-west block, and a similar new stair in the south-east block. Ceilings in the lower level are fibrous plaster or masonite with cover strips. The south-east verandah has masonry arches, infilled with cast iron panels, and

405-549: A timber floor. The north-west verandah is timber, with a timber balustrade and lattice , and weatherboard toilet rooms at the northern corner. Bowen Court House has been listed by the National Trust of Queensland and the Australian Heritage Commission . Bowen Court House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria. The place

450-428: Is "H" shaped in plan, with a small single story projection to the east corner which was originally a kitchen and bedroom. The wings are now occupied by offices and the court room is in the centre section, rising through both stories with a mezzanine level public gallery at the south east end. The walls of the court room are rendered and scored up to a moulded plaster dado , and have painted brickwork above. The ceiling

495-703: Is equivalent to the city hall as the symbol of the municipium in European free cities . Courthouses are often shown in American cinema (i.e. " Peyton Place ", " Back to the Future ", and " My Cousin Vinny "). They range from small-town rural buildings with a few rooms to huge metropolitan courthouses that occupy large plots of land. The style of American architecture used varies, with common styles including federal , Greek Revival , neoclassicist , and modern . Due to

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540-446: Is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. The Bowen Court House is important in demonstrating the early prominence of Bowen, being considerably more grand than other early courts at Townsville and Charters Towers; both of which towns were to eclipse Bowen. As the first Supreme Court outside Brisbane, it also illustrates the way in which a legal system was established and government services provided in

585-500: Is lined with beaded tongue and groove boards divided by exposed stop-chamfered beams, with turned knobs at the intersections. The space has 4 pane, horizontally pivoting windows to the upper section and large double hung windows with arched heads in the lower section. Centred on each long side of the court are pairs of four-panel entry doors. The furniture of the court room includes the bench , jury benches , press box and dock all constructed from beaded tongue and groove boarding, and

630-418: Is now rare. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The building is a good example of a government building of its era with offices and accommodation provided for judges and court officers and for other government officials. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. Bowen Court House is an important component of

675-585: The Coral Sea , although Queensland became a separate colony before settlement took place there. The new township, designated a Port of Entry , was formally established on 12 April 1861 and named after Sir George Ferguson Bowen , first Governor of Queensland . The first pastoral run in the area, Strathmore, was taken up in the same year by the Cunningham family who were quickly followed by other graziers eager to establish grazing properties. A Police Magistrate

720-665: The Northern Supreme Court , the Bowen Post Office and Government Offices. Since 1899 it has functioned as a District and Magistrates court. In 1859 prior to the separation of Queensland , the Government of New South Wales commissioned Captain H.D. Sinclair to find a suitable site for a port to support the pastoral development of the Kennedy district. He selected a place on Port Denison , an inlet of

765-532: The Oklahoma City bombing , the federal government proceeded to heavily fortify all large federal buildings, including many urban courthouses. Some courthouses in areas with high levels of violent crime have redundant layers of security. For example, when the Supreme Court of California hears oral argument in San Francisco or Los Angeles, visitors must pass through one security checkpoint to enter

810-620: The State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014). [REDACTED] Media related to Bowen Courthouse at Wikimedia Commons Courthouse The term is commonly used in the English-speaking countries of North America. In most other English-speaking countries, buildings which house courts of law are simply called "courts" or "court buildings". In most of continental Europe and former non-English-speaking European colonies,

855-505: The Colonial Architects office who made a great contribution to the building of Queensland. [REDACTED] This Misplaced Pages article was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by

900-684: The Lands Department in 1863 and became the chief clerk of works, under the Colonial Architect Charles Tiffin . On 27 April 1865, he married Margaret Bennet at Toowoomba . His younger brother, Henry Charles Stanley , was also an early immigrant to Queensland, becoming the Chief Engineer of the Queensland railways. His niece, Gwendolyn Stanley was an artist. Stanley was himself appointed to

945-743: The Los Angeles Superior Court added such checkpoints to all entrances to its main courthouse in Downtown Los Angeles after a woman was shot and killed by her ex-husband in open court in September 1995. The Supreme Court of California ruled in 2002 that Los Angeles County (which at the time was responsible for maintaining the courthouses) was not liable to her three children under the California Government Tort Claims Act. After

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990-619: The Supreme Court, and the upper floor was shared by the Survey and Roads offices, with bedrooms for Court Officials. The building was designed in the Colonial Architect's office during the time when FDG Stanley was the Colonial Architect. Within the office, the design of the building is attributed to GS Connolly, who later became Colonial Architect himself. Both architects excelled in the classical revival style chosen, which

1035-642: The building housing the courthouse may be named in some way or its function divided as between a judicial building and administrative office building. Philadelphia City Hall , for instance, serves as the seat of the legislative and executive functions of the consolidated city and county of Philadelphia , but most of its floor space is devoted to the Civil Division of the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas . The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania shares space with three local governments and with

1080-660: The building, and another to enter the courtroom. In Canada , each municipality constructs its own courthouse, or several in the case of large cities. In smaller communities the court is in the same building as the city hall and other municipal offices. In the past many courthouses also included the local prison. One well-known court house in Canada is the Romanesque Revival (Neo-Romanesque) Old City Hall in Toronto , Ontario . Designed by E.J. Lennox , Old City Hall

1125-427: The courthouse also contains the main administrative office for the county government, or when a new courthouse is constructed, the former one will often be used for other local government offices. Either way, a typical courthouse will have one or more courtrooms and a court clerk's office with a filing window where litigants may submit documents for filing with the court. Each United States district court also has

1170-420: The developing north of the colony. The inclusion of a second function as a Post Office indicates both the need for economy and the importance given to the role of communications services. The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage. The court house remains substantially unchanged since completion and retains the major components of its original furniture, which

1215-590: The district court. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of California has a courthouse in Yosemite to hear misdemeanors and petty crimes for Yosemite National Park . Most of the United States courts of appeals are based in the main courthouses of the federal district court in the city in which they are seated. The courthouse is part of the iconography of American life and

1260-523: The equivalent term is a palace of justice (French: palais de justice, Italian: palazzo di giustizia, Portuguese: palácio da justiça). In the United States , most counties maintain trial courts in a county-based courthouse, which also house other county government offices. The courthouse may be a part of a wider county government building or complex. The courthouse is usually located in the county seat , although large metropolitan counties may have satellite or annex offices for their courts. In some cases,

1305-912: The financial crisis taking place in Queensland in 1866, the planned courthouse did not go forward and in early 1867, the judge made unauthorised changes to the court house to improve conditions. In 1874, recognising the rapid development of North Queensland , due largely to the discovery of gold, the Supreme Court Act increased the number of judges in Queensland to 4, of which 1 was to reside in Bowen as "the Northern Judge". The Bowen Supreme Court formally opened before His Honour Mr Justice Edmund Sheppard on 21 Oct 1874. The Supreme Court first sat in Townsville on 12 Feb 1875, Bowen 26 Feb 1875, and Cooktown 29 May 1876. Queensland developed as

1350-440: The footprint of the building. Secure entrance vestibules provide court staff the opportunity to screen visitors to the building for contraband, such as weapons and narcotics, as well as for unauthorized access. Mid size to larger courthouses often have separate entrances to the building for the public, prisoners, judges, and witnesses. These entrances may be monitored remotely from a central security station. In lower risk settings,

1395-450: The installation of an additional courtroom, closed-circuit television, a lift and videoconferencing technology. The refurbishments were completed in late 2006. The Bowen Court House is a two-storey classical revival building constructed of rendered brick, with a corrugated galvanised iron roof. It is located on the corner of Williams and Herbert Street, the main street of Bowen, and addresses both streets with major facades . The building

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1440-1125: The legislative and executive branches of the state government of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia City Hall in Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg , which it shares with the Pennsylvania General Assembly and the Governor of Pennsylvania , and the Pittsburgh City-County Building in Pittsburgh , which it shares with the governments of the City of Pittsburgh and of Allegheny County . Many judges also officiate at civil marriage ceremonies in their courthouse chambers. In some places,

1485-489: The major goldfields at Charters Towers and the Palmer River . By May 1877, all the government buildings in Bowen had become dilapidated and it was recommended that it would be more economic in the long term, allowing for the tropical climate, to construct new buildings in masonry. The site selected for the new court was considered the best in town and plans were completed by July 1879. Presumably for reasons of economy,

1530-465: The modalities involved in the hearing of complex cases, including civil, criminal, and family law disputes, the architecture of court buildings can present significant security challenges to enforcement officers. Architects typically use two main tools to mitigate security risks within the adjudicative space depending upon local needs, such as the proliferation of weapons: secure entrance vestibules and separation of circulation pathways and adjacencies within

1575-462: The new building was to house several different functions in different parts of the building. A large court room occupied the centre of the building, rising to its full height The south wing was occupied by the Post Master, the ground floor containing the office, kitchen and servant's room, and the upper floor sitting and bedrooms. The lower floor of the north wing was designed to house officials of

1620-419: The only place the systems of circulation, including hallways, stairwells, and elevators overlap is within the monitored setting of the courtroom. This reduces the risk of unauthorized access to court materials by the public, such as court clerk record vaults, as well as the risk of in-custody defendants intimidating witnesses or jurors while being escorted through the public areas of the courthouse. For example,

1665-637: The post of Queensland Colonial Architect in July 1873. He held the post until 1881. Stanley was interested in astronomy and built an observatory at his home. It was equipped with a powerful telescope, housed under a retractable roof. He used this to observe the transit of Mercury , in November 1894. In August 1896, Stanley took up government employment again as an Inspector of Works. Stanley died of tuberculosis on Friday 28 May 1897, at his home Ardencraig in Church Street - later Jephson Street - in

1710-654: The security screening may be more perfunctory and serve as an information desk to direct visitors to the various agencies and offices housed within the court building. Once users of the court have entered the building through security screenings and access control checkpoints, the circulation systems of passageways through the building provide discrete pathways by which the public, court staff, and in-custody defendants access to courtrooms and other court services, such as attorneys, pretrial and probation services, and clerks' offices. The circulation pathways and adjacency diagrams designed for newer and larger courthouses often ensure that

1755-418: The streetscape of Bowen. It is a well designed and prominent public building and an excellent example of the high quality work produced by the Colonial Architects office. The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. It is associated with the life and work of GS Connolly (1847-1901) and FDG Stanley (1839-1897) of

1800-718: The use of arcades. The tender of builders Southall and Tracey for £ 8023 was accepted and work was completed by July 1881. The old court buildings were sold in 1884. Soon after this, however, the pre-eminence of Townsville as the major town in North Queensland was recognised in the 1889 the Supreme Court Bill which provided for the appointment of a second northern judge and the relocation of the Northern Supreme Court to Townsville. This occurred on 1 December 1899, although Townsville did not have

1845-674: Was an architect in Queensland , Australia. He was the Queensland Colonial Architect . Many of his designs are now heritage-listed buildings. Stanley was born in Edinburgh , Scotland, on 1 January 1839, the son of actor and painter Montague Talbot Stanley and his wife Mary Susan (née Eyre). Stanley studied and practised architecture in Edinburgh, prior to emigrating to Brisbane in 1861–62. There, he joined

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1890-520: Was appointed to serve Bowen in late 1860 and a temporary courthouse was constructed. Bowen soon became a major administrative and commercial centre and was declared a municipality (the Borough of Bowen ) on 17 March 1863 in the courthouse. This was merely a small slab hut without a verandah and which was not weather proof. After local agitation, tenders for a Court House were called in October 1864, though

1935-560: Was completed in 1881 in the Classical Revival style . It is a two-storey building and was constructed in rendered brick with a corrugated iron roof. It is still in use today and contains most of the original furniture and features. The Bowen Court House is a substantial masonry building in Classical Revival style, prominently located on the corner of Herbert and Williams Streets, Bowen. It was built in 1880 to house

1980-640: Was completed in 1899 and has been functioning as a municipal building ever since. It was originally constructed to facilitate Toronto's City Council, legal and municipal offices and the city's courts however following the construction of the fourth city hall (adjacent to the third, on Queen Street) the building's purpose was limited to being solely a courthouse for the Ontario Court of Justice . The building can be described as Romanesque Revival due to multiple characteristics it shares with Romanesque architecture, despite being constructed seven centuries later in

2025-554: Was thought well suited to public buildings intended to convey a sense of stability and dignity, particularly a court which represented the power of the law. The building is on a corner site and designed so that the major street elevations each represented a separate function housed within the building; that to Herbert Street representing the Court and that to Williams Street the Post Office. The two elevations are linked stylistically by

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